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legal-ai/mcp-server/src/legal_mcp/services/halacha_extractor.py
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feat: external precedent library with auto halacha extraction
Adds a third corpus of legal authority distinct from style_corpus
(Daphna's prior decisions for voice) and case_precedents (chair-attached
quotes per case). The new corpus holds chair-uploaded court rulings and
other appeals committee decisions, with binding rules (הלכות) extracted
automatically and queued for chair approval.

Pipeline (web/app.py + services/precedent_library.py):
file → extract → chunk → Voyage embed → halacha_extractor → store +
publish progress over the existing Redis SSE channel.

Schema V7 (services/db.py): extends case_law with source_kind +
extraction status fields under a CHECK constraint pinning practice_area
to the three appeals committee domains (rishuy_uvniya, betterment_levy,
compensation_197). New precedent_chunks (vector(1024)) and halachot
tables (vector(1024) over rule_statement, IVFFlat indexes, gin on
practice_areas/subject_tags). Halachot start as pending_review; only
approved/published rows are visible to search_precedent_library.

Agents: legal-writer, legal-researcher, legal-analyst, legal-ceo,
legal-qa get search_precedent_library. legal-writer prompt explains
the three-corpus distinction and CREAC use; legal-qa now verifies that
every cited halacha resolves to an approved row in the corpus.

UI: /precedents page with four tabs — library / semantic search /
pending review (J/K nav, A/R/E shortcuts, badge count) / stats.
Reuses the existing upload-sheet progress + SSE pattern.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>
2026-05-03 08:38:18 +00:00

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"""Extract binding legal rules (הלכות) from external court rulings.
Runs Claude (via the local headless ``claude -p`` bridge) over the
legal_analysis / ruling / conclusion chunks of a precedent, returns a
structured list of halachot, validates each one against the source text,
embeds the rule statement, and stores everything as ``pending_review`` in
the ``halachot`` table.
All extraction is idempotent — calling ``extract(case_law_id)`` twice
deletes prior rows for that precedent first.
Trust model:
Per chair decision, NO halacha is auto-published. Every extracted
halacha enters with ``review_status='pending_review'``. The chair
approves/rejects via the UI, and only ``approved`` (or ``published``)
rows are visible to ``search_precedent_library`` and the writing
agents.
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import asyncio
import logging
import re
from uuid import UUID
from legal_mcp import config
from legal_mcp.config import parse_llm_json
from legal_mcp.services import claude_session, db, embeddings, proofreader
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
# Concurrency model mirrors claims_extractor — each ``claude -p`` subprocess
# holds ~300 MB RSS, so we cap parallel chunks to keep the box healthy.
CHUNK_CONCURRENCY = 3
CHUNK_RETRY_ATTEMPTS = 1
# Sections from which to extract. facts/intro/appellant_claims/respondent_claims
# never contain holdings, only positions, so we skip them.
EXTRACTABLE_SECTIONS = ("legal_analysis", "ruling", "conclusion")
HALACHA_EXTRACTION_PROMPT = """אתה משפטן בכיר המתמחה בדיני תכנון ובניה (ועדות ערר, היטל השבחה, פיצויים לפי סעיף 197 לחוק התכנון והבניה). תפקידך: לחלץ הלכות מחייבות מתוך פסק דין/החלטה משפטית.
## הגדרות מחייבות
הלכה (binding rule) = כלל משפטי שהפסק קובע או מאמץ ומיישם, באופן שניתן להסתמך עליו בהחלטות עתידיות.
לא-הלכה (אין לחלץ):
- אמרת אגב (obiter dicta) — הערות שאינן הכרחיות להכרעה.
- ממצאים עובדתיים ספציפיים לתיק ("העורר לא הוכיח X").
- ציטוטי הלכות מפסקי דין אחרים שלא אומצו במפורש בפסק זה.
- הצהרות על דין קיים שאינן מיושמות בהכרעה.
הבחנה קריטית: כאשר הפסק מצטט הלכה מפסק קודם, חלץ אותה רק אם בית המשפט בפסק הנוכחי **מאמץ ומחיל** אותה (לא רק מזכיר אותה ברקע).
## תחומים אפשריים (practice_areas) — תחומי ועדת הערר בלבד
- rishuy_uvniya — רישוי ובניה (תיקי 1xxx: היתרים, שימוש חורג, תכניות, קווי בניין, גובה, חניה)
- betterment_levy — היטל השבחה (תיקי 8xxx: שומה, מערכות, תכניות המקנות בה, מועד קובע, סופיות ההחלטה)
- compensation_197 — פיצויים לפי ס' 197 (תיקי 9xxx: פגיעה במקרקעין, ירידת ערך, ס' 200/פטור)
הלכה אחת יכולה לחול על כמה תחומים — practice_areas הוא array ולא string יחיד.
## סוגי הלכה (rule_type)
- binding — הלכה מחייבת שהוחלה על התיק.
- interpretive — פרשנות סעיף חוק/תכנית שאומצה.
- procedural — כלל פרוצדורלי (סמכות, מועדים, הליכי שמיעה).
- obiter — אמרת אגב חשובה (חלץ רק אם משמעותית; סמן confidence נמוך).
## פלט נדרש
החזר JSON array בלבד, ללא markdown, ללא הסברים. דוגמה:
[
{
"rule_statement": "ניסוח הכלל בלשון משפטית מדויקת בגוף שלישי, 1-3 משפטים.",
"rule_type": "binding",
"reasoning_summary": "תמצית ההיגיון: למה בית המשפט הגיע לכלל הזה (1-2 משפטים).",
"supporting_quote": "ציטוט מילולי מדויק מהפסק התומך בכלל. חייב להופיע מילה במילה בטקסט הקלט.",
"page_reference": "פס' 12 / עמ' 8 — ככל שניתן לזהות מהקלט.",
"practice_areas": ["betterment_levy"],
"subject_tags": ["מועד_קביעת_שומה", "סופיות_ההחלטה"],
"cites": ["עע\\"מ 3975/22"],
"confidence": 0.85
}
]
## כללי איכות
1. **נאמנות מוחלטת לציטוט** — supporting_quote חייב להיות הדבקה מדויקת מהקלט. אם אין ציטוט מתאים — אל תמציא הלכה.
2. **מספר הלכות** — פסק רגיל מכיל 1-4 הלכות מחייבות. אל תמתח את הרשימה. אם אין הלכה — החזר [].
3. **לא לפצל יתר על המידה** — אם שני סעיפים מבטאים את אותו עיקרון, אחד את הניסוח.
4. **שפה** — rule_statement בעברית משפטית מקצועית, לא צמצום מילולי של הציטוט.
5. **subject_tags** — 2-5 תגיות בעברית, snake_case (חניה, קווי_בניין, שיקול_דעת, פגם_פרוצדורלי, סמכות, מועדים, פגיעה_במקרקעין, ירידת_ערך).
6. **confidence** — 0..1. מתחת ל-0.7 = ספק לגבי היות זה הלכה מחייבת.
"""
_VALID_PRACTICE_AREAS = {"rishuy_uvniya", "betterment_levy", "compensation_197"}
_VALID_RULE_TYPES = {"binding", "interpretive", "procedural", "obiter"}
def _normalize_for_comparison(text: str) -> str:
"""Normalize Hebrew text for substring matching.
Collapses whitespace and unifies the half-dozen Hebrew quote-mark
variants. Use ``proofreader._fix_hebrew_quotes`` for the quote part
so we stay consistent with the proofreader pipeline.
"""
fixed = proofreader._fix_hebrew_quotes(text)
# Collapse all whitespace (newlines, tabs, multiple spaces) to a single space.
return re.sub(r"\s+", " ", fixed).strip()
def _verify_quote(supporting_quote: str, full_text: str) -> bool:
"""Return True if ``supporting_quote`` appears verbatim in ``full_text``
after Hebrew quote/whitespace normalization.
The LLM occasionally trims a leading/trailing word from the quote;
we accept the quote if at least 90% of its characters match a
contiguous substring of the source.
"""
if not supporting_quote.strip():
return False
normalized_quote = _normalize_for_comparison(supporting_quote)
normalized_text = _normalize_for_comparison(full_text)
if not normalized_quote:
return False
if normalized_quote in normalized_text:
return True
# Fallback: try the inner 90% of the quote (drops boundary trim).
if len(normalized_quote) >= 30:
trim = max(2, len(normalized_quote) // 20)
inner = normalized_quote[trim:-trim]
if inner and inner in normalized_text:
return True
return False
def _coerce_halacha(raw: dict) -> dict | None:
"""Validate and normalize one LLM-returned halacha dict.
Returns ``None`` if the entry is missing required fields.
"""
if not isinstance(raw, dict):
return None
rule_statement = (raw.get("rule_statement") or "").strip()
supporting_quote = (raw.get("supporting_quote") or "").strip()
if not rule_statement or not supporting_quote:
return None
rule_type = (raw.get("rule_type") or "binding").strip().lower()
if rule_type not in _VALID_RULE_TYPES:
rule_type = "binding"
practice_areas_raw = raw.get("practice_areas") or []
if isinstance(practice_areas_raw, str):
practice_areas_raw = [practice_areas_raw]
practice_areas = [p for p in practice_areas_raw if p in _VALID_PRACTICE_AREAS]
subject_tags_raw = raw.get("subject_tags") or []
if isinstance(subject_tags_raw, str):
subject_tags_raw = [subject_tags_raw]
subject_tags = [str(t).strip() for t in subject_tags_raw if str(t).strip()]
cites_raw = raw.get("cites") or []
if isinstance(cites_raw, str):
cites_raw = [cites_raw]
cites = [str(c).strip() for c in cites_raw if str(c).strip()]
try:
confidence = float(raw.get("confidence", 0.0))
except (TypeError, ValueError):
confidence = 0.0
confidence = max(0.0, min(1.0, confidence))
return {
"rule_statement": rule_statement,
"rule_type": rule_type,
"reasoning_summary": (raw.get("reasoning_summary") or "").strip(),
"supporting_quote": supporting_quote,
"page_reference": (raw.get("page_reference") or "").strip(),
"practice_areas": practice_areas,
"subject_tags": subject_tags,
"cites": cites,
"confidence": confidence,
}
async def _extract_chunk(
chunk_text: str,
section_type: str,
chunk_index: int,
chunk_total: int,
context: str,
) -> list[dict]:
"""Run the halacha extractor on one chunk with retry."""
chunk_label = f" (חלק {chunk_index + 1}/{chunk_total})" if chunk_total > 1 else ""
prompt = (
f"{HALACHA_EXTRACTION_PROMPT}\n\n"
f"## הקלט\n"
f"סוג קטע: {section_type}\n"
f"{context}{chunk_label}\n\n"
f"--- תחילת הטקסט ---\n{chunk_text}\n--- סוף הטקסט ---"
)
last_err: Exception | None = None
for attempt in range(CHUNK_RETRY_ATTEMPTS + 1):
try:
result = await claude_session.query_json(prompt)
except Exception as e:
last_err = e
logger.warning(
"halacha_extractor chunk %d/%d attempt %d raised: %s",
chunk_index + 1, chunk_total, attempt + 1, e,
)
continue
if isinstance(result, list):
return result
logger.warning(
"halacha_extractor chunk %d/%d attempt %d returned non-list (%s)",
chunk_index + 1, chunk_total, attempt + 1, type(result).__name__,
)
logger.error(
"halacha_extractor chunk %d/%d failed after %d attempts: %s",
chunk_index + 1, chunk_total, CHUNK_RETRY_ATTEMPTS + 1, last_err,
)
return []
async def extract(case_law_id: UUID | str) -> dict:
"""Extract halachot from an uploaded precedent and store them.
Idempotent: replaces any existing halachot for this case_law_id.
All inserted rows start as ``review_status='pending_review'``.
Returns:
``{"status": "...", "extracted": N, "verified": M, "stored": K, ...}``
"""
if isinstance(case_law_id, str):
case_law_id = UUID(case_law_id)
record = await db.get_case_law(case_law_id)
if not record:
return {"status": "not_found", "extracted": 0, "stored": 0}
chunks = await db.list_precedent_chunks(
case_law_id, section_types=EXTRACTABLE_SECTIONS,
)
if not chunks:
await db.set_case_law_halacha_status(case_law_id, "completed")
return {"status": "no_chunks", "extracted": 0, "stored": 0}
await db.set_case_law_halacha_status(case_law_id, "processing")
await db.delete_halachot(case_law_id)
citation = record.get("case_number", "")
court = record.get("court", "")
date_str = str(record.get("date") or "")
context = f"מקור: {citation}{court}, {date_str}"
sem = asyncio.Semaphore(CHUNK_CONCURRENCY)
async def _bounded(idx: int, chunk_row: dict) -> list[dict]:
async with sem:
return await _extract_chunk(
chunk_row["content"], chunk_row["section_type"],
idx, len(chunks), context,
)
chunk_results = await asyncio.gather(
*[_bounded(i, c) for i, c in enumerate(chunks)]
)
raw_halachot: list[dict] = []
for items in chunk_results:
raw_halachot.extend(items)
if not raw_halachot:
await db.set_case_law_halacha_status(case_law_id, "completed")
return {"status": "no_halachot", "extracted": 0, "stored": 0}
# Validate against the full text of the precedent for the quote check.
full_text = record.get("full_text") or ""
cleaned: list[dict] = []
for raw in raw_halachot:
coerced = _coerce_halacha(raw)
if coerced is None:
continue
coerced["quote_verified"] = _verify_quote(
coerced["supporting_quote"], full_text,
)
cleaned.append(coerced)
if not cleaned:
await db.set_case_law_halacha_status(case_law_id, "completed")
return {"status": "no_valid_halachot", "extracted": len(raw_halachot), "stored": 0}
# Embed rule_statement + reasoning_summary so semantic search hits the
# rule directly rather than the surrounding chunk centroid.
embed_inputs = [
f"{h['rule_statement']}{h['reasoning_summary']}".strip("")
for h in cleaned
]
try:
vectors = await embeddings.embed_texts(embed_inputs, input_type="document")
except Exception as e:
logger.error("halacha_extractor: embeddings failed: %s", e)
vectors = [None] * len(cleaned)
for halacha, vec in zip(cleaned, vectors):
halacha["embedding"] = vec
stored = await db.store_halachot(case_law_id, cleaned)
verified = sum(1 for h in cleaned if h["quote_verified"])
await db.set_case_law_halacha_status(case_law_id, "completed")
logger.info(
"halacha_extractor: case_law=%s extracted=%d cleaned=%d verified=%d stored=%d",
case_law_id, len(raw_halachot), len(cleaned), verified, stored,
)
return {
"status": "completed",
"extracted": len(raw_halachot),
"valid": len(cleaned),
"verified": verified,
"stored": stored,
}