feat(halacha): rhetorical-role pre-filter — fallback excludes facts/arguments (#81.6)

חילוץ-הלכות מוגבל למקטעי הנמקה/הכרעה בלבד (INV-LRN2 quality-at-source). הפער שנסגר:
מסלול ה-fallback (כשה-chunker לא תייג שום מקטע כ-extractable, כותרות לא-תקניות →
הכול 'other') נפל קודם ל**כל** ה-chunks — והחזיר בדיוק את המקטעים שהמסנן הראשי מחריג
(רקע עובדתי + טענות הצדדים). בלבול Facts↔Reasoning הוא מחלקת-השגיאה הדומיננטית
(LegalSeg), כך שהזנת עובדות לחילוץ פוגעת ישירות ב-precision.

- NON_REASONING_SECTIONS = (facts, appellant_claims, respondent_claims, intro)
- _select_extractable_chunks(): מרכז את מדיניות-הבחירה (primary + fallback) בפונקציה
  אחת המשמשת גם את הבחירה הראשית וגם את ה-re-read לקביעת-סטטוס (G2 — מקור-אמת יחיד,
  אין מסלול מקביל). ה-fallback מחריג את NON_REASONING_SECTIONS ועדיין מגיע להנמקה
  שנחתה תחת 'other'.

invariants: G1 (נרמול-במקור, לא תיקון-בקריאה) · G2 (אין מסלול מקביל) · INV-LRN2 (quality-at-source).
tests: 4 חדשות (primary/fallback-excludes-args/all-nonreasoning/disjoint-sets) + 61 בדיקות-הלכה קיימות עוברות.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.8 <noreply@anthropic.com>

mcp-server/src/legal_mcp/services/halacha_extractor.py

@@ -64,6 +64,15 @@ EXTRACTION_FAILURE_THRESHOLD = 0.5
 # never contain holdings, only positions, so we skip them.
 EXTRACTABLE_SECTIONS = ("legal_analysis", "ruling", "conclusion")
 
+# Sections confidently classified as NON-reasoning (parties' positions, the
+# factual background, the opening). The fallback path — taken when the chunker
+# labeled nothing as an extractable section (non-standard headings → 'other') —
+# excludes these so facts/arguments are NEVER fed into extraction, while
+# reasoning that merely landed under 'other' is still reached. Raises precision
+# on the dominant Facts↔Reasoning confusion class (#81.6; INV-LRN2
+# quality-at-source; LegalSeg / rhetorical-role labeling).
+NON_REASONING_SECTIONS = ("facts", "appellant_claims", "respondent_claims", "intro")
+
 
 # Two prompts — choose by source's is_binding flag.
 #
@@ -498,6 +507,39 @@ async def extract(case_law_id: UUID | str, force: bool = False,
         await pool.release(lock_conn)
 
 
+async def _select_extractable_chunks(
+    case_law_id: UUID,
+) -> tuple[list[dict], bool]:
+    """Pick the chunks that are candidates for halacha extraction (#81.6).
+
+    Rhetorical-role pre-filter (INV-LRN2 quality-at-source): only
+    reasoning/decision sections feed extraction.
+
+    Primary: chunks labeled as an extractable section
+    (``EXTRACTABLE_SECTIONS``). Fallback — taken only when the chunker labeled
+    *nothing* extractable (non-standard headings collapse everything to
+    'other') — is every chunk EXCEPT those confidently classified as
+    non-reasoning (``NON_REASONING_SECTIONS``: facts / parties' arguments /
+    intro). This preserves recall for reasoning that landed under 'other' while
+    never feeding the factual background or the parties' positions into
+    extraction. Previously the fallback took *all* chunks, re-admitting exactly
+    the sections the primary filter excludes.
+
+    Returns ``(chunks, used_fallback)`` so the caller can log the fallback once.
+    """
+    chunks = await db.list_precedent_chunks(
+        case_law_id, section_types=EXTRACTABLE_SECTIONS,
+    )
+    if chunks:
+        return chunks, False
+    all_chunks = await db.list_precedent_chunks(case_law_id)
+    filtered = [
+        c for c in all_chunks
+        if c.get("section_type") not in NON_REASONING_SECTIONS
+    ]
+    return filtered, True
+
+
 async def _extract_impl(case_law_id: UUID, force: bool = False,
                         effort: str | None = None) -> dict:
     """Core extraction (caller holds the global advisory lock for the duration).
@@ -514,20 +556,14 @@ async def _extract_impl(case_law_id: UUID, force: bool = False,
 
     is_binding = bool(record.get("is_binding"))
 
-    # Try the targeted sections first (legal_analysis / ruling / conclusion).
-    # If the chunker labeled everything as 'other' (common when a ruling
-    # uses non-standard headings or the section markers aren't bracketed
-    # cleanly), fall back to ALL chunks — better to over-include than to
-    # silently skip a ruling that has reasoning under an unexpected label.
-    chunks = await db.list_precedent_chunks(
-        case_law_id, section_types=EXTRACTABLE_SECTIONS,
-    )
-    if not chunks:
-        chunks = await db.list_precedent_chunks(case_law_id)
-        if chunks:
+    # Rhetorical-role pre-filter (#81.6, INV-LRN2): only reasoning/decision
+    # sections are candidates. The fallback (no targeted section labeled)
+    # still excludes facts/arguments/intro — see _select_extractable_chunks.
+    chunks, used_fallback = await _select_extractable_chunks(case_law_id)
+    if used_fallback and chunks:
         logger.info(
             "halacha_extractor: case_law=%s — no targeted sections, "
-                "falling back to all %d chunks",
+            "falling back to %d non-argument chunks (facts/arguments excluded)",
             case_law_id, len(chunks),
         )
     if not chunks:
@@ -655,10 +691,10 @@ async def _extract_impl(case_law_id: UUID, force: bool = False,
 
     await asyncio.gather(*[_process(c) for c in pending])
 
-    # Decide final status from what's LEFT (re-read checkpoints).
-    after = await db.list_precedent_chunks(case_law_id, section_types=EXTRACTABLE_SECTIONS)
-    if not after:
-        after = await db.list_precedent_chunks(case_law_id)
+    # Decide final status from what's LEFT (re-read checkpoints). Use the same
+    # candidate-selection policy as above so the pending count matches the set
+    # we actually extracted from (G2 — single source of truth, no parallel path).
+    after, _ = await _select_extractable_chunks(case_law_id)
     still_pending = sum(1 for c in after if c.get("halacha_extracted_at") is None)
     total = len(await db.list_halachot(case_law_id=case_law_id, limit=10_000))
 

mcp-server/tests/test_halacha_rhetorical_prefilter.py

@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+"""Tests for TaskMaster #81.6 — rhetorical-role pre-filter on halacha extraction.
+
+Only reasoning/decision sections should feed halacha extraction (INV-LRN2
+quality-at-source). The historical bug: when the chunker labeled *nothing* as an
+extractable section (non-standard headings → everything 'other'), the fallback
+took ALL chunks — re-admitting the factual background and the parties'
+arguments, exactly the sections the primary filter excludes. The dominant
+extraction error class is Facts↔Reasoning confusion (LegalSeg), so feeding facts
+into extraction directly lowers precision.
+
+Fix: ``_select_extractable_chunks`` — the fallback now excludes
+``NON_REASONING_SECTIONS`` (facts / appellant_claims / respondent_claims /
+intro) while still reaching reasoning that merely landed under 'other'.
+
+Runs fully OFFLINE — monkeypatches ``db.list_precedent_chunks`` so no Postgres
+is needed (same style as ``test_halacha_reextract_preserves_approved.py``).
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import asyncio
+from uuid import uuid4
+
+import pytest
+
+from legal_mcp.services import db, halacha_extractor
+
+
+def _chunk(idx: int, section_type: str) -> dict:
+    return {
+        "id": uuid4(),
+        "chunk_index": idx,
+        "content": f"chunk-{idx}-{section_type}",
+        "section_type": section_type,
+        "page_number": None,
+        "halacha_extracted_at": None,
+    }
+
+
+def _patch_chunks(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch, all_chunks: list[dict]) -> list[dict]:
+    """Patch db.list_precedent_chunks to filter ``all_chunks`` like Postgres would.
+
+    Returns a list that records every call's ``section_types`` argument so a
+    test can assert whether the unfiltered fallback query was issued.
+    """
+    calls: list = []
+
+    async def _fake(case_law_id, section_types=None):  # noqa: ANN001
+        calls.append(section_types)
+        if section_types:
+            return [c for c in all_chunks if c["section_type"] in section_types]
+        return list(all_chunks)
+
+    monkeypatch.setattr(db, "list_precedent_chunks", _fake)
+    return calls
+
+
+def _run(coro):
+    loop = asyncio.new_event_loop()
+    try:
+        return loop.run_until_complete(coro)
+    finally:
+        loop.close()
+
+
+def test_primary_path_returns_only_reasoning_sections(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """When extractable sections exist, return exactly them — no fallback."""
+    all_chunks = [
+        _chunk(0, "facts"),
+        _chunk(1, "legal_analysis"),
+        _chunk(2, "appellant_claims"),
+        _chunk(3, "ruling"),
+        _chunk(4, "conclusion"),
+    ]
+    calls = _patch_chunks(monkeypatch, all_chunks)
+
+    chunks, used_fallback = _run(
+        halacha_extractor._select_extractable_chunks(uuid4()),
+    )
+
+    assert used_fallback is False
+    got = sorted(c["section_type"] for c in chunks)
+    assert got == ["conclusion", "legal_analysis", "ruling"]
+    # Only the filtered query ran — the unfiltered fallback was never issued.
+    assert calls == [halacha_extractor.EXTRACTABLE_SECTIONS]
+
+
+def test_fallback_excludes_facts_and_arguments(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """No targeted section → fall back, but never to facts/arguments/intro."""
+    all_chunks = [
+        _chunk(0, "intro"),
+        _chunk(1, "facts"),
+        _chunk(2, "appellant_claims"),
+        _chunk(3, "respondent_claims"),
+        _chunk(4, "other"),   # reasoning that landed under an unexpected label
+        _chunk(5, "other"),
+    ]
+    calls = _patch_chunks(monkeypatch, all_chunks)
+
+    chunks, used_fallback = _run(
+        halacha_extractor._select_extractable_chunks(uuid4()),
+    )
+
+    assert used_fallback is True
+    # Only the 'other' chunks survive — facts / arguments / intro are dropped.
+    assert {c["section_type"] for c in chunks} == {"other"}
+    assert len(chunks) == 2
+    # Both queries ran: the filtered primary (empty), then the unfiltered fallback.
+    assert calls == [halacha_extractor.EXTRACTABLE_SECTIONS, None]
+
+
+def test_fallback_all_nonreasoning_extracts_nothing(monkeypatch: pytest.MonkeyPatch) -> None:
+    """A doc that is entirely facts/arguments/intro yields zero candidates —
+    extraction never runs on the factual background."""
+    all_chunks = [
+        _chunk(0, "intro"),
+        _chunk(1, "facts"),
+        _chunk(2, "appellant_claims"),
+        _chunk(3, "respondent_claims"),
+    ]
+    _patch_chunks(monkeypatch, all_chunks)
+
+    chunks, used_fallback = _run(
+        halacha_extractor._select_extractable_chunks(uuid4()),
+    )
+
+    assert used_fallback is True
+    assert chunks == []
+
+
+def test_non_reasoning_set_is_disjoint_from_extractable() -> None:
+    """The two policy sets must never overlap — a section cannot be both a
+    reasoning candidate and a confidently-excluded one."""
+    assert not (
+        set(halacha_extractor.NON_REASONING_SECTIONS)
+        & set(halacha_extractor.EXTRACTABLE_SECTIONS)
+    )