diff --git a/mcp-server/src/legal_mcp/services/audit.py b/mcp-server/src/legal_mcp/services/audit.py
index 9992499..ff29386 100644
--- a/mcp-server/src/legal_mcp/services/audit.py
+++ b/mcp-server/src/legal_mcp/services/audit.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 import json
 import logging
-from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
 from uuid import UUID, uuid4
 
 from legal_mcp.services import db
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ async def log_action(
                VALUES ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6, $7)""",
             uuid4(), action, case_id, document_id,
             json.dumps(details or {}, ensure_ascii=False, default=str),
-            user, datetime.utcnow(),
+            user, datetime.now(timezone.utc),
         )
     logger.info("AUDIT: %s | case=%s | user=%s | %s", action, case_id, user,
                 json.dumps(details or {}, ensure_ascii=False)[:200])
diff --git a/mcp-server/src/legal_mcp/services/research_md.py b/mcp-server/src/legal_mcp/services/research_md.py
index 64e7ec2..49287d0 100644
--- a/mcp-server/src/legal_mcp/services/research_md.py
+++ b/mcp-server/src/legal_mcp/services/research_md.py
@@ -15,8 +15,14 @@ import os
 import re
 from datetime import datetime
 from pathlib import Path
+from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
 from typing import Any
 
+# Display timezone (INV-UI9): timestamps surfaced to humans are rendered in
+# Israel time deterministically, regardless of the process clock (the container
+# may run UTC or Asia/Jerusalem). Storage stays UTC; this is display-only.
+IL_TZ = ZoneInfo("Asia/Jerusalem")
+
 # Placeholder strings — any of these means "not yet filled"
 CHAIR_POSITION_PLACEHOLDERS = (
     "[ימולא ע\"י יו\"ר הוועדה]",
@@ -191,7 +197,7 @@ def parse(file_path: Path) -> dict[str, Any]:
     date_str = date_match.group(1) if date_match else ""
 
     stat = file_path.stat()
-    mtime_iso = datetime.fromtimestamp(stat.st_mtime).isoformat()
+    mtime_iso = datetime.fromtimestamp(stat.st_mtime, tz=IL_TZ).isoformat()
 
     result: dict[str, Any] = {
         "header": {
@@ -354,7 +360,7 @@ def update_chair_position(
         "saved": True,
         "section_id": section_id,
         "preview": preview,
-        "timestamp": datetime.now().isoformat(),
+        "timestamp": datetime.now(IL_TZ).isoformat(),
     }
 
 
diff --git a/scripts/calibrate_effort.py b/scripts/calibrate_effort.py
index 968d1e4..4fe92c7 100644
--- a/scripts/calibrate_effort.py
+++ b/scripts/calibrate_effort.py
@@ -58,8 +58,9 @@ import json
 import logging
 import os
 import sys
-from datetime import datetime, timezone
+from datetime import datetime
 from pathlib import Path
+from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
 from statistics import mean
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
@@ -344,8 +345,17 @@ async def _run(args, ts: str) -> dict:
     return {"dry_run": False, "grid": grid_summary, "by_block": by_block}
 
 
+IL_TZ = ZoneInfo("Asia/Jerusalem")
+
+
 def _ts() -> str:
-    return datetime.now(timezone.utc).strftime("%Y%m%dT%H%M%SZ")
+    """Filename-safe report stamp in Israel time (INV-UI9: human-facing display).
+
+    This script runs on the host, which is UTC, so a process-clock stamp would
+    mislead the chair. We pin Asia/Jerusalem and suffix ``IL`` (instead of a bare
+    ``Z``) so the displayed/filename time is unambiguously Israel-local.
+    """
+    return datetime.now(IL_TZ).strftime("%Y%m%dT%H%M%S-IL")
 
 
 def _write_report(result: dict, ts: str) -> tuple[Path, Path]:
@@ -356,8 +366,10 @@ def _write_report(result: dict, ts: str) -> tuple[Path, Path]:
 
     g = result["grid"]
     n = g["n_finals"]
+    il_now = datetime.now(IL_TZ).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M")
     lines = [
         f"# #208 — כיול model×effort מול הסופיים — {ts}\n",
+        f"> נוצר: {il_now} (שעון ישראל · Asia/Jerusalem)\n",
         f"> ⚠️ **גודל-מדגם: {n} סופיים** ({', '.join(g['finals']) or '—'}). "
         "זוהי **עדות-כיוון, לא רגרסיה** — מעט תיקים בעלי סופי-עלוי. "
         "ההמלצה אדוויזורית; ההכרעה בידי היו\"ר/המפעיל.\n",