feat: Stage A finalizers + #35/#36/#37 — critical-gap closure

Four parallel sub-agents closed the remaining critical gaps from the
26/05 Stage A/B sprint. Each block independently tested; aggregated here.

## #30/#31 finalizers (sub-agent A)
* Auto-derive practice_area in case_create from case_number prefix
  (1xxx→rishuy_uvniya, 8xxx→betterment_levy, 9xxx→compensation_197);
  default for CaseCreateRequest is now "" (the DB constraint catches
  any stray "appeals_committee").
* practice_area.py: derive_subtype now handles axis-B domain values
  (rishuy_uvniya/betterment_levy/compensation_197) without parsing the
  case number; new helper derive_domain_practice_area().
* Halacha re-extraction verified unnecessary — all 6 reclassified
  records already had is_binding=false and approved halachot.
* Regression tests: 6 cases in tests/test_corpus_constraints.py
  covering practice_area enum, internal-committee chair/district,
  external-upload arar prefix, MCP guard.
* UI: district input → Select dropdown (7 districts) in
  precedent-edit-sheet.tsx, preserving legacy free-text values.

## #37 בל"מ subtypes (sub-agent B)
* 3 new appeal_subtypes: extension_request_{building_permit,
  betterment_levy,compensation}. APPEALS_COMMITTEE_SUBTYPES extended,
  SUBTYPES_BY_AREA mappings added.
* New helpers: is_blam_subject(), is_blam_subtype(),
  derive_subtype_with_blam(case_number, subject, practice_area).
  case_create now uses it to auto-detect "בקשה להארכת מועד" subjects.
* 3 methodology templates under docs/methodology/extension-request-*.md.
* paperclip_client.py mapping updated for the 3 new subtypes
  (extension_request_building_permit→CMP, the other two→CMPA).
* Frontend: bilingual "בל"מ" badge + filter dropdown on cases list +
  detail header; appeal-type-bars collapseBlam() merges בל"מ into its
  parent domain for aggregate bars.
* Wizard auto-detects בל"מ from subject during case creation.
* 3 Berlinger cases (1017/1018/1019-03-26) migrated to
  appeal_subtype=extension_request_building_permit via psql.

## #35 missing_precedents feature (sub-agent C)
* Schema V13: missing_precedents table (citation, case_id, party,
  legal_topic, status, linked_case_law_id, claim_quote, ...) +
  FK constraints + 3 indexes. Applied via psql + idempotent migration.
* 6 db.py service functions, 3 MCP tools, 6 FastAPI endpoints
  (POST/GET/PATCH/DELETE/upload — upload routes by citation prefix
  to ingest_internal_decision or ingest_precedent).
* Next.js page /missing-precedents with 5 status tabs + filters +
  sidebar badge counter + detail drawer with metadata edit + smart
  upload form that switches fields per committee/court.
* Bootstrap: 7 rows imported from the JSON file
  (3 citations × cases, all status=closed with linked_case_law_id).
* legal-researcher.md: new §2ב.5 with missing_precedent_create
  usage + dedup semantics + tool grant.

## #36 legal_arguments aggregation (sub-agent D)
* Schema V14: legal_arguments + legal_argument_propositions M:M.
  Applied via psql.
* New service argument_aggregator.py with two functions —
  aggregate_claims_to_arguments() (Claude CLI / claude_session) and
  get_legal_arguments(). Graceful llm_unavailable handling when CLI
  is missing (containers).
* 2 MCP tools + 2 API endpoints (POST .../aggregate-arguments as
  BackgroundTask, GET .../legal-arguments).
* Frontend: shadcn Accordion + new legal-arguments-panel.tsx with
  hierarchical (party → priority badge → arguments) display, "טיעונים"
  tab on the case page, "חשב/חשב מחדש" buttons.
* scripts/backfill_legal_arguments.py + SCRIPTS.md entry — dry-run
  found 8 candidate cases including 1017/1018/1019.

## Open follow-ups (intentionally deferred)
* npm run api:types in web-ui (CLAUDE.md flow) — recommended before
  the next UI commit; not required for backend deployment.
* Run backfill_legal_arguments.py --apply once the container picks up
  the new aggregator service.
* webhook on missing-precedents upload-close to Paperclip (optional).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

mcp-server/src/legal_mcp/tools/cases.py

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ async def case_create(
     hearing_date: str = "",
     notes: str = "",
     expected_outcome: str = "",
-    practice_area: str = "appeals_committee",
+    practice_area: str = "",
     appeal_subtype: str = "",
 ) -> str:
     """יצירת תיק ערר חדש.
@@ -145,7 +145,9 @@ async def case_create(
         hearing_date: תאריך דיון (YYYY-MM-DD)
         notes: הערות
         expected_outcome: תוצאה צפויה (rejection/partial_acceptance/full_acceptance/betterment_levy)
-        practice_area: תחום משפטי (appeals_committee / national_insurance / labor_law)
+        practice_area: תחום משפטי — domain value (rishuy_uvniya / betterment_levy /
+                        compensation_197). ריק או "appeals_committee" = יוסק
+                        אוטומטית ממספר התיק (1xxx→רישוי, 8xxx→השבחה, 9xxx→197)
         appeal_subtype: סוג ערר (building_permit / betterment_levy / compensation_197).
                         ריק = יוסק אוטומטית ממספר התיק
     """
@@ -155,8 +157,18 @@ async def case_create(
     if hearing_date:
         h_date = date_type.fromisoformat(hearing_date)
 
-    # Resolve appeal_subtype: explicit override > auto-derive > 'unknown'
-    derived_subtype = pa.derive_subtype(case_number, practice_area)
+    # Auto-derive practice_area when missing or set to the legacy multi-tenant
+    # value. The DB's cases_practice_area_check rejects 'appeals_committee',
+    # so we MUST map it to a domain value before INSERT. If derivation fails
+    # (unknown case number format), fall back to '' which the constraint allows.
+    if not practice_area or practice_area == "appeals_committee":
+        practice_area = pa.derive_domain_practice_area(case_number)
+
+    # Resolve appeal_subtype: explicit override > auto-derive > 'unknown'.
+    # derive_subtype_with_blam inspects the subject to detect בל"מ
+    # (בקשה להארכת מועד) and returns an extension_request_* variant when
+    # appropriate. Falls back to regular derive_subtype when subject is empty.
+    derived_subtype = pa.derive_subtype_with_blam(case_number, subject, practice_area)
     if not appeal_subtype:
         appeal_subtype = derived_subtype
     pa.validate(practice_area, appeal_subtype)

mcp-server/src/legal_mcp/tools/legal_arguments.py

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+"""MCP tools — aggregated legal arguments (claim de-duplication)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from legal_mcp.services import argument_aggregator, db
+
+
+async def aggregate_claims_to_arguments(
+    case_number: str,
+    force: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """כינוס פרופוזיציות גולמיות לטיעונים משפטיים מובחנים.
+
+    Args:
+        case_number: מספר תיק הערר.
+        force: True = למחוק טיעונים קיימים ולחשב מחדש.
+    """
+    case = await db.get_case_by_number(case_number)
+    if not case:
+        return json.dumps(
+            {"status": "error", "message": f"תיק {case_number} לא נמצא."},
+            ensure_ascii=False, indent=2,
+        )
+
+    case_id = UUID(case["id"])
+    result = await argument_aggregator.aggregate_claims_to_arguments(
+        case_id, force=force,
+    )
+    result["case_number"] = case_number
+    return json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2, default=str)
+
+
+async def get_legal_arguments(
+    case_number: str,
+    party: str = "",
+) -> str:
+    """שליפת טיעונים משפטיים מאוגדים לתיק.
+
+    Args:
+        case_number: מספר תיק הערר.
+        party: סינון לפי צד (appellant/respondent/committee/permit_applicant).
+               ריק = כל הצדדים.
+    """
+    case = await db.get_case_by_number(case_number)
+    if not case:
+        return json.dumps(
+            {"status": "error", "message": f"תיק {case_number} לא נמצא."},
+            ensure_ascii=False, indent=2,
+        )
+
+    case_id = UUID(case["id"])
+    args = await argument_aggregator.get_legal_arguments(case_id, party=party)
+
+    if not args:
+        return json.dumps({
+            "status": "empty",
+            "case_number": case_number,
+            "message": "לא נמצאו טיעונים מאוגדים. הרץ aggregate_claims_to_arguments תחילה.",
+            "arguments": [],
+        }, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
+
+    # Group by party for nicer display.
+    party_he = {
+        "appellant": "עוררים",
+        "respondent": "משיבים",
+        "committee": "ועדה מקומית",
+        "permit_applicant": "מבקשי היתר",
+        "unknown": "צד לא מזוהה",
+    }
+    by_party: dict[str, list[dict]] = {}
+    for a in args:
+        label = party_he.get(a["party"], a["party"])
+        by_party.setdefault(label, []).append(a)
+
+    return json.dumps({
+        "status": "ok",
+        "case_number": case_number,
+        "total": len(args),
+        "by_party": by_party,
+    }, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2, default=str)

mcp-server/src/legal_mcp/tools/missing_precedents.py

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+"""MCP tools for the missing-precedents log.
+
+When a researcher (or chair) finds a citation in a party brief that
+isn't yet in the precedent_library, they record it here so:
+
+1. The gap is visible in the UI (the chair can see all open citations
+   that need to be uploaded).
+2. The writer agent doesn't try to use a precedent that isn't in the
+   corpus — it knows the gap is being tracked.
+3. The chair has a clean closing workflow: upload the actual decision
+   via the precedent library / internal-decisions, then link it here.
+
+Three tools:
+- ``missing_precedent_create`` — log a new gap (researcher / chair).
+- ``missing_precedent_list`` — list open gaps (optionally filtered).
+- ``missing_precedent_close`` — close a gap (chair workflow).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from legal_mcp.services import db
+
+
+def _ok(payload) -> str:
+    return json.dumps(payload, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2, default=str)
+
+
+def _err(msg: str) -> str:
+    return json.dumps({"error": msg}, ensure_ascii=False)
+
+
+async def _resolve_case_id(case_number: str) -> UUID | None:
+    """Translate a human case_number (e.g. '1017-03-26') to a UUID."""
+    if not case_number or not case_number.strip():
+        return None
+    row = await db.get_case_by_number(case_number.strip())
+    if not row:
+        return None
+    return UUID(row["id"])
+
+
+async def missing_precedent_create(
+    citation: str,
+    case_number: str = "",
+    cited_in_document_id: str = "",
+    cited_by_party: str = "unknown",
+    cited_by_party_name: str = "",
+    legal_topic: str = "",
+    legal_issue: str = "",
+    claim_quote: str = "",
+    case_name: str = "",
+    notes: str = "",
+) -> str:
+    """תיעוד פסיקה שצוטטה אך אינה בקורפוס. הסוכן יוצר רשומה כשהוא מזהה ציטוט
+    שלא ניתן לאמת מול הקורפוס; היו"ר יסגור אותה לאחר העלאת המסמך.
+
+    Args:
+        citation: מראה המקום המלא (חובה).
+        case_number: מספר תיק הערר שבו צוטטה הפסיקה (לדוגמה '1017-03-26').
+        cited_in_document_id: UUID של המסמך שבו הציטוט מופיע (אופציונלי).
+        cited_by_party: appellant / respondent / committee / permit_applicant / unknown.
+        cited_by_party_name: שם הצד (כדי שיהיה ברור מי ציטט).
+        legal_topic: נושא משפטי קצר (לדוגמה "זכות עמידה").
+        legal_issue: שאלה משפטית מפורטת.
+        claim_quote: הציטוט בכתב הטענות.
+        case_name: שם קצר של פסק הדין החסר.
+        notes: הערות חופשיות.
+
+    Returns: JSON של הרשומה שנוצרה (כולל id) או error.
+    """
+    if not citation.strip():
+        return _err("citation חובה")
+
+    case_id = None
+    if case_number:
+        case_id = await _resolve_case_id(case_number)
+        if case_id is None:
+            return _err(f"תיק לא נמצא: {case_number}")
+
+    doc_uuid: UUID | None = None
+    if cited_in_document_id.strip():
+        try:
+            doc_uuid = UUID(cited_in_document_id.strip())
+        except ValueError:
+            return _err("cited_in_document_id לא תקין")
+
+    party = cited_by_party.strip() or "unknown"
+    if party not in db.ALLOWED_MP_PARTIES:
+        return _err(
+            f"cited_by_party לא תקין. ערכים תקפים: "
+            f"{', '.join(sorted(db.ALLOWED_MP_PARTIES))}"
+        )
+
+    # Deduplication: if a row already exists for the same citation in
+    # the same case, return that one rather than creating a duplicate.
+    existing = await db.find_missing_precedent_by_citation(
+        citation=citation.strip(),
+        case_id=case_id,
+    )
+    if existing:
+        return _ok({**existing, "_duplicate": True})
+
+    try:
+        row = await db.create_missing_precedent(
+            citation=citation.strip(),
+            case_name=case_name.strip() or None,
+            cited_in_case_id=case_id,
+            cited_in_document_id=doc_uuid,
+            cited_by_party=party,
+            cited_by_party_name=cited_by_party_name.strip() or None,
+            legal_topic=legal_topic.strip() or None,
+            legal_issue=legal_issue.strip() or None,
+            claim_quote=claim_quote.strip() or None,
+            notes=notes.strip() or None,
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        return _err(str(e))
+    return _ok(row)
+
+
+async def missing_precedent_list(
+    case_number: str = "",
+    status: str = "open",
+    legal_topic: str = "",
+    limit: int = 50,
+) -> str:
+    """רשימת פסיקות חסרות. ברירת מחדל = פתוחות בלבד.
+
+    Args:
+        case_number: סינון לפי תיק הערר שבו צוטטו.
+        status: open / uploaded / closed / irrelevant (ריק = הכל).
+        legal_topic: סינון לפי נושא משפטי (substring).
+        limit: מספר תוצאות מקסימלי.
+
+    Returns: JSON עם רשימת רשומות + linked_case_law_number אם נסגרו.
+    """
+    case_id = None
+    if case_number:
+        case_id = await _resolve_case_id(case_number)
+        if case_id is None:
+            return _err(f"תיק לא נמצא: {case_number}")
+
+    s = status.strip() or None
+    if s and s not in db.ALLOWED_MP_STATUS:
+        return _err(
+            f"status לא תקין. ערכים תקפים: "
+            f"{', '.join(sorted(db.ALLOWED_MP_STATUS))}"
+        )
+    try:
+        rows = await db.list_missing_precedents(
+            status=s,
+            case_id=case_id,
+            legal_topic=legal_topic.strip() or None,
+            limit=max(1, min(int(limit), 500)),
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        return _err(str(e))
+    return _ok({"items": rows, "count": len(rows)})
+
+
+async def missing_precedent_close(
+    id: str,
+    linked_case_law_id: str = "",
+    notes: str = "",
+    status: str = "closed",
+) -> str:
+    """סגירת רשומת פסיקה חסרה. ברירת מחדל = 'closed' + קישור ל-case_law.
+
+    Args:
+        id: UUID של הרשומה.
+        linked_case_law_id: UUID של הפסיקה שהועלתה ב-precedent_library / internal_decisions.
+        notes: הערות סגירה (לדוגמה "אינו רלוונטי" ל-status='irrelevant').
+        status: closed / uploaded / irrelevant.
+
+    Returns: JSON של הרשומה המעודכנת.
+    """
+    try:
+        mp_id = UUID(id.strip())
+    except ValueError:
+        return _err("id לא תקין")
+
+    cl_uuid: UUID | None = None
+    if linked_case_law_id.strip():
+        try:
+            cl_uuid = UUID(linked_case_law_id.strip())
+        except ValueError:
+            return _err("linked_case_law_id לא תקין")
+
+    status_clean = status.strip() or "closed"
+    if status_clean not in db.ALLOWED_MP_STATUS:
+        return _err(
+            f"status לא תקין. ערכים תקפים: "
+            f"{', '.join(sorted(db.ALLOWED_MP_STATUS))}"
+        )
+
+    try:
+        row = await db.close_missing_precedent(
+            mp_id=mp_id,
+            linked_case_law_id=cl_uuid,
+            notes=notes.strip() or None,
+            status=status_clean,
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        return _err(str(e))
+    if row is None:
+        return _err("רשומה לא נמצאה")
+    return _ok(row)