fix(web-ui): display all human-facing timestamps in Asia/Jerusalem (deterministic)

Storage stays UTC (DB TIMESTAMPTZ, API ISO-UTC) — only the display layer is
localized, and now deterministically: every timestamp renders pinned to
Asia/Jerusalem via a single Intl-based formatter, so SSR (UTC container) and
the browser agree on any runtime. No layout/visible-format change — only the tz.

- New single date formatter web-ui/src/lib/format-date.ts (G2): formatDate /
  formatDateShort / formatDateLong / formatDateTime / formatDateTimeFull /
  formatTime / formatIsoDate + Israel helpers getIsraelYear / israelDayKey /
  israelMidnightMs / israelParts + formatRelative (long/short/tight wording).
- Routed all ad-hoc toLocaleDateString/toLocaleTimeString/toLocaleString +
  hand-rolled new Date(...).get*() / toISOString().slice(0,10) timestamp call
  sites (30 files) through it. Number toLocaleString left untouched.
- Spec: added INV-UI9 to docs/spec/X6 (UTC storage, Asia/Jerusalem display).

Display-only; no layout/design/IA change → Claude Design gate N/A.
Invariants: G2 (single date formatter, no parallel ad-hoc formatting), INV-UI9.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

web-ui/src/components/cases/agent-activity-feed.tsx

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import type {
   InteractionTask,
   PaperclipComment,
 } from "@/lib/api/agents";
+import { formatRelative } from "@/lib/format-date";
 import { toast } from "sonner";
 import {
   Bot,
@@ -83,15 +84,7 @@ function issueStatusLabel(status: string) {
 /* ── Time formatting ─────────────────────────────────────────── */
 
 function timeAgo(iso: string | null): string {
-  if (!iso) return "";
-  const diff = Date.now() - new Date(iso).getTime();
-  const mins = Math.floor(diff / 60_000);
-  if (mins < 1) return "עכשיו";
-  if (mins < 60) return `לפני ${mins} דק׳`;
-  const hours = Math.floor(mins / 60);
-  if (hours < 24) return `לפני ${hours} שע׳`;
-  const days = Math.floor(hours / 24);
-  return `לפני ${days} ימים`;
+  return formatRelative(iso, { units: "short", fallback: "" });
 }
 
 /* ── Issue identifier → find matching identifier ─────────────── */

web-ui/src/components/cases/agent-activity-preview.tsx

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import Link from "next/link";
 import { Loader2, CheckCircle2, Clock } from "lucide-react";
 import { useAgentActivity } from "@/lib/api/agents";
 import type { PaperclipIssue } from "@/lib/api/agents";
+import { formatRelative } from "@/lib/format-date";
 
 const STATUS_DOT: Record<string, string> = {
   in_progress: "bg-gold",
@@ -22,13 +23,7 @@ const STATUS_LABEL: Record<string, string> = {
 };
 
 function timeAgo(iso: string | null): string {
-  if (!iso) return "—";
-  const diffMs = Date.now() - new Date(iso).getTime();
-  const m = Math.floor(diffMs / 60_000);
-  if (m < 60) return `לפני ${m}ד'`;
-  const h = Math.floor(m / 60);
-  if (h < 24) return `לפני ${h}ש'`;
-  return `לפני ${Math.floor(h / 24)} ימים`;
+  return formatRelative(iso, { units: "tight", fallback: "—" });
 }
 
 function IssueRow({ issue }: { issue: PaperclipIssue }) {

web-ui/src/components/cases/case-header.tsx

@@ -10,21 +10,9 @@ import {
   APPEAL_SUBTYPE_LABELS,
   isBlamSubtype,
 } from "@/lib/practice-area";
+import { formatDate } from "@/lib/format-date";
 import type { CaseDetail } from "@/lib/api/cases";
 
-function formatDate(iso?: string | null) {
-  if (!iso) return "—";
-  try {
-    return new Date(iso).toLocaleDateString("he-IL", {
-      day: "2-digit",
-      month: "2-digit",
-      year: "numeric",
-    });
-  } catch {
-    return iso ?? "—";
-  }
-}
-
 function partiesLine(data?: CaseDetail): string | null {
   const appellant = data?.appellants?.filter(Boolean) ?? [];
   const respondent = data?.respondents?.filter(Boolean) ?? [];

web-ui/src/components/cases/cases-table.tsx

@@ -24,32 +24,16 @@ import {
 import { StatusBadge } from "@/components/cases/status-badge";
 import { isBlamSubtype } from "@/lib/practice-area";
 import type { Case } from "@/lib/api/cases";
+import { formatDate, israelMidnightMs, todayIsraelMidnightMs } from "@/lib/format-date";
 
-function formatDate(iso?: string) {
-  if (!iso) return "—";
-  try {
-    return new Date(iso).toLocaleDateString("he-IL", {
-      day: "2-digit",
-      month: "2-digit",
-      year: "numeric",
-    });
-  } catch {
-    return iso;
-  }
-}
-
-/** Midnight today, in ms — the pivot between an upcoming and a past hearing. */
+/** Midnight today in Israel time, in ms — pivot between an upcoming and a past hearing. */
 function startOfToday() {
-  const d = new Date();
-  d.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
-  return d.getTime();
+  return todayIsraelMidnightMs();
 }
 
-/** Day-precision ms for a hearing date, or null when absent/unparseable. */
+/** Day-precision ms (Israel time) for a hearing date, or null when absent/unparseable. */
 function hearingMs(iso?: string | null): number | null {
-  if (!iso) return null;
-  const t = new Date(iso).setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
-  return Number.isNaN(t) ? null : t;
+  return israelMidnightMs(iso);
 }
 
 type HearingClass = "soon" | "upcoming" | "past" | "none";

web-ui/src/components/cases/decision-blocks-panel.tsx

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
   type BlockStatus,
 } from "@/lib/api/decision-blocks";
 import { BLOCK_LABELS } from "@/lib/api/feedback";
+import { formatTime } from "@/lib/format-date";
 import { AlertTriangle, Pencil, FileText } from "lucide-react";
 
 /* ── status badge styling ─────────────────────────────── */
@@ -233,10 +234,7 @@ function SaveIndicator({ state }: { state: SaveState }) {
     return <span className="text-[0.72rem] text-ink-muted">⏳ שומר…</span>;
   }
   if (state.kind === "saved") {
-    const time = state.at.toLocaleTimeString("he-IL", {
-      hour: "2-digit",
-      minute: "2-digit",
-    });
+    const time = formatTime(state.at);
     return <span className="text-[0.72rem] text-success">✓ נשמר {time}</span>;
   }
   return <span className="text-[0.72rem] text-danger">⚠ {state.message}</span>;

web-ui/src/components/cases/documents-panel.tsx

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import { apiRequest } from "@/lib/api/client";
 import { casesKeys } from "@/lib/api/cases";
 import type { CaseDetail, CaseDocument } from "@/lib/api/cases";
 import { DocumentTypeEditor } from "@/components/cases/document-type-editor";
+import { formatDateShort as formatDate } from "@/lib/format-date";
 
 /*
  * Document list for the case detail "מסמכים" tab. Uses the real document
@@ -76,15 +77,6 @@ function StatusIcon({ status }: { status: string }) {
   }
 }
 
-function formatDate(iso: string) {
-  if (!iso) return "—";
-  try {
-    return new Date(iso).toLocaleDateString("he-IL");
-  } catch {
-    return iso;
-  }
-}
-
 function filenameFromPath(path: string): string {
   const parts = path.split("/");
   return parts[parts.length - 1] || path;

web-ui/src/components/cases/drafts-panel.tsx

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ import {
 import { useCaseCitations } from "@/lib/api/citations";
 import { learningKeys } from "@/lib/api/learning";
 import { LearningStatusBadges } from "@/components/cases/learning-status-badges";
+import { formatDateTime, formatDateShort } from "@/lib/format-date";
 import type { CaseStatus } from "@/lib/api/cases";
 import { toast } from "sonner";
 import {
@@ -72,13 +73,7 @@ function formatSize(bytes: number): string {
 }
 
 function formatDate(epoch: number): string {
-  return new Date(epoch * 1000).toLocaleDateString("he-IL", {
-    day: "numeric",
-    month: "short",
-    year: "numeric",
-    hour: "2-digit",
-    minute: "2-digit",
-  });
+  return formatDateTime(epoch * 1000);
 }
 
 /* ── Main component ─────────────────────────────────── */
@@ -568,9 +563,7 @@ export function DraftsPanel({
                     </Badge>
                   )}
                   <span className="text-[0.65rem] text-ink-muted me-auto">
-                    {fb.created_at
-                      ? new Date(fb.created_at).toLocaleDateString("he-IL")
-                      : ""}
+                    {fb.created_at ? formatDateShort(fb.created_at) : ""}
                   </span>
                 </div>
                 <p className="text-sm leading-relaxed">{fb.feedback_text}</p>

web-ui/src/components/cases/status-hero.tsx

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { StatusChanger } from "@/components/cases/status-changer";
 import { StatusGuide } from "@/components/cases/status-guide";
 import { AgentStatusWidget } from "@/components/cases/agent-status-widget";
 import { expectedOutcomes } from "@/lib/schemas/case";
+import { formatDate } from "@/lib/format-date";
 import type { CaseDetail } from "@/lib/api/cases";
 
 /*
@@ -21,19 +22,6 @@ const EXPECTED_OUTCOME_LABELS: Record<string, string> = Object.fromEntries(
   expectedOutcomes.map((o) => [o.value, o.label]),
 );
 
-function formatDate(iso?: string | null): string {
-  if (!iso) return "—";
-  try {
-    return new Date(iso).toLocaleDateString("he-IL", {
-      day: "2-digit",
-      month: "2-digit",
-      year: "numeric",
-    });
-  } catch {
-    return iso ?? "—";
-  }
-}
-
 function phaseIndexOf(status?: CaseStatus): number {
   if (!status) return -1;
   return PHASES.findIndex((p) => p.statuses.includes(status));

web-ui/src/components/cases/sync-indicator.tsx

@@ -2,17 +2,7 @@
 
 import { useGitStatus } from "@/lib/api/cases";
 import { CheckCircle2, AlertCircle, Clock, CloudOff } from "lucide-react";
-
-function formatRelative(iso: string): string {
-  const diff = Date.now() - new Date(iso).getTime();
-  const mins = Math.floor(diff / 60_000);
-  if (mins < 1) return "עכשיו";
-  if (mins < 60) return `לפני ${mins} דק׳`;
-  const hours = Math.floor(mins / 60);
-  if (hours < 24) return `לפני ${hours} שע׳`;
-  const days = Math.floor(hours / 24);
-  return `לפני ${days} ימים`;
-}
+import { formatRelative } from "@/lib/format-date";
 
 export function SyncIndicator({ caseNumber }: { caseNumber?: string }) {
   const { data, isLoading } = useGitStatus(caseNumber);

web-ui/src/components/compose/chair-editor.tsx

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 import { useEffect, useRef, useState } from "react";
 import { useSaveChairPosition } from "@/lib/api/research";
+import { formatTime } from "@/lib/format-date";
 
 /*
  * Chair-position editor for a single threshold claim or issue.
@@ -87,10 +88,7 @@ function SaveIndicator({ state }: { state: SaveState }) {
     return <span className="text-[0.72rem] text-ink-muted">⏳ שומר…</span>;
   }
   if (state.kind === "saved") {
-    const time = state.at.toLocaleTimeString("he-IL", {
-      hour: "2-digit",
-      minute: "2-digit",
-    });
+    const time = formatTime(state.at);
     return <span className="text-[0.72rem] text-success">✓ נשמר {time}</span>;
   }
   return <span className="text-[0.72rem] text-danger">⚠ {state.message}</span>;

web-ui/src/components/digests/digest-card.tsx

@@ -5,15 +5,7 @@ import type { ReactNode } from "react";
 import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
 import { practiceAreaLabel } from "@/components/precedents/practice-area";
 import type { Digest } from "@/lib/api/digests";
-
-function formatDate(iso: string | null) {
-  if (!iso) return "—";
-  try {
-    return new Date(iso).toLocaleDateString("he-IL");
-  } catch {
-    return iso;
-  }
-}
+import { formatDateShort as formatDate } from "@/lib/format-date";
 
 /**
  * Presentational card for a single digest ("כל יום" radar entry).

web-ui/src/components/graph/graph-filter-panel.tsx

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ import {
 } from "@/components/ui/select";
 import type { GraphFacets } from "@/lib/api/graph";
 import type { ColorBy, SizeBy } from "@/components/graph/graph-canvas";
+import { getIsraelYear } from "@/lib/format-date";
 
 export type GraphControls = {
   practiceArea: string;
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ const ALL = "__all__";
 // Floor covers the oldest dated precedent in the corpus (currently ע"א 725/81 →
 // 1982); ceiling tracks the current year so the range never ages out.
 const YEAR_FLOOR = 1980;
-const CURRENT_YEAR = new Date().getFullYear();
+const CURRENT_YEAR = getIsraelYear(new Date()) ?? new Date().getFullYear();
 const YEARS = Array.from(
   { length: CURRENT_YEAR - YEAR_FLOOR + 1 },
   (_, i) => CURRENT_YEAR - i,

web-ui/src/components/missing-precedents/missing-precedents-table.tsx

@@ -20,15 +20,7 @@ import {
   type MissingPrecedentStatus,
 } from "@/lib/api/missing-precedents";
 import { MissingPrecedentDetailDrawer } from "./missing-precedent-detail-drawer";
-
-function formatDate(iso: string | null) {
-  if (!iso) return "—";
-  try {
-    return new Date(iso).toLocaleDateString("he-IL");
-  } catch {
-    return iso;
-  }
-}
+import { formatDateShort as formatDate } from "@/lib/format-date";
 
 /** Status chip — mockup 09 tones (open=warn, uploaded=info, closed=success,
  *  irrelevant=muted). Pill-shaped, whitespace-nowrap. */

web-ui/src/components/operations/system-health-section.tsx

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import { Card, CardContent } from "@/components/ui/card";
 import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
 import { Skeleton } from "@/components/ui/skeleton";
 import { useDiagnostics, type DiagDoc } from "@/lib/api/system";
+import { formatDateShort, formatRelative } from "@/lib/format-date";
 
 const TABLE_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
   cases: "תיקים",
@@ -25,16 +26,10 @@ const TABLE_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
 
 function formatRelativeTime(iso: string | null) {
   if (!iso) return "—";
-  const then = new Date(iso);
-  const diffMs = Date.now() - then.getTime();
-  const min = Math.floor(diffMs / 60000);
-  if (min < 1) return "עכשיו";
-  if (min < 60) return `לפני ${min} דקות`;
-  const hr = Math.floor(min / 60);
-  if (hr < 24) return `לפני ${hr} שעות`;
-  const days = Math.floor(hr / 24);
-  if (days < 30) return `לפני ${days} ימים`;
-  return then.toLocaleDateString("he-IL");
+  const min = Math.floor((Date.now() - new Date(iso).getTime()) / 60000);
+  // Past 30 days, fall back to an absolute Israel-time date.
+  if (min >= 30 * 24 * 60) return formatDateShort(iso);
+  return formatRelative(iso, { units: "long" });
 }
 
 function DocRow({ doc, tone }: { doc: DiagDoc; tone: "danger" | "warn" }) {

web-ui/src/components/precedents/halacha-review-panel.tsx

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import {
   type Halacha, type CanonicalInstance,
 } from "@/lib/api/precedent-library";
 import { AuthorityBadge, ruleTypeLabel } from "./halacha-meta";
+import { formatDateShort as formatDate } from "@/lib/format-date";
 
 /** #81 strict-rubric flags — why an item was held back from auto-approval. */
 const QUALITY_FLAG_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
@@ -28,15 +29,6 @@ const QUALITY_FLAG_LABELS: Record<string, string> = {
   nevo_preamble_leak: "דליפת רציו נבו",
 };
 
-function formatDate(iso: string | null | undefined) {
-  if (!iso) return "—";
-  try {
-    return new Date(iso).toLocaleDateString("he-IL");
-  } catch {
-    return iso;
-  }
-}
-
 /* Strip Unicode bidi marks that render as zero-width but shift visual position. */
 function cleanCitation(s: string | null | undefined): string {
   if (!s) return "—";

web-ui/src/components/precedents/library-list-panel.tsx

@@ -31,15 +31,7 @@ import {
   FormattedCitation,
   CitationCopyButton,
 } from "./formatted-citation";
-
-function formatDate(iso: string | null) {
-  if (!iso) return "—";
-  try {
-    return new Date(iso).toLocaleDateString("he-IL");
-  } catch {
-    return iso;
-  }
-}
+import { formatDateShort as formatDate } from "@/lib/format-date";
 
 function cleanCitation(s: string | null | undefined): string {
   if (!s) return "—";

web-ui/src/components/precedents/library-search-panel.tsx

@@ -14,15 +14,7 @@ import {
 } from "@/lib/api/precedent-library";
 import { PRACTICE_AREAS, PRECEDENT_LEVELS } from "./practice-area";
 import { AuthorityBadge } from "./halacha-meta";
-
-function formatDate(iso: string | null) {
-  if (!iso) return "—";
-  try {
-    return new Date(iso).toLocaleDateString("he-IL");
-  } catch {
-    return iso;
-  }
-}
+import { formatDateShort as formatDate } from "@/lib/format-date";
 
 /** Score chip — boxed, gold-deep, tabular (mockup 07 `.score`). Sits at the
  *  end of the meta row via `ms-auto`. White fill on gold-wash halacha cards. */

web-ui/src/components/precedents/precedent-upload-sheet.tsx

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ import {
 } from "@/lib/api/precedent-library";
 import { ApiError } from "@/lib/api/client";
 import { useProgress } from "@/lib/api/documents";
+import { formatDateShort } from "@/lib/format-date";
 import {
   PRACTICE_AREAS, PRECEDENT_LEVELS, SOURCE_TYPES,
 } from "./practice-area";
@@ -192,7 +193,7 @@ export function PrecedentUploadSheet({ open, onOpenChange }: Props) {
                   {conflict.citation}
                   {conflict.case_name && ` — ${conflict.case_name}`}
                   {conflict.court && ` · ${conflict.court}`}
-                  {conflict.date && ` · ${new Date(conflict.date).toLocaleDateString("he-IL")}`}
+                  {conflict.date && ` · ${formatDateShort(conflict.date)}`}
                 </p>
                 {conflict.halacha_extraction_status && (
                   <p className="text-danger/60 text-[0.72rem]">

web-ui/src/components/training/chat-panel.tsx

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ import {
   useDeleteChat,
   type ChatMessage,
 } from "@/lib/api/training";
+import { formatDateShort } from "@/lib/format-date";
 import { useQueryClient } from "@tanstack/react-query";
 
 export function ChatPanel() {
@@ -200,7 +201,7 @@ function ConversationsSidebar({
                       <span className="tabular-nums">{c.message_count}</span>
                       <MessageSquare className="w-3 h-3" />
                       <span className="grow text-end">
-                        {new Date(c.last_message_at).toLocaleDateString("he-IL")}
+                        {formatDateShort(c.last_message_at)}
                       </span>
                       <button
                         onClick={(e) => { e.stopPropagation(); onDelete(c.id); }}

web-ui/src/components/training/corpus-panel.tsx

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge";
 import { Skeleton } from "@/components/ui/skeleton";
 import { useCorpus, useDeleteCorpusEntry, type CorpusDecision } from "@/lib/api/training";
 import { CorpusDetailDrawer } from "./corpus-detail-drawer";
+import { formatDateShort as formatDate } from "@/lib/format-date";
 
 /*
  * Corpus tab: table of all decisions currently in the style corpus.
@@ -30,15 +31,6 @@ function formatChars(n: number) {
   return `${(n / 1000).toFixed(1)}K`;
 }
 
-function formatDate(iso: string) {
-  if (!iso) return "—";
-  try {
-    return new Date(iso).toLocaleDateString("he-IL");
-  } catch {
-    return iso;
-  }
-}
-
 function Row({
   item, onOpen,
 }: { item: CorpusDecision; onOpen: () => void }) {

web-ui/src/components/training/curator-portrait-panel.tsx

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import { Skeleton } from "@/components/ui/skeleton";
 import { ScrollArea } from "@/components/ui/scroll-area";
 import { Tabs, TabsContent, TabsList, TabsTrigger } from "@/components/ui/tabs";
 import { Markdown } from "@/components/ui/markdown";
+import { formatDateShort, formatDateTimeFull } from "@/lib/format-date";
 import {
   useCuratorPrompt,
   useCuratorStats,
@@ -256,7 +257,7 @@ function RecentFindings() {
                 )}
                 <span className="grow text-ink-muted text-end">
                   <Clock className="w-3 h-3 inline me-1" />
-                  {new Date(f.created_at).toLocaleDateString("he-IL")}
+                  {formatDateShort(f.created_at)}
                 </span>
               </div>
               <p className="text-sm text-ink leading-relaxed">{f.lesson_text}</p>
@@ -291,7 +292,7 @@ function CuratorPromptCard() {
             <h3 className="text-navy font-semibold">{data.filename}</h3>
             <p className="text-[0.72rem] text-ink-muted">
               {data.bytes.toLocaleString("he-IL")} בייטים ·
-              עודכן: {new Date(data.last_modified * 1000).toLocaleString("he-IL")}
+              עודכן: {formatDateTimeFull(data.last_modified * 1000)}
             </p>
           </div>
           <Button asChild variant="outline" size="sm">

web-ui/src/components/training/learning-panel.tsx

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import {
   useReconciliationLedger, useStyleDistance, usePairDetail, usePromoteLearning,
   type DraftFinalPair,
 } from "@/lib/api/learning";
+import { formatDateShort as fmtDate } from "@/lib/format-date";
 
 /**
  * /training "למידה" tab (T6/T13) — the reconciliation ledger (INV-LRN4): every
@@ -28,11 +29,6 @@ const STATUS_CLASS: Record<string, string> = {
   lessons_folded: "bg-emerald-50 text-emerald-800 border-emerald-300/60",
 };
 
-function fmtDate(iso: string | null) {
-  if (!iso) return "—";
-  try { return new Date(iso).toLocaleDateString("he-IL"); } catch { return iso; }
-}
-
 function StyleDistanceDetail({ caseNumber }: { caseNumber: string }) {
   const { data, isPending, error } = useStyleDistance(caseNumber);
   if (isPending) return <Loader2 className="w-4 h-4 animate-spin text-ink-muted" />;

web-ui/src/components/training/lessons-tab.tsx

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ import {
   usePatchLesson,
   type DecisionLesson,
 } from "@/lib/api/training";
+import { formatDateShort } from "@/lib/format-date";
 
 const CATEGORIES = [
   { value: "general", label: "כללי" },
@@ -224,7 +225,7 @@ function LessonItem({
             {reviewBadge.label}
           </Badge>
           <span className="grow text-ink-muted tabular-nums">
-            {new Date(lesson.created_at).toLocaleDateString("he-IL")}
+            {formatDateShort(lesson.created_at)}
           </span>
         </div>