feat: Stage A finalizers + #35/#36/#37 — critical-gap closure

Four parallel sub-agents closed the remaining critical gaps from the
26/05 Stage A/B sprint. Each block independently tested; aggregated here.

## #30/#31 finalizers (sub-agent A)
* Auto-derive practice_area in case_create from case_number prefix
  (1xxx→rishuy_uvniya, 8xxx→betterment_levy, 9xxx→compensation_197);
  default for CaseCreateRequest is now "" (the DB constraint catches
  any stray "appeals_committee").
* practice_area.py: derive_subtype now handles axis-B domain values
  (rishuy_uvniya/betterment_levy/compensation_197) without parsing the
  case number; new helper derive_domain_practice_area().
* Halacha re-extraction verified unnecessary — all 6 reclassified
  records already had is_binding=false and approved halachot.
* Regression tests: 6 cases in tests/test_corpus_constraints.py
  covering practice_area enum, internal-committee chair/district,
  external-upload arar prefix, MCP guard.
* UI: district input → Select dropdown (7 districts) in
  precedent-edit-sheet.tsx, preserving legacy free-text values.

## #37 בל"מ subtypes (sub-agent B)
* 3 new appeal_subtypes: extension_request_{building_permit,
  betterment_levy,compensation}. APPEALS_COMMITTEE_SUBTYPES extended,
  SUBTYPES_BY_AREA mappings added.
* New helpers: is_blam_subject(), is_blam_subtype(),
  derive_subtype_with_blam(case_number, subject, practice_area).
  case_create now uses it to auto-detect "בקשה להארכת מועד" subjects.
* 3 methodology templates under docs/methodology/extension-request-*.md.
* paperclip_client.py mapping updated for the 3 new subtypes
  (extension_request_building_permit→CMP, the other two→CMPA).
* Frontend: bilingual "בל"מ" badge + filter dropdown on cases list +
  detail header; appeal-type-bars collapseBlam() merges בל"מ into its
  parent domain for aggregate bars.
* Wizard auto-detects בל"מ from subject during case creation.
* 3 Berlinger cases (1017/1018/1019-03-26) migrated to
  appeal_subtype=extension_request_building_permit via psql.

## #35 missing_precedents feature (sub-agent C)
* Schema V13: missing_precedents table (citation, case_id, party,
  legal_topic, status, linked_case_law_id, claim_quote, ...) +
  FK constraints + 3 indexes. Applied via psql + idempotent migration.
* 6 db.py service functions, 3 MCP tools, 6 FastAPI endpoints
  (POST/GET/PATCH/DELETE/upload — upload routes by citation prefix
  to ingest_internal_decision or ingest_precedent).
* Next.js page /missing-precedents with 5 status tabs + filters +
  sidebar badge counter + detail drawer with metadata edit + smart
  upload form that switches fields per committee/court.
* Bootstrap: 7 rows imported from the JSON file
  (3 citations × cases, all status=closed with linked_case_law_id).
* legal-researcher.md: new §2ב.5 with missing_precedent_create
  usage + dedup semantics + tool grant.

## #36 legal_arguments aggregation (sub-agent D)
* Schema V14: legal_arguments + legal_argument_propositions M:M.
  Applied via psql.
* New service argument_aggregator.py with two functions —
  aggregate_claims_to_arguments() (Claude CLI / claude_session) and
  get_legal_arguments(). Graceful llm_unavailable handling when CLI
  is missing (containers).
* 2 MCP tools + 2 API endpoints (POST .../aggregate-arguments as
  BackgroundTask, GET .../legal-arguments).
* Frontend: shadcn Accordion + new legal-arguments-panel.tsx with
  hierarchical (party → priority badge → arguments) display, "טיעונים"
  tab on the case page, "חשב/חשב מחדש" buttons.
* scripts/backfill_legal_arguments.py + SCRIPTS.md entry — dry-run
  found 8 candidate cases including 1017/1018/1019.

## Open follow-ups (intentionally deferred)
* npm run api:types in web-ui (CLAUDE.md flow) — recommended before
  the next UI commit; not required for backend deployment.
* Run backfill_legal_arguments.py --apply once the container picks up
  the new aggregator service.
* webhook on missing-precedents upload-close to Paperclip (optional).

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

mcp-server/src/legal_mcp/server.py

@@ -54,6 +54,8 @@ from legal_mcp.tools import (  # noqa: E402
     cases, documents, search, drafting, workflow, precedents,
     precedent_library as plib,
     internal_decisions as int_tools,
+    legal_arguments as la_tools,
+    missing_precedents as mp_tools,
 )
 
 
@@ -364,6 +366,28 @@ async def get_claims(
     return await documents.get_claims(case_number, party_role)
 
 
+# Legal arguments — aggregated (de-duped) propositions
+@mcp.tool()
+async def aggregate_claims_to_arguments(
+    case_number: str,
+    force: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """כינוס פרופוזיציות גולמיות (claims) לטיעונים משפטיים מובחנים — ~6-12 לכל צד.
+
+    משתמש ב-Claude headless לסיווג ואיגוד. force=True מוחק טיעונים קיימים לפני חישוב מחדש.
+    """
+    return await la_tools.aggregate_claims_to_arguments(case_number, force=force)
+
+
+@mcp.tool()
+async def get_legal_arguments(
+    case_number: str,
+    party: str = "",
+) -> str:
+    """שליפת טיעונים משפטיים מאוגדים. party: appellant/respondent/committee/permit_applicant (ריק=הכל)."""
+    return await la_tools.get_legal_arguments(case_number, party)
+
+
 # References
 @mcp.tool()
 async def extract_references(
@@ -703,6 +727,82 @@ async def internal_decision_upload(
     )
 
 
+# ── Missing precedents (TaskMaster #35) ───────────────────────────
+
+
+@mcp.tool()
+async def missing_precedent_create(
+    citation: str,
+    case_number: str = "",
+    cited_in_document_id: str = "",
+    cited_by_party: str = "unknown",
+    cited_by_party_name: str = "",
+    legal_topic: str = "",
+    legal_issue: str = "",
+    claim_quote: str = "",
+    case_name: str = "",
+    notes: str = "",
+) -> str:
+    """תיעוד פסיקה שצוטטה בכתבי הטענות אך אינה בקורפוס.
+
+    שימוש: סוכן המחקר (legal-researcher) קורא לזה כשהוא מזהה ציטוט שלא
+    ניתן לאמת מול הקורפוס. הרשומה נשארת 'open' עד שהיו"ר מעלה את הפסיקה.
+    cited_by_party: appellant / respondent / committee / permit_applicant / unknown.
+    דה-דופ אוטומטי: ציטוט+תיק זהים → מחזיר את הרשומה הקיימת.
+    """
+    return await mp_tools.missing_precedent_create(
+        citation=citation,
+        case_number=case_number,
+        cited_in_document_id=cited_in_document_id,
+        cited_by_party=cited_by_party,
+        cited_by_party_name=cited_by_party_name,
+        legal_topic=legal_topic,
+        legal_issue=legal_issue,
+        claim_quote=claim_quote,
+        case_name=case_name,
+        notes=notes,
+    )
+
+
+@mcp.tool()
+async def missing_precedent_list(
+    case_number: str = "",
+    status: str = "open",
+    legal_topic: str = "",
+    limit: int = 50,
+) -> str:
+    """רשימת פסיקות חסרות לתיק או בכלל. status: open/uploaded/closed/irrelevant.
+
+    שימוש: היו"ר רואה מה ממתין להעלאה; הסוכן מאשר שלא יוצר כפילויות.
+    """
+    return await mp_tools.missing_precedent_list(
+        case_number=case_number,
+        status=status,
+        legal_topic=legal_topic,
+        limit=limit,
+    )
+
+
+@mcp.tool()
+async def missing_precedent_close(
+    id: str,
+    linked_case_law_id: str = "",
+    notes: str = "",
+    status: str = "closed",
+) -> str:
+    """סגירת רשומת פסיקה חסרה לאחר העלאה לקורפוס.
+
+    status: closed (הועלה ונקשר) / uploaded (הועלה, ממתין לקישור) /
+    irrelevant (היו"ר החליט שזה לא רלוונטי לקורפוס).
+    """
+    return await mp_tools.missing_precedent_close(
+        id=id,
+        linked_case_law_id=linked_case_law_id,
+        notes=notes,
+        status=status,
+    )
+
+
 @mcp.tool()
 async def record_chair_feedback(
     case_number: str,

mcp-server/src/legal_mcp/services/argument_aggregator.py

@@ -0,0 +1,358 @@
+"""כינוס פרופוזיציות לטיעונים משפטיים מובחנים — argument de-duplication.
+
+Workflow:
+1. ``claims_extractor`` extracts ~20-30 raw propositions per litigation
+   brief into the ``claims`` table.
+2. This module groups those raw propositions, per party, into 6-12
+   distinct legal arguments via Claude headless (`claude_session`).
+3. The result is stored in ``legal_arguments`` plus ``legal_argument_
+   propositions`` (M:M join) so we keep traceability back to the source
+   claims.
+
+Manually de-duping 184 propositions in 3 cases yielded 82 arguments
+(~24/case) — see ``data/cases/{1017,1018,1019}-03-26/documents/research/
+legal-arguments.md`` for the gold standard.
+
+**Architectural constraint**: ``claude_session`` only works from the local
+MCP server (Claude CLI is not installed in the FastAPI container). Calls
+from ``web/`` must go through MCP tools; calls from MCP tools land here
+directly.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import logging
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from legal_mcp.services import claude_session, db
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+# Allowed enum values mirror the DB CHECK constraints.
+ALLOWED_PARTIES = {"appellant", "respondent", "committee", "permit_applicant", "unknown"}
+ALLOWED_PRIORITIES = {"threshold", "substantive", "procedural", "relief"}
+
+# Hebrew labels for the prompt (Claude needs context in the same
+# language as the source material).
+PARTY_LABELS_HE = {
+    "appellant": "עוררים",
+    "respondent": "משיבים",
+    "committee": "ועדה מקומית",
+    "permit_applicant": "מבקשי היתר",
+    "unknown": "צד לא מזוהה",
+}
+
+
+AGGREGATE_PROMPT_TEMPLATE = """אתה מנתח כתבי טענות בתחום תכנון ובנייה (ועדת ערר).
+
+לפניך {n} פרופוזיציות גולמיות שחולצו ממסמכי {party_he} בתיק ערר.
+מטרתך: לקבץ אותן ל-{target_min}-{target_max} **טיעונים משפטיים מובחנים**
+(ארגומנטים אמיתיים, לא חזרה מילולית של הפרופוזיציות).
+
+## כללי איגוד:
+1. **טיעון אמיתי = רעיון משפטי אחד** — לא רשימה של פרופוזיציות, אלא טענה משפטית עצמאית.
+2. **מקבצים פרופוזיציות שתומכות באותו רעיון משפטי** — גם אם הניסוח שלהן שונה.
+3. **מפרידים בין סוגי טענות**:
+   - **threshold** = טענות סף (זכות עמידה, סמכות, מועדים, שיהוי)
+   - **substantive** = טענות מהותיות (תחולת חוק, פרשנות, חישוב)
+   - **procedural** = פגמי הליך (פרסום, פרוטוקול, ניגוד עניינים)
+   - **relief** = סעדים מבוקשים / סיכומים
+4. **כותרת קצרה ובהירה** — תיאורית, לא משפטית מפורטת. 5-15 מילים.
+5. **גוף הטיעון בפסקה אחת** — 3-7 שורות עברית, נאמן למקור.
+6. **שמירת ה-claim_ids המקוריים** — לכל טיעון, רשום אילו פרופוזיציות תומכות בו.
+
+## פלט:
+החזר JSON בלבד (ללא markdown, ללא הסברים), array של אובייקטים:
+```
+[
+  {{
+    "title": "כותרת קצרה של הטיעון",
+    "body": "גוף הטיעון בפסקה אחת",
+    "topic": "סוגיה משפטית קצרה (לדוגמה: 'זכות עמידה', 'תחולת תמ\\"א 38')",
+    "priority": "threshold|substantive|procedural|relief",
+    "claim_ids": ["uuid-1", "uuid-2"]
+  }}
+]
+```
+
+## הפרופוזיציות:
+{propositions_json}
+"""
+
+
+def _build_prompt(party: str, propositions: list[dict]) -> str:
+    """Compose the per-party aggregation prompt."""
+    n = len(propositions)
+    # Conservative target: ~1 argument per 2-3 propositions, clamped 4-12.
+    target_min = max(4, n // 4)
+    target_max = max(target_min + 1, min(12, n // 2 + 1))
+
+    party_he = PARTY_LABELS_HE.get(party, party)
+    # Strip noise from propositions for the prompt — Claude only needs
+    # the id and the text to do the grouping.
+    compact = [
+        {"id": str(p["id"]), "text": p["claim_text"]}
+        for p in propositions
+    ]
+    propositions_json = json.dumps(compact, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
+
+    return AGGREGATE_PROMPT_TEMPLATE.format(
+        n=n,
+        party_he=party_he,
+        target_min=target_min,
+        target_max=target_max,
+        propositions_json=propositions_json,
+    )
+
+
+def _normalize_argument(raw: dict, fallback_topic: str = "") -> dict | None:
+    """Validate & normalize a single argument dict from Claude.
+
+    Returns None if the row is unusable (missing required fields).
+    """
+    if not isinstance(raw, dict):
+        return None
+    title = (raw.get("title") or "").strip()
+    body = (raw.get("body") or "").strip()
+    if not title or not body:
+        return None
+    priority = raw.get("priority", "substantive")
+    if priority not in ALLOWED_PRIORITIES:
+        priority = "substantive"
+    topic = (raw.get("topic") or fallback_topic or "").strip() or None
+    claim_ids_raw = raw.get("claim_ids") or []
+    claim_ids: list[UUID] = []
+    if isinstance(claim_ids_raw, list):
+        for cid in claim_ids_raw:
+            try:
+                claim_ids.append(UUID(str(cid)))
+            except (ValueError, TypeError):
+                continue
+    return {
+        "title": title,
+        "body": body,
+        "topic": topic,
+        "priority": priority,
+        "claim_ids": claim_ids,
+    }
+
+
+async def _aggregate_party(
+    party: str, propositions: list[dict],
+) -> list[dict]:
+    """Ask Claude to group one party's propositions; return normalized rows."""
+    if not propositions:
+        return []
+    prompt = _build_prompt(party, propositions)
+
+    try:
+        raw_result = await claude_session.query_json(prompt)
+    except RuntimeError as e:
+        # Surface CLI-unavailable specifically so the caller can report
+        # cleanly instead of crashing the whole job.
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            f"argument_aggregator: claude_session.query_json failed for party "
+            f"'{party}': {e}"
+        ) from e
+
+    if not isinstance(raw_result, list):
+        logger.warning(
+            "argument_aggregator: Claude returned non-list (%s) for party '%s'",
+            type(raw_result).__name__, party,
+        )
+        return []
+
+    out: list[dict] = []
+    for entry in raw_result:
+        norm = _normalize_argument(entry)
+        if norm:
+            out.append(norm)
+    return out
+
+
+async def aggregate_claims_to_arguments(
+    case_id: UUID, force: bool = False,
+) -> dict:
+    """For a given case, group existing claims into distinct legal arguments.
+
+    Args:
+        case_id: The case UUID.
+        force: If True, delete existing ``legal_arguments`` for the case
+            before aggregating. Otherwise short-circuit if any rows exist.
+
+    Returns:
+        A summary dict:
+        ``{"status": "completed"|"skipped"|"no_claims"|"llm_unavailable",
+           "by_party": {party: count}, "total": int, "message": ...}``
+    """
+    pool = await db.get_pool()
+
+    async with pool.acquire() as conn:
+        existing = await conn.fetchval(
+            "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM legal_arguments WHERE case_id = $1",
+            case_id,
+        )
+        if existing and not force:
+            return {
+                "status": "skipped",
+                "message": f"Found {existing} existing arguments. Use force=True to re-run.",
+                "total": existing,
+            }
+
+        if force and existing:
+            await conn.execute(
+                "DELETE FROM legal_arguments WHERE case_id = $1", case_id,
+            )
+
+        # Pull all claims for this case, grouped by party.
+        rows = await conn.fetch(
+            """SELECT id, party_role, claim_text, claim_index, source_document
+               FROM claims
+               WHERE case_id = $1
+               ORDER BY party_role, claim_index""",
+            case_id,
+        )
+
+    if not rows:
+        return {
+            "status": "no_claims",
+            "message": "No claims found for this case. Run extract_claims first.",
+            "total": 0,
+        }
+
+    # Group propositions by party.
+    by_party: dict[str, list[dict]] = {}
+    for r in rows:
+        party = r["party_role"]
+        # Map deprecated 'appraiser' or unknown labels to 'unknown'.
+        if party not in ALLOWED_PARTIES:
+            party = "unknown"
+        by_party.setdefault(party, []).append(dict(r))
+
+    party_counts: dict[str, int] = {}
+    inserted = 0
+    errors: list[str] = []
+
+    for party, props in by_party.items():
+        try:
+            arguments = await _aggregate_party(party, props)
+        except RuntimeError as e:
+            # Most likely cause: Claude CLI not installed (running from
+            # the container). Don't crash — record the gap and continue.
+            msg = str(e)
+            if "Claude CLI not found" in msg:
+                return {
+                    "status": "llm_unavailable",
+                    "message": (
+                        "Claude CLI not available. This service must run from "
+                        "the local MCP server (not the FastAPI container)."
+                    ),
+                    "total": 0,
+                }
+            errors.append(f"{party}: {msg}")
+            continue
+
+        if not arguments:
+            party_counts[party] = 0
+            continue
+
+        async with pool.acquire() as conn:
+            async with conn.transaction():
+                for idx, arg in enumerate(arguments):
+                    arg_id = await conn.fetchval(
+                        """INSERT INTO legal_arguments
+                            (case_id, party, argument_index, argument_title,
+                             argument_body, legal_topic, priority)
+                           VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7)
+                           RETURNING id""",
+                        case_id,
+                        party,
+                        idx + 1,
+                        arg["title"],
+                        arg["body"],
+                        arg["topic"],
+                        arg["priority"],
+                    )
+                    for cid in arg["claim_ids"]:
+                        try:
+                            await conn.execute(
+                                """INSERT INTO legal_argument_propositions
+                                    (argument_id, claim_id)
+                                   VALUES ($1, $2)
+                                   ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING""",
+                                arg_id, cid,
+                            )
+                        except Exception as e:  # noqa: BLE001
+                            # Likely FK violation if the LLM hallucinated
+                            # a claim_id. Log and continue.
+                            logger.warning(
+                                "argument_aggregator: skipped bad claim_id %s for arg %s: %s",
+                                cid, arg_id, e,
+                            )
+                    inserted += 1
+        party_counts[party] = len(arguments)
+
+    result: dict = {
+        "status": "completed",
+        "total": inserted,
+        "by_party": party_counts,
+        "propositions_processed": len(rows),
+    }
+    if errors:
+        result["errors"] = errors
+        result["status"] = "completed_with_errors"
+    return result
+
+
+async def get_legal_arguments(
+    case_id: UUID, party: str = "",
+) -> list[dict]:
+    """Return aggregated legal arguments for a case, optionally filtered by party.
+
+    Each row includes ``supporting_claims`` (list of source claim_ids).
+    """
+    pool = await db.get_pool()
+    async with pool.acquire() as conn:
+        if party and party in ALLOWED_PARTIES:
+            rows = await conn.fetch(
+                """SELECT id, case_id, party, argument_index, argument_title,
+                          argument_body, legal_topic, priority, cited_precedents,
+                          created_at, updated_at
+                   FROM legal_arguments
+                   WHERE case_id = $1 AND party = $2
+                   ORDER BY priority, argument_index""",
+                case_id, party,
+            )
+        else:
+            rows = await conn.fetch(
+                """SELECT id, case_id, party, argument_index, argument_title,
+                          argument_body, legal_topic, priority, cited_precedents,
+                          created_at, updated_at
+                   FROM legal_arguments
+                   WHERE case_id = $1
+                   ORDER BY party, priority, argument_index""",
+                case_id,
+            )
+
+        # Pull supporting claim ids for each argument in one round-trip.
+        arg_ids = [r["id"] for r in rows]
+        supporting: dict[UUID, list[str]] = {}
+        if arg_ids:
+            joins = await conn.fetch(
+                """SELECT argument_id, claim_id
+                   FROM legal_argument_propositions
+                   WHERE argument_id = ANY($1::uuid[])""",
+                arg_ids,
+            )
+            for j in joins:
+                supporting.setdefault(j["argument_id"], []).append(str(j["claim_id"]))
+
+    out: list[dict] = []
+    for r in rows:
+        d = dict(r)
+        d["id"] = str(d["id"])
+        d["case_id"] = str(d["case_id"])
+        d["supporting_claims"] = supporting.get(r["id"], [])
+        out.append(d)
+    return out

mcp-server/src/legal_mcp/services/db.py

@@ -745,6 +745,84 @@ CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_halachot_tsv
 """
 
 
+# ── V13: Missing precedents log ───────────────────────────────────
+# Track citations that the parties brought up but which are NOT yet in
+# the precedent_library. Created by the researcher (auto or chair)
+# whenever a citation can't be found in the corpus; closed by uploading
+# the actual decision via internal_decision_upload or
+# precedent_library_upload, at which point linked_case_law_id points to
+# the new case_law row and status flips to 'closed'.
+SCHEMA_V13_SQL = """
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS missing_precedents (
+    id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
+    citation TEXT NOT NULL,
+    case_name TEXT,
+    cited_in_case_id UUID REFERENCES cases(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    cited_in_document_id UUID REFERENCES documents(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    cited_by_party TEXT CHECK (cited_by_party IN (
+        'appellant', 'respondent', 'committee', 'permit_applicant', 'unknown'
+    )),
+    cited_by_party_name TEXT,
+    legal_topic TEXT,
+    legal_issue TEXT,
+    claim_quote TEXT,
+    status TEXT DEFAULT 'open' CHECK (status IN (
+        'open', 'uploaded', 'closed', 'irrelevant'
+    )),
+    linked_case_law_id UUID REFERENCES case_law(id) ON DELETE SET NULL,
+    closed_at TIMESTAMPTZ,
+    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW(),
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW(),
+    notes TEXT
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_missing_precedents_case
+    ON missing_precedents(cited_in_case_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_missing_precedents_status
+    ON missing_precedents(status);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_missing_precedents_citation
+    ON missing_precedents(citation);
+"""
+
+
+# ── V14: Legal arguments (aggregated propositions) ────────────────
+# After ``claims_extractor`` extracts raw propositions (rows in ``claims``)
+# the LLM-driven aggregator groups them into ~6-12 distinct legal arguments
+# per party. ``legal_arguments`` holds the consolidated argument; the M:M
+# join table ``legal_argument_propositions`` links back to the source
+# propositions for traceability ("which raw claims feed this argument?").
+SCHEMA_V14_SQL = """
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS legal_arguments (
+    id UUID PRIMARY KEY DEFAULT gen_random_uuid(),
+    case_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES cases(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    party TEXT NOT NULL CHECK (party IN (
+        'appellant', 'respondent', 'committee', 'permit_applicant', 'unknown'
+    )),
+    argument_index INTEGER NOT NULL,
+    argument_title TEXT NOT NULL,
+    argument_body TEXT NOT NULL,
+    legal_topic TEXT,
+    priority TEXT DEFAULT 'substantive' CHECK (priority IN (
+        'threshold', 'substantive', 'procedural', 'relief'
+    )),
+    cited_precedents TEXT[],
+    created_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW(),
+    updated_at TIMESTAMPTZ DEFAULT NOW()
+);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_legal_arguments_case
+    ON legal_arguments(case_id);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_legal_arguments_party
+    ON legal_arguments(case_id, party);
+
+-- M:M back to ``claims`` (raw propositions).
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS legal_argument_propositions (
+    argument_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES legal_arguments(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    claim_id UUID NOT NULL REFERENCES claims(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+    PRIMARY KEY (argument_id, claim_id)
+);
+"""
+
+
 async def _run_schema_migrations(pool: asyncpg.Pool) -> None:
     async with pool.acquire() as conn:
         await conn.execute(SCHEMA_SQL)
@@ -760,7 +838,9 @@ async def _run_schema_migrations(pool: asyncpg.Pool) -> None:
         await conn.execute(SCHEMA_V10_SQL)
         await conn.execute(SCHEMA_V11_SQL)
         await conn.execute(SCHEMA_V12_SQL)
-    logger.info("Database schema initialized (v1-v12)")
+        await conn.execute(SCHEMA_V13_SQL)
+        await conn.execute(SCHEMA_V14_SQL)
+    logger.info("Database schema initialized (v1-v14)")
 
 
 async def init_schema() -> None:
@@ -782,7 +862,10 @@ async def create_case(
     hearing_date: date | None = None,
     notes: str = "",
     expected_outcome: str = "",
-    practice_area: str = "appeals_committee",
+    # Default "" — DB CHECK constraint accepts empty, the upstream tool
+    # (cases.case_create) is responsible for deriving the domain value
+    # from the case_number prefix before calling here.
+    practice_area: str = "",
     appeal_subtype: str = "",
 ) -> dict:
     pool = await get_pool()
@@ -3106,3 +3189,228 @@ async def search_precedent_library_hybrid(
         merged.append(d)
     merged.sort(key=lambda x: -x["score"])
     return merged[:limit]
+
+
+# ── Missing precedents (V13) ───────────────────────────────────────
+# Track citations from party briefs that aren't yet in the corpus.
+# Lifecycle: 'open' → researcher logs gap → chair uploads decision
+# → status='uploaded' (file ingested) → status='closed' (linked to
+# case_law row). 'irrelevant' = chair decided the citation isn't worth
+# adding to the library.
+
+ALLOWED_MP_PARTIES = {
+    "appellant", "respondent", "committee", "permit_applicant", "unknown",
+}
+ALLOWED_MP_STATUS = {"open", "uploaded", "closed", "irrelevant"}
+
+
+def _row_to_missing_precedent(row: asyncpg.Record) -> dict:
+    d = dict(row)
+    d["id"] = str(d["id"])
+    if d.get("cited_in_case_id") is not None:
+        d["cited_in_case_id"] = str(d["cited_in_case_id"])
+    if d.get("cited_in_document_id") is not None:
+        d["cited_in_document_id"] = str(d["cited_in_document_id"])
+    if d.get("linked_case_law_id") is not None:
+        d["linked_case_law_id"] = str(d["linked_case_law_id"])
+    return d
+
+
+async def create_missing_precedent(
+    citation: str,
+    case_name: str | None = None,
+    cited_in_case_id: UUID | None = None,
+    cited_in_document_id: UUID | None = None,
+    cited_by_party: str | None = None,
+    cited_by_party_name: str | None = None,
+    legal_topic: str | None = None,
+    legal_issue: str | None = None,
+    claim_quote: str | None = None,
+    notes: str | None = None,
+) -> dict:
+    """Create a new missing-precedent row (status='open' by default)."""
+    if not citation.strip():
+        raise ValueError("citation is required")
+    if cited_by_party and cited_by_party not in ALLOWED_MP_PARTIES:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"cited_by_party must be one of {sorted(ALLOWED_MP_PARTIES)}"
+        )
+    pool = await get_pool()
+    async with pool.acquire() as conn:
+        row = await conn.fetchrow(
+            """INSERT INTO missing_precedents (
+                citation, case_name, cited_in_case_id, cited_in_document_id,
+                cited_by_party, cited_by_party_name, legal_topic, legal_issue,
+                claim_quote, notes
+            )
+            VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7, $8, $9, $10)
+            RETURNING *""",
+            citation.strip(), case_name, cited_in_case_id, cited_in_document_id,
+            cited_by_party, cited_by_party_name, legal_topic, legal_issue,
+            claim_quote, notes,
+        )
+    return _row_to_missing_precedent(row)
+
+
+async def list_missing_precedents(
+    status: str | None = None,
+    case_id: UUID | None = None,
+    legal_topic: str | None = None,
+    limit: int = 200,
+    offset: int = 0,
+) -> list[dict]:
+    """List missing precedents, joining the cited-in case_number for display."""
+    pool = await get_pool()
+    conditions: list[str] = []
+    params: list = []
+    idx = 1
+    if status:
+        conditions.append(f"mp.status = ${idx}")
+        params.append(status)
+        idx += 1
+    if case_id:
+        conditions.append(f"mp.cited_in_case_id = ${idx}")
+        params.append(case_id)
+        idx += 1
+    if legal_topic:
+        conditions.append(f"mp.legal_topic ILIKE ${idx}")
+        params.append(f"%{legal_topic}%")
+        idx += 1
+    where = f"WHERE {' AND '.join(conditions)}" if conditions else ""
+    params.append(limit)
+    params.append(offset)
+    sql = f"""
+        SELECT mp.*,
+               c.case_number AS cited_in_case_number,
+               cl.case_number AS linked_case_law_number,
+               cl.case_name AS linked_case_law_name
+        FROM missing_precedents mp
+        LEFT JOIN cases c ON c.id = mp.cited_in_case_id
+        LEFT JOIN case_law cl ON cl.id = mp.linked_case_law_id
+        {where}
+        ORDER BY
+            CASE mp.status
+                WHEN 'open' THEN 0
+                WHEN 'uploaded' THEN 1
+                WHEN 'closed' THEN 2
+                WHEN 'irrelevant' THEN 3
+            END,
+            mp.created_at DESC
+        LIMIT ${idx} OFFSET ${idx + 1}
+    """
+    async with pool.acquire() as conn:
+        rows = await conn.fetch(sql, *params)
+    return [_row_to_missing_precedent(r) for r in rows]
+
+
+async def get_missing_precedent(mp_id: UUID) -> dict | None:
+    pool = await get_pool()
+    async with pool.acquire() as conn:
+        row = await conn.fetchrow(
+            """
+            SELECT mp.*,
+                   c.case_number AS cited_in_case_number,
+                   cl.case_number AS linked_case_law_number,
+                   cl.case_name AS linked_case_law_name
+            FROM missing_precedents mp
+            LEFT JOIN cases c ON c.id = mp.cited_in_case_id
+            LEFT JOIN case_law cl ON cl.id = mp.linked_case_law_id
+            WHERE mp.id = $1
+            """,
+            mp_id,
+        )
+    return _row_to_missing_precedent(row) if row else None
+
+
+async def update_missing_precedent(mp_id: UUID, **fields) -> dict | None:
+    """Patch a missing-precedent row. Allowed fields: legal_topic,
+    legal_issue, notes, cited_by_party, cited_by_party_name, case_name,
+    status, linked_case_law_id, closed_at."""
+    if not fields:
+        return await get_missing_precedent(mp_id)
+    allowed = {
+        "legal_topic", "legal_issue", "notes", "cited_by_party",
+        "cited_by_party_name", "case_name", "status", "linked_case_law_id",
+        "closed_at", "claim_quote", "citation",
+    }
+    clean = {k: v for k, v in fields.items() if k in allowed}
+    if not clean:
+        return await get_missing_precedent(mp_id)
+    if "status" in clean and clean["status"] not in ALLOWED_MP_STATUS:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"status must be one of {sorted(ALLOWED_MP_STATUS)}"
+        )
+    if "cited_by_party" in clean and clean["cited_by_party"] and \
+            clean["cited_by_party"] not in ALLOWED_MP_PARTIES:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"cited_by_party must be one of {sorted(ALLOWED_MP_PARTIES)}"
+        )
+    set_clauses = []
+    values = []
+    for i, (key, val) in enumerate(clean.items(), start=2):
+        set_clauses.append(f"{key} = ${i}")
+        values.append(val)
+    set_clauses.append("updated_at = now()")
+    sql = (
+        f"UPDATE missing_precedents SET {', '.join(set_clauses)} "
+        f"WHERE id = $1 RETURNING *"
+    )
+    pool = await get_pool()
+    async with pool.acquire() as conn:
+        row = await conn.fetchrow(sql, mp_id, *values)
+    return _row_to_missing_precedent(row) if row else None
+
+
+async def close_missing_precedent(
+    mp_id: UUID,
+    linked_case_law_id: UUID | None = None,
+    notes: str | None = None,
+    status: str = "closed",
+) -> dict | None:
+    """Mark a missing-precedent row as closed (or 'uploaded'/'irrelevant')
+    and link it to a case_law row if provided."""
+    if status not in ALLOWED_MP_STATUS:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"status must be one of {sorted(ALLOWED_MP_STATUS)}"
+        )
+    pool = await get_pool()
+    async with pool.acquire() as conn:
+        sets = ["status = $2", "closed_at = now()", "updated_at = now()"]
+        params: list = [mp_id, status]
+        idx = 3
+        if linked_case_law_id is not None:
+            sets.append(f"linked_case_law_id = ${idx}")
+            params.append(linked_case_law_id)
+            idx += 1
+        if notes is not None:
+            sets.append(f"notes = ${idx}")
+            params.append(notes)
+            idx += 1
+        sql = (
+            f"UPDATE missing_precedents SET {', '.join(sets)} "
+            f"WHERE id = $1 RETURNING *"
+        )
+        row = await conn.fetchrow(sql, *params)
+    return _row_to_missing_precedent(row) if row else None
+
+
+async def find_missing_precedent_by_citation(
+    citation: str,
+    case_id: UUID | None = None,
+) -> dict | None:
+    """Look up an existing row by citation string (exact match) and optionally
+    cited-in case_id. Used to deduplicate auto-creation by the researcher."""
+    pool = await get_pool()
+    async with pool.acquire() as conn:
+        if case_id is not None:
+            row = await conn.fetchrow(
+                "SELECT * FROM missing_precedents "
+                "WHERE citation = $1 AND cited_in_case_id = $2 LIMIT 1",
+                citation.strip(), case_id,
+            )
+        else:
+            row = await conn.fetchrow(
+                "SELECT * FROM missing_precedents WHERE citation = $1 LIMIT 1",
+                citation.strip(),
+            )
+    return _row_to_missing_precedent(row) if row else None

mcp-server/src/legal_mcp/services/practice_area.py

@@ -52,16 +52,44 @@ DOMAIN_PRACTICE_AREAS: set[str] = {
     "compensation_197",
 }
 
-# Union — what ``validate()`` accepts for backward-compat
-PRACTICE_AREAS: set[str] = MULTI_TENANT_PRACTICE_AREAS | DOMAIN_PRACTICE_AREAS
+# Union — what ``validate()`` accepts for backward-compat.
+# Empty string is permitted because the DB CHECK constraint allows it as
+# a "not yet classified" sentinel (e.g. when auto-derivation fails on an
+# unrecognized case_number format).
+PRACTICE_AREAS: set[str] = MULTI_TENANT_PRACTICE_AREAS | DOMAIN_PRACTICE_AREAS | {""}
 
 APPEALS_COMMITTEE_SUBTYPES: set[str] = {
     "building_permit",
     "betterment_levy",
     "compensation_197",
+    # בל"מ — בקשה להארכת מועד להגשת ערר. מסלולים נפרדים לפי domain:
+    "extension_request_building_permit",  # 1xxx — סעיף 152, 30 ימים
+    "extension_request_betterment_levy",  # 8xxx — סעיף 14 לתוספת ג', 45 ימים
+    "extension_request_compensation",     # 9xxx — סעיף 198(ד), 30 ימים
     "unknown",
 }
 
+# בל"מ subtypes — קל לזהות ע"י prefix
+BLAM_SUBTYPES: set[str] = {
+    "extension_request_building_permit",
+    "extension_request_betterment_levy",
+    "extension_request_compensation",
+}
+
+# מיפוי domain → בל"מ subtype
+_DOMAIN_TO_BLAM_SUBTYPE: dict[str, str] = {
+    "rishuy_uvniya": "extension_request_building_permit",
+    "betterment_levy": "extension_request_betterment_levy",
+    "compensation_197": "extension_request_compensation",
+}
+
+# מיפוי first-digit → בל"מ subtype (אותו מבנה כמו _APPEALS_COMMITTEE_DIGIT_TO_SUBTYPE)
+_APPEALS_COMMITTEE_DIGIT_TO_BLAM = {
+    "1": "extension_request_building_permit",
+    "8": "extension_request_betterment_levy",
+    "9": "extension_request_compensation",
+}
+
 DEFAULT_PRACTICE_AREA = "appeals_committee"
 
 # Subtypes per practice_area (extend when adding domains)
@@ -70,9 +98,11 @@ SUBTYPES_BY_AREA: dict[str, set[str]] = {
     "national_insurance": {"unknown"},
     "labor_law": {"unknown"},
     # Domain values — subtype is implicit in the value itself
-    "rishuy_uvniya": {"building_permit", "unknown"},
-    "betterment_levy": {"betterment_levy", "unknown"},
-    "compensation_197": {"compensation_197", "unknown"},
+    "rishuy_uvniya": {"building_permit", "extension_request_building_permit", "unknown"},
+    "betterment_levy": {"betterment_levy", "extension_request_betterment_levy", "unknown"},
+    "compensation_197": {"compensation_197", "extension_request_compensation", "unknown"},
+    # Empty (unclassified) — allow any of the appeals_committee subtypes
+    "": APPEALS_COMMITTEE_SUBTYPES,
 }
 
 # Mapping: (multi_tenant_pa, appeal_subtype) → domain_pa
@@ -80,9 +110,39 @@ _SUBTYPE_TO_DOMAIN: dict[str, str] = {
     "building_permit": "rishuy_uvniya",
     "betterment_levy": "betterment_levy",
     "compensation_197": "compensation_197",
+    "extension_request_building_permit": "rishuy_uvniya",
+    "extension_request_betterment_levy": "betterment_levy",
+    "extension_request_compensation": "compensation_197",
 }
 
 
+# Regex לזיהוי "בקשה להארכת מועד" בנושא הערר (subject) —
+# וריאציות נפוצות. case-insensitive, מתחשב במרכאות חכמות/רגילות.
+_BLAM_SUBJECT_PATTERNS = (
+    re.compile(r"בקשה\s+להארכת\s+מועד", re.IGNORECASE),
+    re.compile(r"בל[\"״״]מ", re.IGNORECASE),   # בל"מ עם quote variants
+    re.compile(r"הארכת\s+מועד\s+להגשת", re.IGNORECASE),
+)
+
+
+def is_blam_subject(subject: str) -> bool:
+    """True iff subject indicates a בל"מ (extension-of-time request).
+
+    מזהה: "בקשה להארכת מועד", "בל\"מ", "הארכת מועד להגשת..."
+
+    Examples:
+        >>> is_blam_subject("בל\"מ אלחנן ברלינגר נ' לינדאב")
+        True
+        >>> is_blam_subject("בקשה להארכת מועד להגשת ערר")
+        True
+        >>> is_blam_subject("היתר בנייה ברחוב X")
+        False
+    """
+    if not subject:
+        return False
+    return any(p.search(subject) for p in _BLAM_SUBJECT_PATTERNS)
+
+
 def to_db_practice_area(practice_area: str, appeal_subtype: str = "") -> str:
     """Convert a multi-tenant practice_area + appeal_subtype to the
     domain value stored in DB columns (case_law/cases).
@@ -120,14 +180,28 @@ _CASE_NUM = re.compile(r"(?:ARAR[-\s]*\d{2}[-\s]*(?:\d{2}[-\s]*)?)(\d{4})", re.I
 _PLAIN_NUM = re.compile(r"(\d{4})")
 
 
+_DOMAIN_TO_SUBTYPE: dict[str, str] = {
+    "rishuy_uvniya": "building_permit",
+    "betterment_levy": "betterment_levy",
+    "compensation_197": "compensation_197",
+}
+
+
 def derive_subtype(case_number: str, practice_area: str = DEFAULT_PRACTICE_AREA) -> str:
     """Infer the appeal_subtype from case_number.
 
-    For appeals_committee, the convention is:
+    For appeals_committee (axis A), the convention is:
       1xxx → building_permit, 8xxx → betterment_levy, 9xxx → compensation_197.
 
+    For domain values (axis B — rishuy_uvniya/betterment_levy/compensation_197),
+    the subtype is implicit in the practice_area itself — we map directly
+    without parsing the case number.
+
     Handles multiple formats: ARAR-25-8126, 8126/25, 1170, ערר 1024-25.
     """
+    # Axis B: practice_area is already a domain value — map directly.
+    if practice_area in DOMAIN_PRACTICE_AREAS:
+        return _DOMAIN_TO_SUBTYPE.get(practice_area, "unknown")
     if practice_area != "appeals_committee":
         return "unknown"
     cn = case_number or ""
@@ -142,6 +216,82 @@ def derive_subtype(case_number: str, practice_area: str = DEFAULT_PRACTICE_AREA)
     return _APPEALS_COMMITTEE_DIGIT_TO_SUBTYPE.get(first_digit, "unknown")
 
 
+def derive_subtype_with_blam(
+    case_number: str,
+    subject: str = "",
+    practice_area: str = DEFAULT_PRACTICE_AREA,
+) -> str:
+    """Like ``derive_subtype()`` but also detects בל"מ from the subject.
+
+    If ``subject`` indicates a בקשה להארכת מועד, the returned subtype is
+    one of the ``extension_request_*`` values (chosen per case_number /
+    practice_area). Otherwise behaviour matches ``derive_subtype()``.
+
+    Examples:
+        >>> derive_subtype_with_blam("1017-03-26", "בל\"מ ברלינגר נ' לינדאב")
+        'extension_request_building_permit'
+        >>> derive_subtype_with_blam("8500-25", "בקשה להארכת מועד")
+        'extension_request_betterment_levy'
+        >>> derive_subtype_with_blam("1033-25", "ערר על החלטת ועדה")
+        'building_permit'
+    """
+    base = derive_subtype(case_number, practice_area)
+    if not is_blam_subject(subject):
+        return base
+    # subject says it's בל"מ — return the matching extension_request_* variant.
+    # For domain practice_area (axis B), use the direct mapping.
+    if practice_area in DOMAIN_PRACTICE_AREAS:
+        return _DOMAIN_TO_BLAM_SUBTYPE.get(practice_area, base)
+    # For appeals_committee (axis A), derive from case_number digit.
+    if practice_area == "appeals_committee":
+        cn = case_number or ""
+        m = _CASE_NUM.search(cn) or _PLAIN_NUM.search(cn)
+        if m:
+            first_digit = m.group(1)[0]
+            blam = _APPEALS_COMMITTEE_DIGIT_TO_BLAM.get(first_digit)
+            if blam:
+                return blam
+    return base
+
+
+def is_blam_subtype(appeal_subtype: str) -> bool:
+    """True iff appeal_subtype is one of the extension_request_* variants.
+
+    Useful for UI badges and routing logic that need to detect בל"מ cases
+    regardless of which domain they belong to.
+    """
+    return appeal_subtype in BLAM_SUBTYPES
+
+
+def derive_domain_practice_area(case_number: str) -> str:
+    """Map a case_number prefix to a domain practice_area (axis B).
+
+    Returns:
+        ``"rishuy_uvniya"`` for 1xxx, ``"betterment_levy"`` for 8xxx,
+        ``"compensation_197"`` for 9xxx, or ``""`` when the prefix is
+        unrecognized (caller decides the fallback).
+
+    Examples:
+        >>> derive_domain_practice_area("8126/25")
+        'betterment_levy'
+        >>> derive_domain_practice_area("1170")
+        'rishuy_uvniya'
+        >>> derive_domain_practice_area("ARAR-24-01-9007")
+        'compensation_197'
+        >>> derive_domain_practice_area("foo")
+        ''
+    """
+    cn = case_number or ""
+    m = _CASE_NUM.search(cn) or _PLAIN_NUM.search(cn)
+    if not m:
+        return ""
+    first_digit = m.group(1)[0]
+    subtype = _APPEALS_COMMITTEE_DIGIT_TO_SUBTYPE.get(first_digit)
+    if not subtype:
+        return ""
+    return _SUBTYPE_TO_DOMAIN.get(subtype, "")
+
+
 # ── Validation ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
 
@@ -164,6 +314,20 @@ def validate(practice_area: str, appeal_subtype: str | None) -> None:
 
 def is_override(case_number: str, practice_area: str, appeal_subtype: str) -> bool:
     """True iff the user-supplied subtype disagrees with what derive_subtype
-    would have produced (and the derived value is not 'unknown')."""
+    would have produced (and the derived value is not 'unknown').
+
+    Note: בל"מ variants (extension_request_*) are NOT considered overrides
+    of their parent domain — extension_request_building_permit on a 1xxx
+    case is consistent with the case-number convention.
+    """
     derived = derive_subtype(case_number, practice_area)
-    return derived != "unknown" and derived != appeal_subtype
+    if derived == "unknown":
+        return False
+    if derived == appeal_subtype:
+        return False
+    # בל"מ variants of the same domain are not overrides.
+    if appeal_subtype in BLAM_SUBTYPES:
+        # extension_request_building_permit ↔ building_permit (1xxx) — same domain
+        if _SUBTYPE_TO_DOMAIN.get(appeal_subtype) == _SUBTYPE_TO_DOMAIN.get(derived):
+            return False
+    return True

mcp-server/src/legal_mcp/tools/cases.py

@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@ async def case_create(
     hearing_date: str = "",
     notes: str = "",
     expected_outcome: str = "",
-    practice_area: str = "appeals_committee",
+    practice_area: str = "",
     appeal_subtype: str = "",
 ) -> str:
     """יצירת תיק ערר חדש.
@@ -145,7 +145,9 @@ async def case_create(
         hearing_date: תאריך דיון (YYYY-MM-DD)
         notes: הערות
         expected_outcome: תוצאה צפויה (rejection/partial_acceptance/full_acceptance/betterment_levy)
-        practice_area: תחום משפטי (appeals_committee / national_insurance / labor_law)
+        practice_area: תחום משפטי — domain value (rishuy_uvniya / betterment_levy /
+                        compensation_197). ריק או "appeals_committee" = יוסק
+                        אוטומטית ממספר התיק (1xxx→רישוי, 8xxx→השבחה, 9xxx→197)
         appeal_subtype: סוג ערר (building_permit / betterment_levy / compensation_197).
                         ריק = יוסק אוטומטית ממספר התיק
     """
@@ -155,8 +157,18 @@ async def case_create(
     if hearing_date:
         h_date = date_type.fromisoformat(hearing_date)
 
-    # Resolve appeal_subtype: explicit override > auto-derive > 'unknown'
-    derived_subtype = pa.derive_subtype(case_number, practice_area)
+    # Auto-derive practice_area when missing or set to the legacy multi-tenant
+    # value. The DB's cases_practice_area_check rejects 'appeals_committee',
+    # so we MUST map it to a domain value before INSERT. If derivation fails
+    # (unknown case number format), fall back to '' which the constraint allows.
+    if not practice_area or practice_area == "appeals_committee":
+        practice_area = pa.derive_domain_practice_area(case_number)
+
+    # Resolve appeal_subtype: explicit override > auto-derive > 'unknown'.
+    # derive_subtype_with_blam inspects the subject to detect בל"מ
+    # (בקשה להארכת מועד) and returns an extension_request_* variant when
+    # appropriate. Falls back to regular derive_subtype when subject is empty.
+    derived_subtype = pa.derive_subtype_with_blam(case_number, subject, practice_area)
     if not appeal_subtype:
         appeal_subtype = derived_subtype
     pa.validate(practice_area, appeal_subtype)

mcp-server/src/legal_mcp/tools/legal_arguments.py

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+"""MCP tools — aggregated legal arguments (claim de-duplication)."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from legal_mcp.services import argument_aggregator, db
+
+
+async def aggregate_claims_to_arguments(
+    case_number: str,
+    force: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """כינוס פרופוזיציות גולמיות לטיעונים משפטיים מובחנים.
+
+    Args:
+        case_number: מספר תיק הערר.
+        force: True = למחוק טיעונים קיימים ולחשב מחדש.
+    """
+    case = await db.get_case_by_number(case_number)
+    if not case:
+        return json.dumps(
+            {"status": "error", "message": f"תיק {case_number} לא נמצא."},
+            ensure_ascii=False, indent=2,
+        )
+
+    case_id = UUID(case["id"])
+    result = await argument_aggregator.aggregate_claims_to_arguments(
+        case_id, force=force,
+    )
+    result["case_number"] = case_number
+    return json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2, default=str)
+
+
+async def get_legal_arguments(
+    case_number: str,
+    party: str = "",
+) -> str:
+    """שליפת טיעונים משפטיים מאוגדים לתיק.
+
+    Args:
+        case_number: מספר תיק הערר.
+        party: סינון לפי צד (appellant/respondent/committee/permit_applicant).
+               ריק = כל הצדדים.
+    """
+    case = await db.get_case_by_number(case_number)
+    if not case:
+        return json.dumps(
+            {"status": "error", "message": f"תיק {case_number} לא נמצא."},
+            ensure_ascii=False, indent=2,
+        )
+
+    case_id = UUID(case["id"])
+    args = await argument_aggregator.get_legal_arguments(case_id, party=party)
+
+    if not args:
+        return json.dumps({
+            "status": "empty",
+            "case_number": case_number,
+            "message": "לא נמצאו טיעונים מאוגדים. הרץ aggregate_claims_to_arguments תחילה.",
+            "arguments": [],
+        }, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
+
+    # Group by party for nicer display.
+    party_he = {
+        "appellant": "עוררים",
+        "respondent": "משיבים",
+        "committee": "ועדה מקומית",
+        "permit_applicant": "מבקשי היתר",
+        "unknown": "צד לא מזוהה",
+    }
+    by_party: dict[str, list[dict]] = {}
+    for a in args:
+        label = party_he.get(a["party"], a["party"])
+        by_party.setdefault(label, []).append(a)
+
+    return json.dumps({
+        "status": "ok",
+        "case_number": case_number,
+        "total": len(args),
+        "by_party": by_party,
+    }, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2, default=str)

mcp-server/src/legal_mcp/tools/missing_precedents.py

@@ -0,0 +1,210 @@
+"""MCP tools for the missing-precedents log.
+
+When a researcher (or chair) finds a citation in a party brief that
+isn't yet in the precedent_library, they record it here so:
+
+1. The gap is visible in the UI (the chair can see all open citations
+   that need to be uploaded).
+2. The writer agent doesn't try to use a precedent that isn't in the
+   corpus — it knows the gap is being tracked.
+3. The chair has a clean closing workflow: upload the actual decision
+   via the precedent library / internal-decisions, then link it here.
+
+Three tools:
+- ``missing_precedent_create`` — log a new gap (researcher / chair).
+- ``missing_precedent_list`` — list open gaps (optionally filtered).
+- ``missing_precedent_close`` — close a gap (chair workflow).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+from uuid import UUID
+
+from legal_mcp.services import db
+
+
+def _ok(payload) -> str:
+    return json.dumps(payload, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2, default=str)
+
+
+def _err(msg: str) -> str:
+    return json.dumps({"error": msg}, ensure_ascii=False)
+
+
+async def _resolve_case_id(case_number: str) -> UUID | None:
+    """Translate a human case_number (e.g. '1017-03-26') to a UUID."""
+    if not case_number or not case_number.strip():
+        return None
+    row = await db.get_case_by_number(case_number.strip())
+    if not row:
+        return None
+    return UUID(row["id"])
+
+
+async def missing_precedent_create(
+    citation: str,
+    case_number: str = "",
+    cited_in_document_id: str = "",
+    cited_by_party: str = "unknown",
+    cited_by_party_name: str = "",
+    legal_topic: str = "",
+    legal_issue: str = "",
+    claim_quote: str = "",
+    case_name: str = "",
+    notes: str = "",
+) -> str:
+    """תיעוד פסיקה שצוטטה אך אינה בקורפוס. הסוכן יוצר רשומה כשהוא מזהה ציטוט
+    שלא ניתן לאמת מול הקורפוס; היו"ר יסגור אותה לאחר העלאת המסמך.
+
+    Args:
+        citation: מראה המקום המלא (חובה).
+        case_number: מספר תיק הערר שבו צוטטה הפסיקה (לדוגמה '1017-03-26').
+        cited_in_document_id: UUID של המסמך שבו הציטוט מופיע (אופציונלי).
+        cited_by_party: appellant / respondent / committee / permit_applicant / unknown.
+        cited_by_party_name: שם הצד (כדי שיהיה ברור מי ציטט).
+        legal_topic: נושא משפטי קצר (לדוגמה "זכות עמידה").
+        legal_issue: שאלה משפטית מפורטת.
+        claim_quote: הציטוט בכתב הטענות.
+        case_name: שם קצר של פסק הדין החסר.
+        notes: הערות חופשיות.
+
+    Returns: JSON של הרשומה שנוצרה (כולל id) או error.
+    """
+    if not citation.strip():
+        return _err("citation חובה")
+
+    case_id = None
+    if case_number:
+        case_id = await _resolve_case_id(case_number)
+        if case_id is None:
+            return _err(f"תיק לא נמצא: {case_number}")
+
+    doc_uuid: UUID | None = None
+    if cited_in_document_id.strip():
+        try:
+            doc_uuid = UUID(cited_in_document_id.strip())
+        except ValueError:
+            return _err("cited_in_document_id לא תקין")
+
+    party = cited_by_party.strip() or "unknown"
+    if party not in db.ALLOWED_MP_PARTIES:
+        return _err(
+            f"cited_by_party לא תקין. ערכים תקפים: "
+            f"{', '.join(sorted(db.ALLOWED_MP_PARTIES))}"
+        )
+
+    # Deduplication: if a row already exists for the same citation in
+    # the same case, return that one rather than creating a duplicate.
+    existing = await db.find_missing_precedent_by_citation(
+        citation=citation.strip(),
+        case_id=case_id,
+    )
+    if existing:
+        return _ok({**existing, "_duplicate": True})
+
+    try:
+        row = await db.create_missing_precedent(
+            citation=citation.strip(),
+            case_name=case_name.strip() or None,
+            cited_in_case_id=case_id,
+            cited_in_document_id=doc_uuid,
+            cited_by_party=party,
+            cited_by_party_name=cited_by_party_name.strip() or None,
+            legal_topic=legal_topic.strip() or None,
+            legal_issue=legal_issue.strip() or None,
+            claim_quote=claim_quote.strip() or None,
+            notes=notes.strip() or None,
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        return _err(str(e))
+    return _ok(row)
+
+
+async def missing_precedent_list(
+    case_number: str = "",
+    status: str = "open",
+    legal_topic: str = "",
+    limit: int = 50,
+) -> str:
+    """רשימת פסיקות חסרות. ברירת מחדל = פתוחות בלבד.
+
+    Args:
+        case_number: סינון לפי תיק הערר שבו צוטטו.
+        status: open / uploaded / closed / irrelevant (ריק = הכל).
+        legal_topic: סינון לפי נושא משפטי (substring).
+        limit: מספר תוצאות מקסימלי.
+
+    Returns: JSON עם רשימת רשומות + linked_case_law_number אם נסגרו.
+    """
+    case_id = None
+    if case_number:
+        case_id = await _resolve_case_id(case_number)
+        if case_id is None:
+            return _err(f"תיק לא נמצא: {case_number}")
+
+    s = status.strip() or None
+    if s and s not in db.ALLOWED_MP_STATUS:
+        return _err(
+            f"status לא תקין. ערכים תקפים: "
+            f"{', '.join(sorted(db.ALLOWED_MP_STATUS))}"
+        )
+    try:
+        rows = await db.list_missing_precedents(
+            status=s,
+            case_id=case_id,
+            legal_topic=legal_topic.strip() or None,
+            limit=max(1, min(int(limit), 500)),
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        return _err(str(e))
+    return _ok({"items": rows, "count": len(rows)})
+
+
+async def missing_precedent_close(
+    id: str,
+    linked_case_law_id: str = "",
+    notes: str = "",
+    status: str = "closed",
+) -> str:
+    """סגירת רשומת פסיקה חסרה. ברירת מחדל = 'closed' + קישור ל-case_law.
+
+    Args:
+        id: UUID של הרשומה.
+        linked_case_law_id: UUID של הפסיקה שהועלתה ב-precedent_library / internal_decisions.
+        notes: הערות סגירה (לדוגמה "אינו רלוונטי" ל-status='irrelevant').
+        status: closed / uploaded / irrelevant.
+
+    Returns: JSON של הרשומה המעודכנת.
+    """
+    try:
+        mp_id = UUID(id.strip())
+    except ValueError:
+        return _err("id לא תקין")
+
+    cl_uuid: UUID | None = None
+    if linked_case_law_id.strip():
+        try:
+            cl_uuid = UUID(linked_case_law_id.strip())
+        except ValueError:
+            return _err("linked_case_law_id לא תקין")
+
+    status_clean = status.strip() or "closed"
+    if status_clean not in db.ALLOWED_MP_STATUS:
+        return _err(
+            f"status לא תקין. ערכים תקפים: "
+            f"{', '.join(sorted(db.ALLOWED_MP_STATUS))}"
+        )
+
+    try:
+        row = await db.close_missing_precedent(
+            mp_id=mp_id,
+            linked_case_law_id=cl_uuid,
+            notes=notes.strip() or None,
+            status=status_clean,
+        )
+    except Exception as e:
+        return _err(str(e))
+    if row is None:
+        return _err("רשומה לא נמצאה")
+    return _ok(row)

mcp-server/tests/test_corpus_constraints.py

@@ -0,0 +1,276 @@
+"""Regression tests for Stage-A corpus integrity fixes (TaskMaster #30, #31).
+
+These tests document the bugs that were closed in Stage A so they don't
+regress quietly. Each test maps to a real bug or constraint:
+
+  1. DB CHECK ``cases_practice_area_check`` rejects the legacy
+     ``'appeals_committee'`` value — only domain values (rishuy_uvniya /
+     betterment_levy / compensation_197) and ``''`` are allowed.
+     (Bug: many ``cases`` rows stored ``'appeals_committee'`` instead of
+     the domain.)
+
+  2. DB CHECK ``case_law_internal_chair_check`` and
+     ``case_law_internal_district_check`` reject internal_committee rows
+     with empty chair_name/district.
+     (Bug: 6 records had source_kind='external_upload' but were really
+     internal committee decisions; the flip to internal_committee in
+     Stage A.2 surfaced the missing chair/district fields.)
+
+  3. DB CHECK ``case_law_external_arar_check`` rejects external_upload
+     rows whose case_number starts with ``"ערר"`` or ``"בל\\"מ"`` —
+     committee decisions must go through internal_decision_upload, not
+     precedent_library_upload.
+     (Bug: the legacy upload path stored everything as external_upload,
+     including appeal-committee decisions; the citation guard now
+     redirects them.)
+
+  4. MCP tool ``precedent_library_upload`` returns an ``_err`` envelope
+     when the citation starts with ``"ערר"`` (citation guard, not DB
+     constraint — fires before INSERT to surface a helpful error).
+
+These tests connect to the live local Postgres (port 5433) — they do not
+mock asyncpg. Run with::
+
+    pytest mcp-server/tests/test_corpus_constraints.py -v
+
+If you don't have ``DATABASE_URL`` set, the tests are skipped.
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+import json
+import os
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+import asyncpg
+import pytest
+
+
+def _dsn() -> str | None:
+    return (
+        os.environ.get("DATABASE_URL")
+        or os.environ.get("LEGAL_AI_DATABASE_URL")
+        or "postgresql://legal_ai:od0ASJZFYibOlWK59krLvvETmgqwlXe8@localhost:5433/legal_ai"
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def dsn() -> str:
+    d = _dsn()
+    if not d:
+        pytest.skip("No DATABASE_URL set; skipping live-DB regression tests")
+    return d
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def event_loop():
+    """Provide a fresh event loop per test so asyncpg doesn't leak across cases."""
+    loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+    try:
+        yield loop
+    finally:
+        loop.close()
+
+
+def _run(loop, coro):
+    return loop.run_until_complete(coro)
+
+
+# ── 1. cases.practice_area CHECK ─────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_cases_rejects_appeals_committee_practice_area(dsn: str, event_loop) -> None:
+    """``cases.practice_area = 'appeals_committee'`` must violate the CHECK."""
+
+    async def attempt() -> None:
+        conn = await asyncpg.connect(dsn)
+        try:
+            with pytest.raises(asyncpg.exceptions.CheckViolationError):
+                await conn.execute(
+                    """INSERT INTO cases (id, case_number, title, practice_area)
+                       VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4)""",
+                    uuid4(), f"TEST-{uuid4().hex[:8]}", "regression-test",
+                    "appeals_committee",
+                )
+        finally:
+            await conn.close()
+
+    _run(event_loop, attempt())
+
+
+def test_cases_accepts_domain_practice_area(dsn: str, event_loop) -> None:
+    """Sanity check: rishuy_uvniya / betterment_levy / compensation_197
+    + empty string must be accepted."""
+
+    async def attempt() -> None:
+        conn = await asyncpg.connect(dsn)
+        try:
+            tx = conn.transaction()
+            await tx.start()
+            try:
+                for value in ("rishuy_uvniya", "betterment_levy",
+                              "compensation_197", ""):
+                    await conn.execute(
+                        """INSERT INTO cases (id, case_number, title, practice_area)
+                           VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4)""",
+                        uuid4(), f"TEST-{uuid4().hex[:8]}",
+                        f"regression-{value or 'empty'}", value,
+                    )
+            finally:
+                await tx.rollback()
+        finally:
+            await conn.close()
+
+    _run(event_loop, attempt())
+
+
+# ── 2. case_law internal_committee chair/district CHECK ─────────────
+
+
+def test_case_law_internal_requires_chair_and_district(dsn: str, event_loop) -> None:
+    """``case_law`` rows with ``source_kind='internal_committee'`` must have
+    non-empty ``chair_name`` AND ``district``."""
+
+    async def attempt_missing_chair() -> None:
+        conn = await asyncpg.connect(dsn)
+        try:
+            with pytest.raises(asyncpg.exceptions.CheckViolationError):
+                await conn.execute(
+                    """INSERT INTO case_law (id, case_number, case_name,
+                           source_kind, district, chair_name)
+                       VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6)""",
+                    uuid4(), f"ערר {uuid4().hex[:6]}",
+                    "test internal w/o chair",
+                    "internal_committee", "ירושלים", "",
+                )
+        finally:
+            await conn.close()
+
+    async def attempt_missing_district() -> None:
+        conn = await asyncpg.connect(dsn)
+        try:
+            with pytest.raises(asyncpg.exceptions.CheckViolationError):
+                await conn.execute(
+                    """INSERT INTO case_law (id, case_number, case_name,
+                           source_kind, district, chair_name)
+                       VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6)""",
+                    uuid4(), f"ערר {uuid4().hex[:6]}",
+                    "test internal w/o district",
+                    "internal_committee", "", "עו\"ד דפנה תמיר",
+                )
+        finally:
+            await conn.close()
+
+    _run(event_loop, attempt_missing_chair())
+    _run(event_loop, attempt_missing_district())
+
+
+# ── 3. case_law external_upload + ערר citation CHECK ────────────────
+
+
+def test_case_law_external_upload_rejects_arar_citation(dsn: str, event_loop) -> None:
+    """``case_law`` rows with ``source_kind='external_upload'`` cannot have
+    a ``case_number`` that starts with ``"ערר"`` or ``"בל\"מ"`` — those
+    are committee decisions and must use ``source_kind='internal_committee'``."""
+
+    async def attempt_arar() -> None:
+        conn = await asyncpg.connect(dsn)
+        try:
+            with pytest.raises(asyncpg.exceptions.CheckViolationError):
+                await conn.execute(
+                    """INSERT INTO case_law (id, case_number, case_name,
+                           source_kind)
+                       VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4)""",
+                    uuid4(), "ערר 1170/24 חיים נ' ועדה",
+                    "test external arar", "external_upload",
+                )
+        finally:
+            await conn.close()
+
+    async def attempt_balam() -> None:
+        conn = await asyncpg.connect(dsn)
+        try:
+            with pytest.raises(asyncpg.exceptions.CheckViolationError):
+                await conn.execute(
+                    """INSERT INTO case_law (id, case_number, case_name,
+                           source_kind)
+                       VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4)""",
+                    uuid4(), 'בל"מ 1234/25 פלוני',
+                    "test external balam", "external_upload",
+                )
+        finally:
+            await conn.close()
+
+    _run(event_loop, attempt_arar())
+    _run(event_loop, attempt_balam())
+
+
+# ── 4. MCP precedent_library_upload citation guard ──────────────────
+
+
+def test_mcp_precedent_upload_rejects_arar_citation() -> None:
+    """The MCP tool ``precedent_library_upload`` must short-circuit
+    citations that start with ``"ערר"`` / ``"בל\"מ"`` and return an
+    ``_err`` envelope (a helpful message redirecting to
+    ``internal_decision_upload``), without touching the DB."""
+
+    from legal_mcp.tools import precedent_library as tools
+
+    async def call(citation: str) -> dict:
+        # file_path won't be touched because the guard fires first.
+        return json.loads(
+            await tools.precedent_library_upload(
+                file_path="/nonexistent",
+                citation=citation,
+            )
+        )
+
+    loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+    try:
+        for citation in (
+            "ערר 1170/24 חיים נ' ועדה",
+            'בל"מ 1234/25 פלוני',
+            "ARAR 8126-25 ב. קרן-נכסים",
+        ):
+            result = loop.run_until_complete(call(citation))
+            assert "error" in result, (
+                f"expected guard to reject {citation!r}, got {result!r}"
+            )
+            # The error message should mention internal_decision_upload so
+            # the caller knows the alternative path.
+            assert "internal_decision_upload" in result["error"], (
+                f"error message should redirect to internal_decision_upload, "
+                f"got {result['error']!r}"
+            )
+    finally:
+        loop.close()
+
+
+def test_practice_area_module_invariants() -> None:
+    """Quick guard that the ``practice_area`` service module exposes the
+    helpers tools and tests depend on, and that derivation is consistent
+    with the case-number convention (1xxx/8xxx/9xxx)."""
+
+    from legal_mcp.services import practice_area as pa
+
+    # Domain mapping is consistent with the case-number prefix convention.
+    assert pa.derive_domain_practice_area("1170") == "rishuy_uvniya"
+    assert pa.derive_domain_practice_area("8126/25") == "betterment_levy"
+    assert pa.derive_domain_practice_area("9001") == "compensation_197"
+    assert pa.derive_domain_practice_area("ARAR-25-8126") == "betterment_levy"
+    # Unparseable input → empty (caller decides fallback).
+    assert pa.derive_domain_practice_area("foo") == ""
+    assert pa.derive_domain_practice_area("") == ""
+
+    # Empty practice_area is valid (DB allows it as 'unclassified').
+    pa.validate("", "unknown")
+    pa.validate("rishuy_uvniya", "building_permit")
+    pa.validate("betterment_levy", "betterment_levy")
+
+    # appeals_committee (axis A) is still recognised for backward-compat.
+    pa.validate("appeals_committee", "building_permit")
+
+    # is_override returns False when subtype matches derivation.
+    assert pa.is_override("1170", "rishuy_uvniya", "building_permit") is False
+    assert pa.is_override("8126", "betterment_levy", "betterment_levy") is False