# legal_documents

id: administrative-courts-law-2000
type: statute
title: חוק בתי משפט לעניינים מינהליים, תש"ס-2000
title_en: Administrative Courts Law, 5760-2000
short_name: ACL
status: in_force
issued_date: 2000-07-25
in_force_date: 2004-09-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_206.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Administrative Courts Law 5760-2000 establishes the jurisdiction and procedure of administrative courts in Israel. These courts hear appeals against administrative decisions, including decisions by regulatory authorities such as the Privacy Protection Authority, the Israel Securities Authority, and telecommunications regulators.


id: annual-leave-law-1951
type: statute
title: חוק חופשה שנתית, תשי"א-1951
title_en: Annual Leave Law, 5711-1951
short_name: ALL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1951-06-11
in_force_date: 1951-06-11
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/007_002.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Annual Leave Law 5711-1951 establishes the right of every employee to paid annual leave. It sets minimum leave entitlements based on length of service and regulates the timing and payment of leave.


id: anti-money-laundering-law-2000
type: statute
title: חוק איסור הלבנת הון, תש"ס-2000
title_en: Prohibition of Money Laundering Law, 5760-2000
short_name: AML
status: in_force
issued_date: 2000-08-03
in_force_date: 2002-02-17
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_207.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Prohibition of Money Laundering Law 5760-2000 criminalizes money laundering and establishes the Israel Money Laundering and Terror Financing Prohibition Authority (IMPA). It mandates customer due diligence (KYC), suspicious activity reporting, and record-keeping obligations for financial institutions. The law implements FATF recommendations and includes data handling and information-sharing provisions.


id: banking-licensing-law-1981
type: statute
title: חוק הבנקאות (רישוי), תשמ"א-1981
title_en: Banking (Licensing) Law, 5741-1981
short_name: BLL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1981-01-01
in_force_date: 1981-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_076.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Banking (Licensing) Law 5741-1981 modernizes the banking licensing regime in Israel. It establishes requirements for obtaining and maintaining a banking license, capital adequacy requirements, and supervisory powers of the Bank of Israel. The law addresses information security obligations, requiring banks to implement protective measures for customer data and financial systems.


id: banking-ordinance-1941
type: statute
title: פקודת הבנקאות, 1941
title_en: Banking Ordinance, 1941
short_name: BO
status: in_force
issued_date: 1941-01-01
in_force_date: 1941-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/p187_001.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Banking Ordinance 1941 is the foundational legislation governing banking in Israel, originally enacted during the British Mandate period and subsequently amended. It establishes the licensing framework for banks, prudential requirements, and the supervisory authority of the Bank of Israel over the banking system.


id: basic-law-legislation-2001
type: statute
title: חוק יסוד: חקיקה
title_en: Basic Law: Legislation (draft — not yet enacted)
short_name: BL-LEG
status: not_yet_in_force
issued_date: 2001-01-01
in_force_date: 2001-01-01
url: https://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/BasicLawLegislation.pdf
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
Basic Law: Legislation is a proposed Basic Law intended to define the legislative process of the Knesset. It was introduced as a draft but has not yet been enacted into law.


id: basic-law-the-army-1976
type: statute
title: חוק יסוד: הצבא
title_en: Basic Law: The Military, 5736-1976
short_name: BL-MIL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1976-04-01
in_force_date: 1976-04-01
url: https://www.knesset.gov.il/laws/special/eng/BasicLawArmy.pdf
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
Basic Law: The Military (5736-1976) establishes the constitutional framework for the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). It defines the army as subject to the authority of the Government, regulates military service obligations, and provides the constitutional basis for the Defense Service Law.


id: civil-procedure-regulations-1984
type: statute
title: תקנות סדר הדין האזרחי, תשמ"ד-1984
title_en: Civil Procedure Regulations, 5744-1984
short_name: CPR
status: in_force
issued_date: 1984-01-01
in_force_date: 1984-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_103.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Civil Procedure Regulations 5744-1984 govern civil litigation procedures in Israeli courts. They address pleadings, discovery, interim remedies, trial procedure, evidence, and enforcement of judgments. The regulations include provisions on electronic filing and electronic discovery.


id: civil-wrongs-ordinance-1968
type: statute
title: פקודת הנזיקין [נוסח חדש], תשכ"ט-1968
title_en: Civil Wrongs Ordinance (New Version), 5728-1968
short_name: CWO
status: in_force
issued_date: 1968-01-01
in_force_date: 1968-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/p230_001.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Civil Wrongs Ordinance (New Version) 5728-1968 is the primary tort law statute in Israel. It establishes the framework for negligence, breach of statutory duty, trespass, nuisance, defamation, and other civil wrongs. Relevant to data breach liability, negligent data handling, and cybersecurity malpractice claims.


id: communications-law-1982
type: statute
title: חוק התקשורת (בזק ושידורים), תשמ"ב-1982
title_en: Communications Law (Telecommunications and Broadcasting), 5742-1982
short_name: CommL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1982-01-01
in_force_date: 1984-02-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/044_001.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Communications Law (Telecommunications and Broadcasting) 5742-1982 regulates telecommunications and broadcasting in Israel. It establishes licensing requirements, regulates network operators, and includes provisions relevant to privacy of communications and data security of telecommunications infrastructure.


id: companies-law-1999
type: statute
title: חוק החברות, תשנ"ט-1999
title_en: Companies Law, 5759-1999
short_name: CoL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1999-02-15
in_force_date: 2000-02-01
url: https://www.gov.il/en/departments/legalinfo/companies_law
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Companies Law 5759-1999 is the primary legislation governing corporate entities in Israel. It covers incorporation, corporate governance, directors' duties, shareholders' rights, mergers, and dissolution. For cybersecurity compliance purposes, key sections address directors' duty of care regarding information systems (Sections 252-256), reporting obligations (Section 270A), and corporate liability for data breaches affecting shareholders.


id: consumer-protection-law-1981
type: statute
title: חוק הגנת הצרכן, תשמ"א-1981
title_en: Consumer Protection Law, 5741-1981
short_name: CPL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1981-03-12
in_force_date: 1981-09-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_075.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Consumer Protection Law 5741-1981 protects consumers against unfair business practices, misleading advertising, and defective goods and services. It establishes disclosure requirements, cooling-off periods for distance selling, and class action provisions. The law is relevant to digital commerce, online services, and SaaS agreements.


id: contracts-general-part-law-1973
type: statute
title: חוק החוזים (חלק כללי), תשל"ד-1973
title_en: Contracts (General Part) Law, 5733-1973
short_name: CGL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1973-04-10
in_force_date: 1973-04-10
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/067_001.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Contracts (General Part) Law 5733-1973 establishes the general principles of contract law in Israel. It governs the formation, interpretation, validity, and performance of contracts, including electronic contracts and digital agreements.


id: copyright-law-2007
type: statute
title: חוק זכות יוצרים, תשס"ח-2007
title_en: Copyright Law, 5768-2007
short_name: CopyL
status: in_force
issued_date: 2007-11-19
in_force_date: 2008-05-25
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_701.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Copyright Law 5768-2007 provides comprehensive copyright protection in Israel, replacing the pre-state Copyright Ordinance. It covers literary, artistic, dramatic, and musical works, computer programs, databases, broadcasts, and sound recordings. The law addresses digital rights management, ISP liability, and fair use.


id: courts-law-1984
type: statute
title: חוק בתי המשפט [נוסח משולב], תשמ"ד-1984
title_en: Courts Law (Consolidated Version), 5744-1984
short_name: CtL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1984-01-01
in_force_date: 1984-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_104.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Courts Law (Consolidated Version) 5744-1984 establishes the structure and jurisdiction of the Israeli court system. It defines the hierarchy of courts (Magistrate, District, Supreme), jurisdiction rules, judicial appointment, and procedural matters.


id: credit-data-law-2002
type: statute
title: חוק נתוני אשראי, תס"ב-2002
title_en: Credit Data Law, 5762-2002
short_name: CDL
status: in_force
issued_date: 2002-01-01
in_force_date: 2002-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_611.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Credit Data Law 5762-2002 regulates the collection, processing, and dissemination of credit data in Israel. It establishes the Credit Data System, regulates credit bureaus, and provides individual rights regarding credit reports.


id: criminal-procedure-law-1982
type: statute
title: חוק סדר הדין הפלילי [נוסח משולב], תשמ"ב-1982
title_en: Criminal Procedure Law (Consolidated Version), 5742-1982
short_name: CrimPL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1982-01-01
in_force_date: 1982-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_092.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Criminal Procedure Law (Consolidated Version) 5742-1982 governs criminal procedure in Israel from investigation through trial, sentencing, and appeal. It is relevant to cybercrime prosecution and digital forensics.


id: cyber-defense-law-2016
type: statute
title: הנחיית רשות הסייבר הלאומי להגנת הסייבר בגופים ציבוריים
title_en: National Cyber Directorate - Cyber Defense Directive for Public Bodies, 2016
short_name: CDD
status: in_force
issued_date: 2016-02-14
in_force_date: 2016-02-14
url: https://www.gov.il/en/departments/news/14022016_01
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The National Cyber Directorate (INCD) Cyber Defense Directive for Public Bodies (2016) establishes cybersecurity requirements for designated public bodies and critical infrastructure operators in Israel. Based on authority derived from the Regulation of Security in Public Bodies Law, this directive mandates risk assessments, security controls, incident reporting, and coordination with the National Cyber Directorate.


id: data-security-regulations-2017
type: statute
title: תקנות הגנת הפרטיות (אבטחת מידע), תשע"ז-2017
title_en: Protection of Privacy Regulations (Data Security), 5777-2017
short_name: DSR
status: in_force
issued_date: 2017-03-21
in_force_date: 2018-05-08
url: https://www.gov.il/en/departments/legalinfo/data_security_regulation
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Protection of Privacy Regulations (Data Security) 2017 impose technical and organisational security requirements on database owners. They establish four security levels (basic, medium, high, critical) and mandate risk assessments, security policies, access controls, encryption, incident response procedures, and annual security audits. The regulations implement Section 17 of the Privacy Protection Law 1981.


id: database-registration-regulations-1986
type: statute
title: תקנות הגנת הפרטיות (רישום מאגרי מידע), תשמ"ז-1986
title_en: Protection of Privacy (Registration of Databases) Regulations, 5746-1986
short_name: DBRR
status: in_force
issued_date: 1986-01-01
in_force_date: 1986-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_121.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Protection of Privacy (Registration of Databases) Regulations 5746-1986 implement Section 8 of the Privacy Protection Law 1981. They require registration of databases containing personal information with the Registrar of Databases, including details about the database purpose, types of data stored, data sharing arrangements, and security measures.


id: defense-service-law-1986
type: statute
title: חוק שירות ביטחון [נוסח משולב], תשמ"ז-1986
title_en: Defense Service Law (Consolidated Version), 5746-1986
short_name: DSL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1986-01-01
in_force_date: 1986-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_114.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Defense Service Law (Consolidated Version) 5746-1986 regulates compulsory military service, reserve duty, and exemptions from service in Israel. It implements the constitutional framework established by Basic Law: The Military.


id: economic-competition-law-1988
type: statute
title: חוק התחרות הכלכלית, תשמ"ט-1988
title_en: Economic Competition Law, 5748-1988
short_name: ECL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1988-01-01
in_force_date: 1988-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_156.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Economic Competition Law 5748-1988 (formerly Restrictive Trade Practices Law) governs competition law and antitrust regulation in Israel. It establishes the Israel Competition Authority (formerly Antitrust Authority), prohibits anti-competitive agreements, regulates mergers, and addresses abuse of dominant position. Relevant to technology sector competition and digital markets.


id: electronic-signature-law-2001
type: statute
title: חוק חתימה אלקטרונית, תס"א-2001
title_en: Electronic Signature Law, 5761-2001
short_name: ESL
status: in_force
issued_date: 2001-08-07
in_force_date: 2001-08-07
url: https://www.gov.il/en/departments/legalinfo/electronic_signature_law
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Electronic Signature Law 5761-2001 provides the legal framework for electronic signatures and electronic documents in Israel. It recognizes three types of electronic signatures with varying levels of legal effect and establishes a certification authority regime.


id: emergency-powers-detention-law-1979
type: statute
title: חוק סמכויות שעת חירום (מעצרים), תשל"י-1979
title_en: Emergency Powers (Detention) Law, 5739-1979
short_name: EPDL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1979-01-01
in_force_date: 1979-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/073_006.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Emergency Powers (Detention) Law 5739-1979 authorizes administrative detention during states of emergency. It sets conditions for detention orders, judicial review requirements, and maximum detention periods. The law operates under the framework of the Basic Law: The Government emergency powers provisions.


id: employment-equal-opportunities-law-1988
type: statute
title: חוק שוויון הזדמנויות בעבודה, תשמ"ח-1988
title_en: Employment (Equal Opportunities) Law, 5748-1988
short_name: EEOL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1988-03-01
in_force_date: 1988-03-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_138.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Employment (Equal Opportunities) Law 5748-1988 prohibits discrimination in employment on various grounds including sex, sexual orientation, age, race, religion, nationality, country of origin, pregnancy, parenthood, fertility treatments, and disability. It addresses hiring, terms of employment, promotion, training, dismissal, and severance.


id: employment-law-1959
type: statute
title: חוק שירות התעסוקה, תשי"ט-1959
title_en: Employment Service Law, 5719-1959
short_name: EmSL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1959-01-01
in_force_date: 1959-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/017_002.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Employment Service Law 5719-1959 establishes the public employment service in Israel. It regulates the operation of employment agencies, job placement services, and worker protection in the hiring process.


id: encouragement-of-research-law-1984
type: statute
title: חוק לעידוד מחקר ופיתוח וחדשנות טכנולוגית בתעשייה, תשמ"ד-1984
title_en: Encouragement of Research, Development and Technological Innovation in Industry Law, 5744-1984
short_name: RDTL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1984-12-10
in_force_date: 1985-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_101.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Encouragement of Research, Development and Technological Innovation in Industry Law 5744-1984 (commonly known as the Innovation Authority Law, following 2016 amendments) establishes the Israel Innovation Authority (formerly Office of the Chief Scientist) and provides the framework for government support of R&D and technological innovation. It addresses IP protection, grant conditions, and restrictions on transfer of know-how abroad.


id: environmental-protection-law-2008
type: statute
title: חוק אוויר נקי, תשס"ח-2008
title_en: Clean Air Law, 5768-2008
short_name: CAL
status: in_force
issued_date: 2008-07-29
in_force_date: 2011-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_723.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Clean Air Law 5768-2008 regulates air pollution prevention and control in Israel. It establishes emission standards, permitting requirements, monitoring obligations, and enforcement mechanisms. Relevant to data center operations and industrial facility environmental compliance.


id: evidence-ordinance-1971
type: statute
title: פקודת הראיות [נוסח חדש], תשל"א-1971
title_en: Evidence Ordinance (New Version), 5731-1971
short_name: EO
status: in_force
issued_date: 1971-01-01
in_force_date: 1971-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/p232_001.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Evidence Ordinance (New Version) 5731-1971 governs the law of evidence in Israeli courts. It covers admissibility, competence and compellability of witnesses, documentary evidence, expert evidence, and electronic evidence. The ordinance addresses admissibility of computer-generated records, digital evidence, and electronic documents.


id: financial-services-regulation-law-2005
type: statute
title: חוק הפיקוח על שירותים פיננסיים, תשס"ה-2005
title_en: Financial Services Regulation (Financial Services) Law, 5765-2005
short_name: FSRL
status: in_force
issued_date: 2005-01-01
in_force_date: 2005-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_629.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Financial Services Regulation (Financial Services) Law 5765-2005 establishes the regulatory framework for non-banking financial services in Israel, including investment advice, portfolio management, and financial marketing. It requires licensing, imposes conduct-of-business rules, and includes client data protection obligations.


id: freedom-of-information-law-1998
type: statute
title: חוק חופש המידע, תשנ"ח-1998
title_en: Freedom of Information Law, 5758-1998
short_name: FoIL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1998-05-19
in_force_date: 1999-05-19
url: https://www.gov.il/en/departments/legalinfo/freedom_of_information_law
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Freedom of Information Law 5758-1998 establishes the right of every citizen or resident to receive information from public authorities. It sets out the procedures for requesting information and the grounds for refusal.


id: genetic-information-law-2000
type: statute
title: חוק מידע גנטי, תש"ס-2000
title_en: Genetic Information Law, 5761-2000
short_name: GIL
status: in_force
issued_date: 2000-12-25
in_force_date: 2001-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_211.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Genetic Information Law 5761-2000 regulates the performance of genetic tests, storage of genetic samples, and use of genetic information in Israel. It restricts insurance and employment discrimination based on genetic information and establishes the Genetic Information Board.


id: government-companies-law-1975
type: statute
title: חוק החברות הממשלתיות, תשל"ו-1975
title_en: Government Companies Law, 5735-1975
short_name: GCL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1975-08-04
in_force_date: 1975-08-04
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/070_001.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Government Companies Law 5735-1975 governs the establishment, management, and oversight of companies owned or controlled by the Government of Israel. It establishes corporate governance requirements, transparency obligations, and the role of the Government Companies Authority.


id: hazardous-substances-law-1993
type: statute
title: חוק החומרים המסוכנים, תשנ"ג-1993
title_en: Hazardous Substances Law, 5753-1993
short_name: HSL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1993-01-01
in_force_date: 1993-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_285.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Hazardous Substances Law 5753-1993 regulates the production, import, storage, transport, and disposal of hazardous substances. It establishes licensing requirements, safety standards, and emergency response obligations. Relevant to industrial cybersecurity in chemical and manufacturing sectors.


id: hours-of-work-and-rest-law-1951
type: statute
title: חוק שעות עבודה ומנוחה, תשי"א-1951
title_en: Hours of Work and Rest Law, 5711-1951
short_name: HWRL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1951-06-11
in_force_date: 1951-06-11
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/007_001.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Hours of Work and Rest Law 5711-1951 regulates working hours, overtime, and rest periods in Israel. It establishes the standard work week, maximum working hours, mandatory rest days, and overtime compensation requirements.


id: insurance-business-law-1981
type: statute
title: חוק הפיקוח על עסקי ביטוח, תשמ"א-1981
title_en: Insurance Business (Control) Law, 5741-1981
short_name: IBL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1981-01-01
in_force_date: 1981-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_079.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Insurance Business (Control) Law 5741-1981 regulates the insurance industry in Israel. It establishes licensing requirements for insurers and insurance agents, solvency requirements, policyholder protection, and supervisory authority of the Commissioner of Insurance (now Capital Markets Authority). The law includes data protection obligations for insurance companies handling policyholder personal information.


id: national-health-insurance-law-1994
type: statute
title: חוק ביטוח בריאות ממלכתי, תשנ"ד-1994
title_en: National Health Insurance Law, 5754-1994
short_name: NHIL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1994-06-26
in_force_date: 1995-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_289.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The National Health Insurance Law 5754-1994 establishes universal health insurance in Israel through four health maintenance organizations (kupot holim). It mandates a comprehensive basket of medical services and regulates the collection and use of health data.


id: patent-law-1967
type: statute
title: חוק הפטנטים, תשכ"ז-1967
title_en: Patents Law, 5727-1967
short_name: PatL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1967-04-04
in_force_date: 1968-04-04
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/050_001.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Patents Law 5727-1967 governs the patent system in Israel. It establishes requirements for patentability (novelty, inventive step, industrial application), the patent application process, rights of patent holders, compulsory licensing, and enforcement. Israel is a member of the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT).


id: patients-rights-law-1996
type: statute
title: חוק זכויות החולה, תשנ"ז-1996
title_en: Patient's Rights Law, 5756-1996
short_name: PRL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1996-05-01
in_force_date: 1996-05-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_529.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Patient's Rights Law 5756-1996 establishes the rights of patients in Israel, including informed consent, access to medical records, privacy of medical information, and the right to a second opinion. The law is directly relevant to health data privacy and electronic health records.


id: penal-law-1977
type: statute
title: חוק העונשין, תשל"ז-1977
title_en: Penal Law, 5737-1977
short_name: PL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1977-08-04
in_force_date: 1977-08-04
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/073_002.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Penal Law 5737-1977 is the primary criminal code of Israel. It defines criminal offenses, penalties, defenses, and sentencing principles. Relevant sections address fraud, forgery, cybercrime (via amendments and the Computers Law), invasion of privacy, and economic crimes.


id: planning-and-building-law-1965
type: statute
title: חוק התכנון והבנייה, תשכ"ו-1965
title_en: Planning and Building Law, 5725-1965
short_name: PBL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1965-06-26
in_force_date: 1966-09-12
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/042_001.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Planning and Building Law 5725-1965 is the primary legislation governing land use planning and building in Israel. It establishes the planning hierarchy (national, district, local), building permit requirements, and enforcement mechanisms. Relevant to infrastructure projects, data center construction, and critical infrastructure siting.


id: postal-law-1986
type: statute
title: חוק רשות הדואר, תשמ"ז-1986
title_en: Postal Authority Law, 5746-1986
short_name: PAL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1986-01-01
in_force_date: 1987-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_120.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Postal Authority Law 5746-1986 governs postal services in Israel. It establishes the Israel Postal Company, regulates mail services, and protects the privacy of postal communications. The law includes provisions on the secrecy of correspondence and conditions for opening mail.


id: privacy-protection-transfer-abroad-regulations-2001
type: statute
title: תקנות הגנת הפרטיות (העברת מידע למאגרי מידע שמחוץ לישראל), תס"א-2001
title_en: Protection of Privacy (Transfer of Data to Databases Abroad) Regulations, 5761-2001
short_name: DTBR
status: in_force
issued_date: 2001-01-01
in_force_date: 2001-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_609.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Protection of Privacy (Transfer of Data to Databases Abroad) Regulations 5761-2001 regulate cross-border transfers of personal data from Israel. They establish conditions for data transfers, including adequacy requirements, consent, and contractual safeguards. These regulations implement Section 36 of the Privacy Protection Law and align with international data protection standards.


id: regulation-of-security-1998
type: statute
title: חוק הסדרת האבטחה בגופים ציבוריים, תשנ"ח-1998
title_en: Regulation of Security in Public Bodies Law, 5758-1998
short_name: RSPBL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1998-01-01
in_force_date: 1998-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_574.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Regulation of Security in Public Bodies Law 5758-1998 establishes security requirements for critical infrastructure and public bodies in Israel. It mandates the appointment of security officers and implementation of security measures for designated organizations.


id: securities-law-1968
type: statute
title: חוק ניירות ערך, תשכ"ח-1968
title_en: Securities Law, 5728-1968
short_name: SecL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1968-08-20
in_force_date: 1968-08-20
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/055_001.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Securities Law 5728-1968 regulates the issuance and trading of securities in Israel. It establishes the Israel Securities Authority (ISA), mandates prospectus requirements, continuous disclosure obligations for public companies, insider trading prohibitions, and corporate governance requirements. ISA Cyber Risk Management Directive (2017) supplements this law with cybersecurity reporting requirements for public companies.


id: severance-pay-law-1963
type: statute
title: חוק פיצויים, תשכ"ג-1963
title_en: Severance Pay Law, 5723-1963
short_name: SPL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1963-01-01
in_force_date: 1963-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/035_001.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Severance Pay Law 5723-1963 establishes the right of employees to severance pay upon termination of employment. It defines the circumstances in which severance pay is due, the calculation method, and special provisions for resignation and retirement.


id: standard-contracts-law-1982
type: statute
title: חוק החוזים האחידים, תשמ"ב-1982
title_en: Standard Contracts Law, 5743-1982
short_name: SCL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1982-11-15
in_force_date: 1983-05-15
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_093.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Standard Contracts Law 5743-1982 regulates standard form contracts in Israel. It establishes the Standard Contracts Tribunal, which has authority to review and modify unfair terms in standard form contracts. This law is relevant to software licensing, SaaS agreements, terms of service, and privacy policies.


id: state-comptroller-law-1958
type: statute
title: חוק מבקר המדינה, תשי"ט-1958
title_en: State Comptroller Law, 5718-1958 (Consolidated Version)
short_name: StCL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1958-01-01
in_force_date: 1958-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/016_001.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The State Comptroller Law 5718-1958 establishes the State Comptroller as the external auditor of the Government, government companies, local authorities, and other public bodies. The State Comptroller also serves as the Ombudsman for public complaints.


id: taxation-ordinance-1961
type: statute
title: פקודת מס הכנסה [נוסח חדש], תשכ"א-1961
title_en: Income Tax Ordinance (New Version), 5721-1961
short_name: ITO
status: in_force
issued_date: 1961-01-01
in_force_date: 1961-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/p222_001.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Income Tax Ordinance (New Version) 5721-1961 is the primary income tax legislation in Israel. It covers taxation of individuals and corporations, tax rates, deductions, exemptions, and reporting obligations. Relevant to technology company tax incentives and transfer pricing of intellectual property.


id: terror-financing-prohibition-law-2005
type: statute
title: חוק איסור מימון טרור, תשס"ה-2005
title_en: Prohibition on Terror Financing Law, 5765-2005
short_name: TFL
status: in_force
issued_date: 2005-01-01
in_force_date: 2005-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_627.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Prohibition on Terror Financing Law 5765-2005 criminalizes the financing of terrorism and provides for the designation and freezing of terrorist assets. It implements UN Security Council Resolution 1373 and FATF standards on combating terror financing.


id: trade-secrets-law-1999
type: statute
title: חוק עוולות מסחריות, תשנ"י-1999
title_en: Trade Secrets Law, 5759-1999
short_name: TSL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1999-02-01
in_force_date: 1999-02-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/999_571.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Trade Secrets Law 5759-1999 provides protection for confidential business information in Israel. It defines trade secrets, prohibits misappropriation, and establishes remedies including injunctions and damages. The law is relevant to cybersecurity as it protects proprietary technology, algorithms, and security configurations.


id: trademarks-ordinance-1972
type: statute
title: פקודת סימני מסחר [נוסח חדש], תשל"ב-1972
title_en: Trademarks Ordinance (New Version), 5732-1972
short_name: TMO
status: in_force
issued_date: 1972-01-01
in_force_date: 1972-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/p233_001.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Trademarks Ordinance (New Version) 5732-1972 governs trademark registration and protection in Israel. It establishes the trademark registry, registration requirements, rights of trademark owners, and enforcement mechanisms. Israel is a member of the Madrid Protocol for international trademark registration.


id: wiretapping-law-1979
type: statute
title: חוק האזנת סתר, תשל"ט-1979
title_en: Wiretapping Law, 5739-1979
short_name: WL
status: in_force
issued_date: 1979-01-01
in_force_date: 1979-01-01
url: https://www.nevo.co.il/law_html/law01/073_008.htm
last_updated: 2026-02-27 06:57:41
description:
The Wiretapping Law 5739-1979 regulates wiretapping and electronic surveillance in Israel. It prohibits unauthorized interception of communications, establishes a judicial warrant process for lawful interception, and sets penalties for illegal wiretapping. The law is directly relevant to cybersecurity surveillance, law enforcement access to communications, and privacy of electronic communications.


# legal_provisions

document_id: administrative-courts-law-2000
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Administrative Courts
content:
Section 1. Administrative courts are divisions of the District Courts designated to hear administrative matters as specified in this Law and the schedules hereto.


document_id: administrative-courts-law-2000
provision_ref: sec5
section: 5
title: Jurisdiction
content:
Section 5. Administrative courts have jurisdiction over petitions and appeals against decisions of administrative authorities as specified in the schedules to this Law, including licensing decisions, regulatory orders, and enforcement actions.


document_id: administrative-courts-law-2000
provision_ref: sec8
section: 8
title: Procedure
content:
Section 8. Administrative court proceedings shall be conducted in accordance with the rules prescribed by the Minister of Justice, with due regard to the special nature of administrative adjudication.


document_id: annual-leave-law-1951
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: Leave Entitlement
content:
Section 3. The minimum annual leave entitlement is: (a) 14 working days for the first 4 years of employment; (b) 16 days in the 5th year; (c) 18 days in the 6th year; (d) 21 days in the 7th year and beyond.


document_id: annual-leave-law-1951
provision_ref: sec5
section: 5
title: Timing of Leave
content:
Section 5. The employer shall determine the timing of the annual leave after consulting with the employee. At least 7 consecutive days of leave shall be granted.


document_id: annual-leave-law-1951
provision_ref: sec10
section: 10
title: Leave Payment
content:
Section 10. During annual leave, the employee shall be paid leave pay equivalent to the regular wages the employee would have received had the employee worked during that period.


document_id: anti-money-laundering-law-2000
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. In this Law: "laundering offense" - an act performed with property derived from a predicate offense, with the purpose of concealing or disguising the illicit origin of the property, the identity of the rights holders, or the source, location, disposition, or movement of such property; "predicate offense" - an offense listed in the First Schedule to this Law; "Authority" - the Israel Money Laundering and Terror Financing Prohibition Authority.


document_id: anti-money-laundering-law-2000
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: Prohibition of Money Laundering
content:
Section 2. (a) A person who performs a transaction in property or provides a financial service in connection with property knowing it to be derived from a predicate offense, with the purpose of concealing or disguising its origin, commits a money laundering offense. (b) A person who performs a transaction in property, knowing it to be property in which a money laundering offense was committed, commits a money laundering offense.


document_id: anti-money-laundering-law-2000
provision_ref: sec7
section: 7
title: Customer Identification
content:
Section 7. (a) Financial institutions shall identify and verify the identity of their customers before establishing a business relationship or conducting a transaction. (b) Financial institutions shall identify the beneficial owner of the property involved in the transaction.


document_id: anti-money-laundering-law-2000
provision_ref: sec9
section: 9
title: Reporting Obligations
content:
Section 9. (a) Financial institutions shall report to the Authority any unusual transaction or any transaction that the institution has reason to suspect involves property derived from an offense. (b) Reports shall be made in the form and manner prescribed by the Authority.


document_id: anti-money-laundering-law-2000
provision_ref: sec10
section: 10
title: Record Keeping
content:
Section 10. Financial institutions shall maintain records of customer identification documents and transaction records for a period of not less than 7 years from the date of the transaction or the termination of the business relationship.


document_id: anti-money-laundering-law-2000
provision_ref: sec25
section: 25
title: Information Sharing
content:
Section 25. The Authority may share information with foreign counterpart authorities pursuant to international agreements, subject to conditions prescribed to protect the confidentiality of the information and the rights of individuals.


document_id: banking-licensing-law-1981
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. Definitions. In this Law: "banking corporation" - a body corporate licensed to carry on banking business in Israel; "auxiliary corporation" - a corporation controlled by a banking corporation that provides services ancillary to banking.


document_id: banking-licensing-law-1981
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: License Requirement
content:
Section 3. No body corporate shall carry on banking business in Israel unless it has been granted a license by the Governor of the Bank of Israel.


document_id: banking-licensing-law-1981
provision_ref: sec5
section: 5
title: Capital Requirements
content:
Section 5. The Governor may prescribe minimum capital requirements for banking corporations, taking into account the nature and extent of the corporation's activities and the risks to which it is exposed.


document_id: banking-licensing-law-1981
provision_ref: sec14
section: 14
title: Risk Management
content:
Section 14. A banking corporation shall maintain adequate systems for risk management, internal controls, compliance, and information security, as prescribed by the Supervisor of Banks.


document_id: banking-licensing-law-1981
provision_ref: sec27
section: 27
title: Outsourcing
content:
Section 27. A banking corporation that outsources any of its activities shall ensure that the outsourcing arrangements comply with requirements prescribed by the Supervisor, including data protection and information security requirements.


document_id: banking-ordinance-1941
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. Definitions. "banking business" - the acceptance of deposits of money from the public for the purpose of lending or investing, and including the provision of banking services; "bank" - a body corporate licensed to conduct banking business under this Ordinance; "Supervisor of Banks" - the officer appointed by the Governor of the Bank of Israel to supervise banks.


document_id: banking-ordinance-1941
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: License Requirement
content:
Section 2. No person shall conduct banking business except under a license issued under this Ordinance.


document_id: banking-ordinance-1941
provision_ref: sec14A
section: 14A
title: Banking Secrecy
content:
Section 14A. Banking Secrecy. (a) A bank, its officers, employees, and agents shall maintain the confidentiality of information regarding customers' accounts and affairs. (b) Banking information shall not be disclosed except with the customer's consent or as required by law.


document_id: banking-ordinance-1941
provision_ref: sec22
section: 22
title: Supervision
content:
Section 22. The Supervisor of Banks shall supervise the operations of banks and ensure compliance with this Ordinance, including the maintenance of adequate capital, liquidity, and risk management practices.


document_id: basic-law-freedom-of-occupation-1994
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Basic principles
content:
The basic human rights in Israel are based on the recognition of the value of the human being, the sanctity of his life, and his being a free person, and they shall be upheld in the spirit of the principles in the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel. Purpose


document_id: basic-law-freedom-of-occupation-1994
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: Purpose
content:
The purpose of this Basic Law is to protect the freedom of occupation, in order to establish the values of the State of Israel as a Jewish and Democratic state, in a basic law. Freedom of occupation


document_id: basic-law-freedom-of-occupation-1994
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: Freedom of occupation
content:
Every citizen or inhabitant of the State is entitled to engage in any occupation, profession or trade. Violation of the freedom of occupation


document_id: basic-law-freedom-of-occupation-1994
provision_ref: sec4
section: 4
title: Violation of the freedom of occupation
content:
The freedom of occupation is not to be violated, save by a law that corresponds to the values of the State of Israel, which is designed to serve an appropriate purpose, and to an extent no greater than required, or on the basis of a law, as aforementioned, by force of an explicit authorization therein. Application


document_id: basic-law-freedom-of-occupation-1994
provision_ref: sec5
section: 5
title: Application
content:
Each one of the government authorities is obliged to uphold the freedom of occupation of every citizen or resident. Stability


document_id: basic-law-freedom-of-occupation-1994
provision_ref: sec6
section: 6
title: Stability
content:
Emergency regulations do not have the power to change this Basic Law, to temporarily suspend its validity, or to subject it to conditions. Rigidity


document_id: basic-law-freedom-of-occupation-1994
provision_ref: sec7
section: 7
title: Rigidity
content:
This Basic Law is not to be changed save by a basic-law that was adopted by a majority of the Knesset Members. The validity of a divergent law (Amendment No. 2) 8 (a) A provision of the law that violates the freedom of occupation, shall be valid even though it does not correspond with article 4, if it was included in a law that was adopted by a majority of the Knesset Members, and explicitly states that it is valid despite what is stated in this Basic Law. The validity of a law, as stated, shall expire at the end of four years from its inception, unless an earlier date was prescribed in it. (b) The provision regarding the expiration of validity, as stated in clause (a), shall not apply to a law adopted before the end of a year from the inception date of this Basic Law. Repeal


document_id: basic-law-freedom-of-occupation-1994
provision_ref: sec10
section: 10
title: Temporary provision 2)
content:
Legislative provisions, which in the absence of this BasicLaw, or the Basic Law that was repealed as stated in article 9, were valid on the eve of the inception of this Basic Law, shall remain in force until the 1st of Nisan 5762 (March 14, 2002), unless they were repealed beforehand, but the interpretation of the said provisions shall be construed in the spirit of this Basic-Law. Amendment of BasicLaw: Human Dignity and Liberty


document_id: basic-law-human-dignity-1992
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Basic principles
content:
The basic human rights in Israel are based on the recognition of the value of the human being, the sanctity of his life, and his being a free person, and they shall be upheld in the spirit of the principles included in the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel. Purpose


document_id: basic-law-human-dignity-1992
provision_ref: sec1a
section: 1a
title: Purpose
content:
The purpose of this Basic Law is to protect human dignity and liberty, in order to embed the values of the State of Israel as a Jewish and democratic state, in a basic law. Preservation of life, body and dignity


document_id: basic-law-human-dignity-1992
provision_ref: sec5
section: 5
title: Personal liberty
content:
The liberty of a human being shall not be taken or restricted, by means of imprisonment, detention, extradition, or in any other manner. Departure from the State of Israel, and


document_id: basic-law-human-dignity-1992
provision_ref: sec7
section: 7
title: Privacy and intimacy
content:
(b) Every Israeli citizen who is abroad is entitled to enter Israel. (a) Every person has a right to privacy and to intimacy in his life. (b) There shall be no entry into the private premises of a person, without his permission. (c) No search shall be held on the private premises of a person, upon his body, in his body, or among his private effects. (d) The confidentiality of conversation of a person, his writings or his records shall not be violated. Violation of rights (Amendment No. 1)


document_id: basic-law-human-dignity-1992
provision_ref: sec8
section: 8
title: Violation of rights
content:
One is not to violate the rights accorded by this Basic Law save by means of a law that corresponds to the values of the State of Israel, which serves an appropriate purpose, and to an extent that does not exceed what is required, or on the basis of a law, as aforementioned, by force of an explicit authorization therein. Reservation regarding the security forces


document_id: basic-law-human-dignity-1992
provision_ref: sec9
section: 9
title: Reservation regarding the security forces
content:
The rights of persons serving in the Israel Defense Forces, the Israel Police, the Prisons Service, and other security organizations of the State, shall not be limited under this Basic Law, nor shall these rights be subject to conditions, save by virtue of a law, or by regulation enacted by virtue of a law, and to an extent that does not exceed what is required by the essence and nature of the service. Retention of laws


document_id: basic-law-human-dignity-1992
provision_ref: sec10
section: 10
title: Retention of laws
content:
This Basic Law shall not affect the validity of any law that existed prior to the inception of the Basic Law. Applicability


document_id: basic-law-human-dignity-1992
provision_ref: sec11
section: 11
title: Applicability
content:
Each and every government authority is obliged to respect the rights in accordance with this Basic Law. Stability of the law


document_id: basic-law-human-dignity-1992
provision_ref: sec12
section: 12
title: Stability of the law
content:
Emergency regulations do not have the power to change this Basic Law, to temporarily suspend it, or to lay down conditions to it. However, when a state of emergency exists in the State, by virtue of a declaration under article 9 of the Law and Administration Ordinance 5708-1948, emergency regulations may be enacted on the basis of the said article, that will involve denial or limitation of rights under this Basic Law, provided that the denial or limitation shall be for a worthy purpose, and for a period and an extent that do not exceed the required.


document_id: basic-law-israel-lands-1960
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Prohibition of ownership transfer
content:
The ownership of Israel’s Lands, which is the real estate belonging to the State, the Development Authority, or the Jewish National Fund, shall not be transferred, whether by means of sale, or in any other manner. Permission by law


document_id: basic-law-israel-lands-1960
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: Permission by law
content:
Article 1 shall not apply to categories of real estate and categories of transactions prescribed on this matter by law. Definition


document_id: basic-law-israel-lands-1960
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: Definition
content:
In this law "real estate" – land, houses, buildings, and anything permanently attached to the ground.


document_id: basic-law-jerusalem-1980
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Intention
content:
This Basic Law is designed to lay down in Basic-Law: Jerusalem the Capital of Israel, a limitation on a change of the confines of the territory of Jerusalem, and the application of the law, jurisdiction and administration of the State of Israel in this territory, and is also designed to prohibit the transfer of any sort of governmental or municipal authority, relating to the territory of Jerusalem, to any body, which does not act by force of a law of the State of Israel. Retention of laws.


document_id: basic-law-jerusalem-1980
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: President, the Knesset, the Government and the Supreme Court
content:
Jerusalem is the seat of the President of the State, the Knesset, the Government, and the Supreme Court. Protection of the Holy Places


document_id: basic-law-jerusalem-1980
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: Protection of the Holy Places
content:
The Holy Places shall be protected against desecration, and any other violation, and against anything that is liable to violate the freedom of access of members of the various religions to the places sacred to them, or to offend their feelings towards those places. The development of Jerusalem


document_id: basic-law-jerusalem-1980
provision_ref: sec4
section: 4
title: The development of Jerusalem
content:
(a) The Government shall pursue the development and prosperity of Jerusalem, and the welfare of its inhabitants, by allocating special resources, including a special annual grant to the Municipality of Jerusalem (Capital City Grant), with the approval of the Knesset Finance Committee. (b) Jerusalem shall be granted special priorities in the activities of the State authorities for the development of Jerusalem in market and economic issues, and in other issues. (c) The Government shall set up a special body or bodies to implement this article. The confines of the territory of Jerusalem (Amendment No. 1)


document_id: basic-law-jerusalem-1980
provision_ref: sec5
section: 5
title: The confines of the territory of Jerusalem
content:
Inter alia, the limits of Jerusalem include, for the purpose of this Basic Law, the whole area described in the addendum to the declaration of the expansion of the limits of the Jerusalem municipality of 20 Sivan 5727 (June 28, 1967), that was issued under the Municipalities Ordinance. Prohibition to delegate powers (Amendment No. 1 & 2)


document_id: basic-law-jerusalem-1980
provision_ref: sec6
section: 6
title: Prohibition to delegate powers (Amendment No. 1 & 2)
content:
No powers concerning the limits of the Jerusalem Municipality area, including the area described in the addendum on the expansion of the area of the municipality of Jerusalem on 20 Sivan 5767 (June 28, 1967) that was issued under the Municipalities Ordinance, and all as was in force on the day of the beginning of Basic-Law: Jerusalem the Capital of Israel (Amendment No. 2), shall be transferred to a foreign political or governing power, or to another similar foreign authority, whether permanently or for a given period. Rigidity (Amendments No. 1 & 2)


document_id: basic-law-jerusalem-1980
provision_ref: sec7
section: 7
title: Rigidity (Amendments No. 1 & 2)
content:
The provisions of article 6 are not to be changed, save by a Basic law adopted by a majority of eighty Members of the Knesset. The provisions of this article are not to be changed save by means of a basic law adopted by a majority of the Knesset Members. (Adopted on December 7, 2000) Intention


document_id: basic-law-nation-state-2018
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: 1.
content:
(a) The Land of Israel is the historical homeland of the Jewish People, in which the State of Israel was established. (b) The State of Israel is the nation state of the Jewish People in which it realizes its natural, cultural, religious and historical right to self-determination. (c) The realization of the right to national selfdetermination in the State of Israel is exclusive to the Jewish People. (a) The name of the State is "Israel" (b) The State flag is white, with two light-blue stripes close to the edges, and a light-blue Star of David in the centre. (c) The State emblem is a seven-branched menorah with olive leaves on both sides, and the word "Israel" beneath it. (d) The national anthem is "Hatikvah". (e) Details regarding the State symbols shall be prescribed by law. The capital of the State


document_id: basic-law-nation-state-2018
provision_ref: sec4
section: 4
title: Language
content:
(a) Hebrew is the language of the State. (b) Arabic has a special status in the State. Regulation of the use of Arabic in state institutions or in contacts with them shall be prescribed by law. (c) Nothing in this article shall compromise the status given to the Arabic language in practice, before this basic-law came into force. Ingathering of the exiles


document_id: basic-law-nation-state-2018
provision_ref: sec5
section: 5
title: Ingathering of the exiles
content:
The State shall be open to Jewish immigration, and the ingathering of the exiles. The connection to the Jewish People


document_id: basic-law-nation-state-2018
provision_ref: sec6
section: 6
title: The connection to the Jewish People
content:
(a) The State shall strive to secure the welfare of members of the Jewish People and of its citizens, who are in straits and in captivity, due to their Jewishness or due to their citizenship. (b) The State shall act in the Diaspora, to strengthen the affinity between the State and members of the Jewish People. (c) The State shall act to preserve the cultural, historical, and religious heritage of the Jewish People among Jews of the Diaspora. Jewish settlement


document_id: basic-law-nation-state-2018
provision_ref: sec7
section: 7
title: Jewish settlement
content:
The State views the development of Jewish settlement as a national value, and shall act to encourage and promote its establishment and consolidation. Official calendar


document_id: basic-law-nation-state-2018
provision_ref: sec8
section: 8
title: Official calendar
content:
The Hebrew calendar is the official calendar of the State, and side by side with it, the Gregorian calendar shall be used as an official calendar. The use of the Hebrew calendar and the Gregorian calendar shall be prescribed by law. Independence Day and memorial days


document_id: basic-law-nation-state-2018
provision_ref: sec9
section: 9
title: Independence Day and memorial days
content:
(a) Independence Day is the official national holiday of the State. (b) Memorial Day for the Fallen in Israel's Wars, and the Remembrance Day for the Holocaust and Martyrdom, are official memorial days of the State. Days of rest and statutory holidays


document_id: basic-law-nation-state-2018
provision_ref: sec10
section: 10
title: Days of rest and statutory holidays
content:
The Sabbath and the Jewish holidays are the established days of rest in the State. Those who are not Jewish have the right to keep days of rest on their days of rest and holidays. Details regarding this matter shall be prescribed by law. Rigidity


document_id: basic-law-nation-state-2018
provision_ref: sec11
section: 11
title: Rigidity
content:
This basic-law may not be changed save by means of a basiclaw, adopted by a majority of the Knesset Members.


document_id: basic-law-referendum-2014
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: 1.
content:
(a) Should the Government decide to ratify an agreement, or sign an agreement, according to which the law, jurisdiction and administration of the State of Israel shall no longer apply to territory in which they currently apply, including an agreement that involves a future undertaking, and a conditioned undertaking, after the agreement has been approved by the Knesset by a majority of its members, it shall require approval in a referendum, unless it has been approved by a majority of 80 Members of the Knesset. (b) Should the Government decide, by means other than an agreement, that the law, jurisdiction and administration of the State of Israel shall no longer apply to territory in which they currently apply, after the decision has been approved by the Knesset by a majority of its members, it shall require approval in a referendum, unless it has been approved by a majority of 80 Members of the Knesset. Anyone who would have had the right to participate in elections to the Knesset, were they to take place on the date on which the referendum is to be held, is entitled to participate in the referendum. Application of provisions


document_id: basic-law-referendum-2014
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: Application of provisions
content:
The legal provisions that apply to elections to the Knesset shall apply to the holding of the referendum, with the necessary adjustments, and changes prescribed by law. Stability


document_id: basic-law-referendum-2014
provision_ref: sec4
section: 4
title: Stability
content:
Emergency regulations do not have the power to change this Basic Law, to temporarily invalidate it, or to set conditions to it. Rigidity


document_id: basic-law-referendum-2014
provision_ref: sec5
section: 5
title: Rigidity
content:
This Basic Law can only be changed by means of a basic law adopted by a majority of the Knesset Members.


document_id: basic-law-the-army-1976
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: Minister of Defense
content:
Section 3. The Minister charged with the army on behalf of the Government is the Minister of Defense.


document_id: basic-law-the-army-1976
provision_ref: sec4
section: 4
title: Chief of Staff
content:
Section 4. The supreme command level in the army is the Chief of the General Staff. The Chief of the General Staff is subject to the authority of the Government and subordinate to the Minister of Defense.


document_id: basic-law-the-army-1976
provision_ref: sec5
section: 5
title: Duty of Service
content:
Section 5. The duty to serve in the army and the conditions of such service shall be prescribed by law or by regulations made by virtue of law.


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec4
section: 4
title: Responsibility
content:
The Government is collectively responsible to the Knesset. A minister is responsible to the Prime Minister for the tasks for which the Minister is responsible.


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec5
section: 5
title:
The Government is collectively responsible to the Knesset. A minister is responsible to the Prime Minister for the tasks for which the Minister is responsible.

content:
(a) The Government is made up of the Prime Minister and other ministers, and in a rotation government - also the Alternate Prime Minister. (b) The Prime Minister, and in a rotation government –the Alternate Prime Minister as well, shall be from among the Members of the Knesset. Another minister need not be from among the Members of the Knesset. (c) A minister shall be appointed to a ministry, but may be a minister without portfolio, or an additional minister in a ministry as detailed in article 24a. (d) One of the Ministers, who is a Member of the Knesset, may substitute for the Prime Minister. (e) A minister may be Deputy Prime Minister. (f) [Repealed] (a) A person who is not an Israeli citizen or a resident of Israel shall not be appointed as minister. (b) A person who serves in an office or position listed in article 7 of Basic-Law: The Knesset, shall not be appointed as minister, unless he has ceased to serve in Make-up of the Government (Amendments Nos. 1, 3 and 8 and temporary provision & No. 11) Eligibility of the Ministers


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec6
section: 6
title: Eligibility of the Ministers
content:
that office or that position upon, or prior to his appointment, as shall be prescribed by law. (c) Assigning the task of forming a government


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec7
section: 7
title: Assigning the task of forming a government
content:
(1) A person who has been convicted of an offence, and has been sentenced to actual imprisonment, and on the day of his appointment seven years have not gone by since he ended serving the punishment of an actual imprisonment, shall not be appointed as minister, unless the Chairperson of the Central Elections Committee has ruled that there is no moral turpitude involved in the circumstances of the offence for which he was convicted. (2) The Chairperson of the Central Elections Committee shall not rule as stated in clause (1), if the court has ruled that the offence for which he was sentenced involves moral turpitude. (d) A person shall not be appointed as minister if he has a citizenship that is other than Israeli, if the laws in the country of which he is a citizen enables his release from this citizenship, only after he has done whatever is necessary on his part to be released from it. (e) A Member of the Knesset who has withdrawn from his Parliamentary Group, and did not resign from his service soon after withdrawing, shall not be a minister during the term of that Knesset. This provision shall not apply to a parliamentary group that has split in accordance with the conditions prescribed by law. For the purpose of this clause, "withdrawing from a parliamentary group" - as defined in article 6a of (f) With regards to this article – “Actual imprisonment” – including conditional imprisonment that was put into action. “Offence” – each of the offences for which he/she was sentenced to actual imprisonment. (a) Once a new government must be formed, after consulting the representatives of the Parliamentary Groups, the President of the State shall assign the task of forming a government to one of the Knesset Members, who has agreed to do so. The President shall assign the said task within seven days from the publication of the election results, or from the day on which the need to form a new government was created, and in the case of the death of the Prime Minister within 14 days of his death. (b) Should these consultations take place before the new Knesset has convened, the President shall consult with the representatives of the lists of candidates, which shall be represented in the new Knesset. (c) This article shall not apply to the formation of a government following the expression of noconfidence, on the basis of article 28, or following the submission of a request to the President of the State on the basis of article 29(b), and the provisions detailed in the relevant articles shall apply. Period for formation of a government


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec8
section: 8
title: Period for formation of a government
content:
The Member of the Knesset to whom the President of the State has assigned the task of forming a government on the basis of article 7, has 28 days in which to perform his task. The President is entitled to prolong this period by additional periods, as long as all together they shall not exceed 14 days. Reassignment of the task


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec9
section: 9
title: Reassignment of the task
content:
(a) Should the period mentioned in article 8 have elapsed, and the Member of the Knesset has not informed the President of the State that he has formed a government, or has informed him beforehand that he is unable to form a government, or that he has presented a government, and the Knesset rejected the request to express confidence in it on the basis of article 13(d), the President shall assign the task of forming a government to another Member of the Knesset, who has informed the President that he is willing to assume the task, or shall inform the Speaker of the Knesset that he sees no possibility of arriving at the formation of a government, and all within three days from the day on which the period ended, or from the day on which the Member of the Knesset announced that he is unable to form a government, or from the day on which the request to express confidence in the Government was rejected, as the case may be. (b) Before assigning the task of forming a government on the basis of this article, or before informing the Speaker of the Knesset that he sees no possibility of reaching the formation of a Government, the President is entitled to once again consult the representatives of the Knesset Parliamentary Groups. (c) The Member of the Knesset to whom the task of forming a government was assigned on the basis of this article, has a period of 28 days to accomplish his task. (a) Should the President of the State inform the Knesset Speaker, on the basis of article 9(a), that he sees no possibility of arriving at the formation of a government, or that he assigned the task of forming a government to a Member of the Knesset on the basis of that article, and the Member of the Knesset did not inform the President within 28 days that he has formed a government, or he informed him beforehand that he Assigning the task on the basis of request of a majority of the Knesset Members


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec10
section: 10
title: the basis of request of a majority of the Knesset Members
content:
is unable to form a government, or he presented a government and the Knesset rejected the request to expressed confidence in it on the basis of article 13(d), a majority of the Knesset Members are entitled to ask the President of the State, in writing, to assign the task to a certain Knesset Member, who has agreed to it in writing, and all within 21 days from the announcement of the President, or from the day on which the period mentioned in article 9(c) has elapsed, or from the day of the announcement of the Knesset Member that he is unable to form a government, or from the day on which the request to express confidence in the Government was rejected, as the case may be. Early elections in the absence of a government


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec11
section: 11
title: Early elections in the absence of a government
content:
(b) If a request has been submitted as stated in clause (a), within two days the President shall assign the task of forming a government to the Member of the Knesset mentioned in the request. (c) The Member of the Knesset upon whom the task of forming a government on the basis of this article was vested, has 14 days to perform his task. (a) If a request as stipulated in article 10(a) was not submitted, or if the Member of the Knesset failed to form a government in the period assigned to him on the basis of article 10(c), or if he informed the President beforehand that he is unable to form a government, the President of the State shall inform the Knesset Speaker thereof. (b) Should the President announce, as stated in clause (a), or if the Member of the Knesset charged with the task of forming a government, on the basis of article 10(a), presented a government, and the Knesset rejected the request to express confidence in it on the basis of article 13(d), the Knesset shall be deemed to have decided to dissolve itself before the end of its term, and the elections to the Knesset shall take place on the last Tuesday before the end of the 90 days from the announcement of the President, or from the day on which the request to express confidence in the Government was rejected. Cessation of proceedings to form a government


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec12
section: 12
title: Cessation of proceedings to form a government
content:
Once a law has been adopted for the dissolution of the Knesset, the proceedings for the formation of a government shall cease. Formation of the Government (Amendment No. 11)


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec13
section: 13
title: Formation of the Government
content:
(a) Once the President of the State has assigned the task of forming a government to a Member of the Knesset, he shall inform the Speaker of the Knesset, and the Speaker of the Knesset shall notify the Knesset thereof. Formation of rotation government (Amendment No. 8 and temporary provision) 13a (b) Once the Member of the Knesset has formed a government, he shall inform the President of the State and the Speaker of the Knesset thereof, and the Speaker of the Knesset shall notify the Knesset thereof, and set a sitting for the purpose of forming the Government, within seven days from the day of the notification of the Knesset on the basis of this clause. (c) The Member of the Knesset who formed a government shall head it. (d) Once the Government has been formed, it shall present itself before the Knesset, announce the guidelines of its policy, its make-up, and the distribution of functions, or spheres of activity among the Ministers, and shall request an expression of confidence. The Government shall be formed once the Knesset has expressed confidence in it, and from that moment the Ministers shall assume office. (a) In this basic law – “Date of the rotation” – the stipulated date on which the rotation shall take place between the Prime Minister and the Alternate Prime Minister; “Rotation government” – a government that during its period of office the Member of the Knesset, who formed the Government, and an additional Member of the Knesset shall alternately stand at its head; “Alternate Prime Minister” – the Member of the Knesset designated to serve as Prime Minister in a rotation government, and the Member of the Knesset who served as Prime Minister in that Rotation Government before the rotation. (b) Despite what is said in article 13(c), the Government formed can be a rotation government on the basis of the provisions of this Basic Law. (c) In a rotation government, every minister and deputy minister shall be identified as being affiliated with the Prime Minister or with the Alternate Prime Minister. (d) (1) The number of ministers identified as having an affiliation with the Prime Minister shall be equal to the number of ministers identified as having an affiliation with the alternate Prime Minister. However, should the number of ministers be unequal, as stated, the Government shall lay down an apparatus for voting according to which the voting power of the total number of ministers having an affiliation with the Prime Minister in the Government shall be equal to the voting power of the total number of ministers having an affiliation with the Alternate Prime Minister, or rules with regards to the manner in which decisions are taken, that will promise the stated ratio. (Amendment No. 10) (2) (e) The provisions of paragraph (1) shall also apply to ministerial committees, save ministerial committees in which the identity of their members was prescribed by law, if the said law does not enable the Government to appoint additional members to them. Without detracting from the provisions of article 13(d) once a rotation government has been formed, it shall present itself before the Knesset, shall announce the following details, and shall request an expression of confidence: (1) The identity of the Prime Minister and the identity of the Alternate Prime Minister; (2) The date of the rotation; (3) The identity of the Ministers affiliated with the Prime Minister, and the identity of the Ministers affiliated with the Alternate Prime Minister. The Rotation Government shall be established once the Knesset has expressed confidence in it, and from that moment the Minister shall enter their offices. (f) Once the Knesset has expressed confidence in the Rotation Government, or as close as possible thereafter – (1) The Prime Minister shall make the following declaration of allegiance to the Knesset, with regards to his period of office as Prime Minister before the date of the rotation, and with regards to the period of his office as Alternate Prime Minister after the date of the rotation: "I (the name) hereby undertake as Prime Minister and as the Alternate Prime Minister in future, to remain faithful to the State of Israel and its laws, and faithfully perform my office as Prime Minister, and as Alternate Prime Minister, and abide by the resolutions of the Knesset". (2) The Alternate Prime Minister shall declare before the Knesset the following declaration of allegiance, with regards to his period of office as Alternate Prime Minister before the date of the rotation, and with regards to the period of his office as Prime Minister after the date of the rotation: "I (the name) hereby undertake as Alternate Prime Minister and as Prime Minister in future, to remain faithful to the State of Israel and its laws, and faithfully perform my office as Prime Minister, and as Alternate Prime Minister, and abide by the resolutions of the Knesset". (g) (h) Declaration of allegiance (in an ordinary government – translator’s comment)


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec14
section: 14
title: allegiance (in an ordinary government – translator’s comment)
content:
Without detracting from the provisions of article 13(d), should the Knesset express confidence in the Rotation Government, when the date of the rotation arrives, the rotation shall be carried out in the following manner: (1) The service of the Prime Minister shall end, and the Alternate Prime Minister shall commence his service as Prime Minister; (2) On this date, and simultaneously, he whose office as Prime Minister came to an end, shall begin his service as Alternate Prime Minister. The carrying out of the rotation as stated in clause (g), does not require an additional expression of confidence by the Knesset, and an additional declaration of allegiance by the Prime Minister and the Alternate Prime Minister, and the rotation shall not be viewed as a resignation of the Government, as a resignation of the Prime Minister, and as a resignation of the Alternate Prime Minister, or as the formation of a new government. Once the Knesset has expressed confidence in the Government, or as soon as possible thereafter, the Prime Minister shall make the following declaration of allegiance to the Knesset: "I (the name) hereby undertake as Prime Minister to remain faithful to the State of Israel and its laws, and faithfully perform my office as Prime Minister, and abide by the resolutions of the Knesset", and each of the other Ministers shall make the following declaration of allegiance: "I (the name) hereby undertake as Prime Minister to remain faithful to the State of Israel and its laws, and faithfully perform my office as Prime Minister, and abide by the resolutions of the Knesset" And each of the other Ministers shall make the following declaration of allegiance: "I (the name) undertake as a member of the Government to remain faithful to the State of Israel and its laws, to faithfully perform my position as a member of the Government, and abide by the resolutions of the Knesset". Addition of a minister (Amendment No. 11)


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec15
section: 15
title: abide by the resolutions of the Knesset". Addition of a minister
content:
The Government is entitled, on the basis of a proposal by the Prime Minister, to add an additional minister to the Government. Once the Government has decided to add a minister, it shall inform the Knesset thereof, and of the duties of the additional Minister, or the spheres of activity for which he is responsible. Upon the approval of the notification by the Knesset, the additional Minister shall take office, and as soon as possible after the approval shall make the declaration of allegiance. Substituting the Prime Minister (Amendment No. 12)


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec16
section: 16
title: Substituting the Prime Minister (Amendment No. 12)
content:
(a) Should the Prime Minister be absent from the country, his substitute shall convene the Government meetings and run them. (b) Should the Prime Minister be temporarily incapable of performing his duties, his position shall be performed by the Substitute Prime Minister. After the passage of 100 consecutive days on which the Substitute Prime Minister served in the place of the Prime Minister, and he did not return to perform his duties, he shall be considered to be incapable of performing his duties on a permanent basis. (b1) (1) The incapacity of the Prime Minister to perform his duties, as stated in clause (b), shall be due to physical or mental inability only, and shall be determined in one of the following situations only: (a) (1) Should the Prime Minster inform the Government and the Speaker of the Knesset that he is incapable of performing his duties temporarily due to physical or mental inability, and the House Committee confirmed his announcement by a majority of two thirds of its members. (2) Should the Prime Minister make a statement as mentioned in subclause (1), he is entitled to inform the Government and the Speaker of the Knesset of the continuation of the incapacity in the same notice, or in a separate notice. (3) The Speaker of the Knesset shall inform the Knesset of the Prime Minister’s notices in accordance with sub-paragraphs (1) and (2). (b) (1) Should the Government decide, by a majority of three quarters of its members, that the Prime Minister is temporarily incapable of performing his duties due to physical or mental inability; the Prime Minister shall convene the Government on this matter at the request of three fifths of the members of the Government within three days of the time that the request was made, or at a later date should it be requested in a request to do so. Should the government meeting fail to be convened at the time as stated, the Secretary of the Government shall convene the Government immediately, and the Substitute Prime Minister shall conduct the meeting, and clause (c) shall apply with the required changes. (2) Should the Government decide that the Prime Minister is temporarily incapable of performing his duties as stated in paragraph (1), the decision shall remain valid for three days and shall be brought for the approval of the House Committee. The House Committee shall approve the Government decision by a majority of two thirds of its members, and if the decision was taken due to health reasons, the decision of the House Committee shall be based also on a medical opinion, provided in accordance with rules determined by the House Committee. Should the House Committee approve the Government’s decision, it is entitled to decide that the incapacity shall not continue for over seven days from when the Committee’s decision was taken. (3) Should the Prime Minister fail to submit a medical opinion in accordance with the rules determined by the House Committee, he shall be considered to have announced his incapacity on the basis of sub-paragraph (a). The incapacity according to this paragraph shall not continue for more than seven days. (4) Interrogation of the Prime Minister during and after his tenure of office, submission of indictment, and conviction


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec17
section: 17
title: office, submission of indictment, and conviction
content:
The prolongation of the incapacity beyond what is said in paragraphs (2) or (3) requires a Knesset decision, on the basis of a proposal of the House Committee, adopted by a majority of eighty Members of the Knesset. The Knesset shall be entitled to determine that the incapacity shall not continue for more than 21 days each time, as long as the total number of the periods shall not be above what is said in clause (b). (2) The House Committee is entitled to determine the end of the Prime Minister’s incapacity, that was decided in accordance with paragraph (1)(b)(2) or (4) by a decision of a majority of the members of the Committee, and if incapacity was determined for health reasons – on the basis of a medical opinion provided on the basis of rules determined by the Committee. The Chairperson of the House Committee shall inform the Knesset of the Committee’s decision. (3) The provisions of article 31 of Basic-Law: The Knesset, or in accordance with it shall not apply to dates laid down in this clause. (c) Should there be no substitute for the Prime Minister, or if the Substitute Prime Minster is unable to perform his duties on the basis of clauses (a) and (b), the Government shall designate another minister, who is a Member of the Knesset, to perform these duties. (a) A criminal investigation shall not be opened against the Prime Minister save with the consent of the Attorney General. (b) A criminal investigation shall not be opened against whoever served as Prime Minister, due to a suspicion of the performance of an offence that was performed during his tenure of office, or during the year after he ceased to serve, save with the consent of the Attorney General. (c) An indictment against the Prime Minister shall be filed by the Attorney General to the District Court in Jerusalem, which shall be made-up of three judges. Provisions regarding an indictment that was filed before the Prime Minister took office, shall be prescribed by law. Termination of service of the Prime Minister due to an offense


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec18
section: 18
title: Termination of service of the Prime Minister due to an offense
content:
(d) The court that convicted the Prime Minister for an offence, shall determine in its verdict whether the offense involves moral turpitude. (a) The Knesset is entitled, by means of a resolution by the majority of its members, to remove from office the Prime Minister, who was convicted of an offence, and the court decided in its verdict that it involves moral turpitude. (b) Within 30 days of the day on which the verdict was delivered as stated in clause (a), the Knesset House Committee shall decide on its recommendation regarding the removal of the Prime Minister from office, and shall bring its recommendation to the Knesset Plenum. Should the House Committee fail to bring its recommendation within the prescribed period, the Speaker of the Knesset shall raise the issue for debate in the Knesset Plenum. (c) The House Committee and the Knesset shall decide on the removal of the Prime Minister from office only after he has been given the opportunity to state his case to them. (d) Should the Prime Minister not be removed from office under this article, and the verdict as stated in clause (a) has become final, the service of the Prime Minister shall be terminated, and the Government shall be deemed to have resigned on the day on which the verdict became final. (e) The provisions of articles 42a and 42b of Basic-Law: The Knesset shall not apply to the Prime Minister. Resignation of the Prime Minister


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec19
section: 19
title: Resignation of the Prime Minister
content:
The Prime Minister may resign by submitting a letter of resignation to the President of the State, after notifying the Government of his intention to do so. The resignation of the Prime Minister is equivalent to the resignation of the Government. The Prime Minister who has passed away or is unable to perform the duties permanently


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec20
section: 20
title: who has passed away or is unable to perform the duties permanently
content:
(a) Should the Prime Minister pass away, the Government is considered to have resigned on the day of his passing. (b) Should the Prime Minister be unable to perform his duties on a permanent basis, the Government is considered to have resigned on the 101st day on which a replacement served in his place. (a) The Prime Minister, who has ceased to be a Member of the Knesset, shall be deemed to have resigned from The Prime Minister or his substitute, who


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec21
section: 21
title: The Prime Minister or his substitute, who
content:
have ceased to be Members of the Knesset Termination of service of a minister (Amendment No. 2) Termination of service of a Minister due to an offence Substituting a minister his office on the day that his membership in the Knesset ended. The resignation of the Prime Minister is equivalent to the resignation of the Government.


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec24
section: 24
title: 23.
content:
(b) A Minister, who is serving as a substitute for the Prime Minister, who has ceased to serve as Member of the Knesset, shall cease to serve as the substitute Prime Minister. (a) A minister, save the Prime Minister, is entitled to resign from the Government by submitting a letter of resignation to the Prime Minister, after giving notice to the Government of his intention to do so. His service in the Government shall end 48 hours after the letter of resignation was submitted to the Prime Minister, unless the Minister retracted his resignation beforehand. Should the said period end on a rest-day, its end shall be deferred to the next day that is not a rest day, all as prescribed by law. (b) The Prime Minister is entitled to remove a minister from office, after giving notice to the Government of his intention to do so. The service of the Minister shall terminate 48 hours after the letter of the removal from office has been submitted to him, unless the Prime Minister has retracted beforehand. Should the said period end on a rest-day, its end shall be deferred to the next day that is not a rest day, all as prescribed by law. (c) The service of a minister in the Government shall end upon his being elected or appointed to one of the positions whose holders are barred from being candidates for the Knesset. (a) An indictment against a minister, except for offences to be determined by law, shall be submitted to and dealt with in a district court. Provisions regarding an indictment that was submitted before the Minister started to serve in his office shall be prescribed by law. (b) The court that convicted a minister for an offence, shall state in its verdict whether that offence involves moral turpitude. Should the court rule as stated, the service of the Minister shall terminate on the day that the verdict was delivered. (c) This article shall not apply to the Prime Minister. (a) Should a minister, excluding the Prime Minister, be absent from the country, the Government may decide that another minister shall substitute for him. The substitute shall perform all, or part of the duties of the Minister, all as determined by the Government. (b) Should a minister temporarily cease to perform his duties, or be incapable of doing so, the Prime Minister or another minister designated by the Government, shall fill the position. (c) The period in which the position of the Minister, who ceased to serve as stated in clause (b), shall be filled, shall not exceed three months. An additional minister in a ministry (Amendment No. 11) 24a In a ministry which has an appointed minister, an additional minister, who shall be responsible, subject to the appointed Minister of the Ministry, for specific spheres within the Ministry’s spheres of activity, can be appointed Deputy ministers [Amendments Nos. 1, 4, 8 (and temporary provision) & 10)


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec25
section: 25
title: [Amendments Nos. 1, 4, 8 (and temporary provision) & 10)
content:
(a) A minister in charge of a ministry may, with the consent of the Prime Minister and the approval of the Government, appoint one deputy minister to that Ministry from among the Members of the Knesset. However, the Prime Minister is entitled to appoint, as stated, two deputy ministers in the Prime Minister’s Office. A deputy minister shall enter office once the Government has notified the Knesset of the appointment. A deputy minister appointed by the Prime Minister shall be called "Deputy Minister in the Prime Minister's Office". (a1) As close as possible to his appointment, a deputy minister shall make the following declaration of allegiance before the Knesset: "I (the name) undertake to remain faithful to the State of Israel and its laws, to faithfully perform my position as a deputy minister, and abide by the resolutions of the Knesset". Expiration of service of a deputy minister (Amendments 4 & 9)


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec26
section: 26
title: Expiration of service of a deputy minister
content:
(b) A deputy minister shall act in the Knesset and in the Ministry to which he was appointed, in the name of the Minister who appointed him, within the framework of the matters delegated to him. (c) A Member of the Knesset, who withdrew from his parliamentary group shall not be appointed as deputy minister during the term of that Knesset. This provision shall not apply to the splitting of a parliamentary group under conditions prescribed by law. For the purpose of this clause "withdrawing from a Parliamentary Group" - as defined by article 6a of (d) [Repealed] The office of a deputy minister shall terminate in each of the following situations: (1) The deputy minister resigned by submitting a letter of resignation to the Minister who appointed him. The service of the Deputy Minister ends 48 hours after the letter of resignation is handed over to the Minister, who appointed him, unless the Deputy Minister retracted beforehand. Should the said period fall on a rest day, the termination shall be deferred to the following day that is not a rest day, and all as prescribed by law; (2) Should the Minister who appointed him cease being a minister, or being in charge of the said Ministry; (3) The Prime Minister, the Government, or the Minister who appointed the Deputy Minister, decided to terminate his service. However, the Prime Minister shall not remove a deputy minister from his office before informing the Government, or the Minister who appointed the Deputy Minister, of his intention to do so. The service of the Deputy Minister shall terminate 48 hours after the letter of removal from office was handed over to him as stated, unless the Prime Minister, the Government, or the Minister who appointed him, as the case may be, retracted beforehand. Should the said period come to an end on a rest day, its termination shall be deferred to the following day that is not a rest day, and all as prescribed by law; (4) A new Government has been formed; (5) The Deputy Minister ceased being a Member of the Knesset. Terminating the service of a deputy minister due to an offence


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec27
section: 27
title: service of a deputy minister due to an offence
content:
The court that convicted a deputy minister of an offence, shall state in its verdict whether that offence involves moral turpitude. Should the court rule as stated, the service of the Deputy Minister shall end on the day that the verdict was delivered. Expression of noconfidence in the Government (Amendment No. 1)


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec28
section: 28
title: Expression of noconfidence in the Government
content:
(a) The Knesset is entitled to express no-confidence in the Government. (b) The expression of no-confidence in the Government shall be performed by means of a resolution of the Knesset, adopted by a majority of its Members, to express confidence in another Government that announced the basic guidelines of its policy, its makeup and the distribution of functions among the Ministers, as stated in article 13(d). The new Government shall be established once the Knesset has expressed confidence in it, and from that time the Ministers shall enter office. Authority to dissolve the Knesset (Amendment No. 1)


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec29
section: 29
title: Authority to dissolve the Knesset
content:
(c) Details regarding the submission of a motion to express no-confidence in the Government, and the debate on it shall be prescribed by law or the Knesset Rules of Procedure. Should the Motion be submitted by 61 Members of the Knesset, a debate shall take place as soon as possible, and no later than a week from the day of its submission. (a) Should the Prime Minister realize that there is a majority in the Knesset, which opposes the Government, and that as a result the effective activity of the Government is prevented, he is entitled, with the consent of the President of the State, to dissolve the Knesset by means of an order to be published in the Official Gazette. The order shall enter into force 21 days after its publication, unless a request has been submitted, on the basis of clause (b), and the Government is deemed to have resigned on the day that the order was published. (b) Within 21 days of the publication of the order, the majority of the Knesset Members are entitled to request the President of the State in writing to assign the formation of a government to a certain Member of the Knesset, who agreed to it in writing, and who is not the Prime Minister. (c) Should a request be submitted to the President of the State as aforesaid in clause (b), the President shall notify the Speaker of the Knesset thereof. Within two days the President shall assign the task of forming a Government to the Member of the Knesset named in the request. (d) The Member of the Knesset to whom the task of forming a government on the basis of this article was assigned by the President of the State, has 28 days to perform his task. The President is entitled to prolong this period by additional periods, as long as they shall not together exceed 14 days. (e) Should no request have been submitted as stated in clause (b), or should the period mentioned in clause (d) have elapsed, and the Member of the Knesset has not informed the President that he has formed a government, or should he have informed him beforehand that he is unable to form a government, the President of the State shall notify the Speaker of the Knesset thereof. (f) Should the President of the State give notice as stated in clause (e), or should the Member of the Knesset to whom the task of forming a Government on the basis of this article was assigned have presented a government, and the Knesset rejected the request to express confidence in it on the basis of article 13(d), the Knesset shall be deemed to have decided to dissolve itself before the end of its term, and elections to the Knesset shall be held on the last Tuesday before the end of the 90 days from the day on which the order came into force, or from the day on which the period for forming the Government ended, or from the day of the notification of the President, or from the day on which the request to express confidence in the Government was rejected, as the case may be. (g) Continuity of the Government (Amendment No. 1 & 9)


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec30
section: 30
title: Government 9)
content:
The Prime Minister shall not be entitled to use his authority on the basis of this article (1) from the beginning of the term of a new Knesset, until the formation of the new Government; (2) [Repealed] (3) after the resignation of the Prime Minister, or from the day on which a verdict was given in which it was determined that he was responsible for an offence that involves moral turpitude, until the day on which the Knesset adopted a resolution on the basis of article 18(a). (h) A minister who is substituting for the Prime Minister shall not be entitled to exercise the authority granted the Prime Minister on the basis of this article. (a) Upon the election of a new Knesset, or the resignation of the Government as stated in articles 18, 19, 20 or 21, or upon the submission of a request on the basis of article 29(b), the President of the State shall begin proceedings for the formation of a new Government, as stated in this Basic Law. (b) Upon the election of a new Knesset, or the resignation of the Government as stated in articles 18, 19, 20, 21 or 29, the outgoing Government shall continue to perform its functions until the new Government is formed. (c) The resigning Prime Minister shall continue to perform his duties until the new Government is formed. Should the Prime Minister pass away, should he be permanently unable to perform his duties, or should his term be terminated due to an offence, the Government shall designate another Minister, who is a Member of the Knesset, and a member of the Prime Minister's Parliamentary Group, to serve as acting Prime Minister until a new Government is formed. (d) A Government serving on the basis of clause (b), is entitled to appoint a Member of the Knesset to be a minister in place of the minister who has ceased to serve. The appointment of a Minister under this clause does not require the approval of the Knesset. In this clause, “Member of the Knesset” – including a minister or a deputy minister whose membership in the Knesset was terminated in accordance with article 42c of Basic-Law: The Knesset. Assigning the task of forming a government to a minister or deputy minister, whose membership in the Knesset has terminated (Amendment No. 9) 30a Despite what is said in articles 7 to 11, 13 and 29, a minister or a deputy minister, whose membership in the Knesset was terminated in accordance with article 42c of Basic-Law: The Knesset, may be assigned the task of forming a government, may be the subject of a request to assign to him the task of forming a government, or may be proposed as a candidate to be Prime Minister, in accordance of the provisions of the said articles, even though he is not a Member of the Knesset, but once he is Prime Minister his membership in the Knesset shall be renewed in accordance with the provisions of article 42c(c)(2) of Basic-Law: the Knesset. Substitute Prime Minister, Acting Prime Minister, or Alternate Prime Minister, who is a minister or deputy minister, whose membership in the Knesset has terminated (Amendment No. 9) 30b Despite what is said in articles 5(d), 16(c), 30(c) and 43(a), one may select, in accordance with the said articles, a minister whose membership in the Knesset was terminated on the basis of article 42c of Basic-Law: The Knesset, to substitute for the Prime Minister, or to serve as Acting Prime Minister, or a minister or deputy minister whose membership in the Knesset was terminated, as stated, as Alternate Prime Minister, even though he is not a Member of the Knesset, but once he is selected as stated his membership in the Knesset shall be renewed in accordance with the provisions of article 42c(c) of the said basic law. Functioning of the Government (Amendment No. 11)


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec31
section: 31
title: Functioning of the Government
content:
(a) The Government is entitled, with the approval of the Knesset, to change the distribution of functions among the Ministers, except for the function of the Prime Minister. (b) The Government is entitled, with the approval of the Knesset, to transfer a power bestowed by law upon one minister to another minister, or a duty assigned to him by law, either completely or partially, to another minister. (c) The Government is entitled, with the approval of the Knesset, to unite ministries, divide them, abolish them, or establish new ministries. (c1) The Government is entitled, with the approval of the Knesset, to decide that a minister shall serve as an additional minister in a ministry, and lay down specific spheres from among the Ministry’s spheres of activity, for which that minister will be responsible, subject to the Minister appointed to the Ministry, in accordance with the provisions of article 24a. (c2) The Government is entitled, in a ministry in which an additional minister serves, to transfer spheres of activity between him and the appointed Minister. (d) The Government is entitled, with the approval of the Knesset, to transfer spheres of activity from one ministry to another. (e) The Government is entitled to appoint permanent or temporary ministerial committees, or ministerial committees for particular matters. Once a committee has been appointed, the Government may operate by its means. (f) The Government shall lay down procedures for its sittings and work, its manner of deliberations, and the way its resolutions shall be adopted, whether regularly or on a certain matter. Residual powers of the Government


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec32
section: 32
title: Residual powers of the Government
content:
The Government is authorized to perform in the name of the State, subject to all laws, any act, which is not assigned by law to another authority. Delegation of powers (Amendment No. 5)


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec33
section: 33
title: Delegation of powers
content:
(a) A power conferred by law upon the Government may be delegated by the Government to one of the ministers. This article shall not apply to powers of the Government based on this Basic Law, save powers in accordance with article 32. (b) A power conferred upon a minister by law, or transferred to him in accordance with article 31(b), save the power to issue regulations, may be delegated by the Minister, in full or partially, or with reservations, to a civil servant. (c) A power delegated by the Government to a minister, save the power to issue regulations, may be delegated by the Minister, in full, or partially, or with reservations, to a civil servant if authorized by the Government to do so. (c1) Should the Prime Minister serve as a minister responsible for a ministry, he is also entitled to delegate his power, in accordance with the provisions of clauses (b) and (c), to a deputy minister in that ministry. (d) For the purpose of this article, a power conferred upon the Government or a minister, refers also to a duty assigned to them. (e) The provisions of this article shall apply if there is no other intention implied by the law, which confers the authority or assigns the duty. Assumption of powers


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec34
section: 34
title: Assumption of powers
content:
A Minister, who is in charge of implementing a law, is entitled to assume any power, with the exception of powers of a judicial nature, which is conferred by that law upon a civil servant, unless another intention is implied in the law. The Minister is entitled to act as stated with regards to a particular matter, or a specific period. Confidentiality


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec35
section: 35
title: Confidentiality
content:
(a) (b) The deliberations and decisions of the Government and of ministerial committees regarding the following matters are confidential, and their disclosure and publication is forbidden: (1) State security; (2) Foreign relations of the State; (3) Another type of matters, which the Government considered their confidentiality as essential to the State, and declared them as such in an order, for the purpose of this article; (4) A matter, which the Government decided to keep confidential, as long as disclosure and publication of such a matter is not forbidden, except to those who knew of the decision. The provisions of clause (a) shall not apply to matters that the Government, or the Prime Minister, or anyone whom the Government or Prime Minister authorized for this purpose, permitted to be published, or matters the publication of which is required by law. Salaries and pensions


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec36
section: 36
title: Salaries and pensions
content:
The salaries of the Ministers and the Deputy Ministers, and other payments that shall be paid to them during their tenure of office, or following it, or to their next in kin following their death, shall be prescribed by law, or in a resolution of the Knesset, or of one of its committees that the Knesset authorized for this purpose. Regulations


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec37
section: 37
title: Regulations
content:
(a) A minister, who is responsible for the implementation of a law, is authorized to issue regulations for its implementation. (b) A law may authorize the Prime Minister, or a minister, to issue regulations on a matter prescribed by the authorization. (a) Should the Knesset ascertain that there is a state of emergency in the country, it may, upon its own initiative, or on the basis of a Government proposal, declare a state of emergency. Declaration of a state of emergency


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec39
section: 39
title: Issuing Emergency Regulations.
content:
(b) The period of the declaration's validity shall be as prescribed by it, but shall not exceed a year. The Knesset is entitled to repeat its declaration of a state of emergency as stated. (c) Should the Government ascertain that there is a state of emergency in the country, and that as a result of the urgency of the matter, a declaration of a state of emergency must be made before the Knesset can be convened, it is entitled to declare a state of emergency. The validity of the declaration shall expire after seven days from the day on which it was issued, unless it has been approved or revoked beforehand by the Knesset, in a resolution of a majority of its Members. Should the Knesset fail to convene, the Government is entitled to repeat its declaration on a state of emergency, as provided for in this clause. (d) Declarations by the Knesset or by the Government regarding a state of emergency, shall be published in the Official Gazette. Should it not be possible to publish the declaration on the state of emergency in the Official Gazette, the declaration shall be published in some other suitable manner, as long as it shall be published in the Official Gazette as soon as it is possible to do so. (e) The Knesset is entitled, at any time, to revoke a declaration on a state of emergency. Notice of the revocation shall be published in the Official Gazette. (a) In a state of emergency, the Government is entitled to issue Emergency Regulations in order to defend the State, public security, and the maintenance of supplies and vital services. Emergency Regulations shall be laid on the table of the Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee, as soon as possible after they have been issued. (b) Should the Prime Minister deem it impossible to convene the Government, and that there is an urgent and vital need to issue Emergency Regulations, he is entitled to issue them, or authorize a minister to issue them. (c) Emergency Regulations have the power to change any law, and temporarily suspend it, or set conditions to it, as well as to impose or increase taxes or other compulsory payments, and all as long as there is no other provision in the law. (d) Emergency Regulations do not have the force to prevent recourse to the courts, prescribe punishment in advance, or permit an infringement of human dignity. Declaration of war, or the initiation of a significant military action (Amendments Nos. 6 &7)


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec40
section: 40
title: significant military action (Amendments Nos. 6 &7)
content:
(e) Emergency Regulations shall not be prescribed. and arrangements, measures and powers shall not be implemented under them, unless the state of emergency warrants this. (f) The force of Emergency Regulations shall expire three months after being issued, unless their force has been extended by law, or they have been revoked by the Knesset by means of a law, or by means of a resolution adopted by a majority of the Knesset Members. (g) Emergency Regulations shall go into force upon their being published in the Official Gazette. Should publication in the Official Gazette not be possible, they shall be published by other suitable means, provided they are published in the Official Gazette as soon as it will be possible to do so. (h) Should the state of emergency cease to exist, the Emergency Regulations shall remain in force for their prescribed duration, but no longer than 60 days after the state of emergency came to an end. Emergency Regulations the force of which was prolonged by law, shall remain in force. (a) The State shall not start a war, and shall not initiate a significant military operation, which is liable to lead, at a level of probability close to certainty, to war, save by force of a Government decision. (a1) Despite what is said in clause (a) and article 33(a), the Government is entitled to decide to delegate its authority on the basis of clause (a), in general or in a particular case, to a ministerial committee prescribed by law. Should the Government decide to delegate its authority to the Ministerial Committee, the Ministerial Committee shall use its authority only if the Prime Minister has decided that implementing the authority by the Committee, instead of the Government, is required, in the specific circumstances, due to reasons of state security or its foreign relations, including reasons of confidentiality involved in them. (a2) [Repealed – amendment No. 7] (b) Nothing in this article can prevent other military actions required for the purpose of defense of the State and public security. (c) Notification of a Government decision to start a war, or to initiate a significant military operation on the basis of clause (a) shall be submitted to the Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee as soon as possible, and should the decision be taken by the Ministerial Committee as stated in clause (a1), a notice shall be given thereof, as soon as possible, to the Government and to the Subcommittee of the Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee of the Knesset. The Prime Minister shall notify the Knesset Plenum as well, as soon as possible. The notification on other military actions, as stated in clause (b), shall be submitted to the Knesset Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee as soon as possible. Non-applicability of Emergency Regulations


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec41
section: 41
title: Non-applicability of Emergency Regulations
content:
Notwithstanding the provisions of any law, Emergency Regulations do not have the power to change this Basic Law, temporarily suspend its validity, or subject it to conditions. The Government and the Knesset Committees (Amendment No. 4)


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec42
section: 42
title: the Knesset Committees
content:
(a) The Government shall submit to the Knesset and its Committees information at their request, and shall assist them in the performance of their duties. Special provisions shall be laid down by law for the classification of information, when this is required for the defense of the security of the State and its foreign relations, or for the protection of its international trade relations, or for the protection of a privilege or confidentiality sanctioned by law. (b) The Knesset is entitled, upon the demand of at least forty of its Members, to hold a debate with the participation of the Prime Minister on a topic decided upon. Such a demand may be submitted no more than once a month. (c) The Knesset, and each of its committees are entitled to require the appearance of a minister before them, within the framework of their performance of their duties. (d) Any of the Knesset Committees is entitled, within the framework of performing its duties, to require a civil servant, or anyone else prescribed by law, to appear before it, by means of the Minister concerned, or with his knowledge. (e) A minister may speak before the Knesset and its Committees. (f) Details regarding the implementation of this article may be prescribed by law, or in the Knesset Rules of Procedure. Changing the election date (Amendment No. 1)


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec43
section: 43
title: Changing the election date (Amendment No. 1)
content:
Should the date of elections to the Knesset be set on the basis of articles 11and 29, the Knesset is entitled, within five days after the grounds for the holding of the elections were created, to decide by means of a resolution adopted by a majority of its Members, that due to the proximity of the elections to a holiday, festival or day of commemoration, the elections should be deferred to a date that it shall decide upon, which is no later than 100 days from the date on which the grounds were created. Rotation between the Prime Minister and the Alternate Prime Minister not on the date of the rotation (Amendment No. 8 and temporary provision) 43a (a) Should the Prime Minister in a rotation government cease serving in his position at any time before the date of the rotation, this will be considered as if the Government resigned, and the continuity provisions in article 30(b) shall apply to the service of the Government and of the Prime Minister. However, in each of the following cases the Government shall not be seen as having resigned, and the rest of the provisions of this article shall apply: (1) The service of the Prime Minister ended in accordance with article 18(d); (2) The Prime Minister chose, of his own initiative, to resign from the Government, in accordance with article 19; (3) The Prime Minister passed away, as stated in article 2(a); (4) The Prime Minister is unable to perform his duties on a permanent basis, for health reasons only, and 100 days have lapsed, in which a substitute is serving in his place, in accordance with article 20(a); (5) The Prime Minister chose, of his own initiative to resign from the Knesset, in accordance of article 21(a). (b) Should the Prime Minister in a rotation government cease serving in his position for one of the reasons listed in the final section of clause (a), in the period until the date of the rotation, the provisions of clauses (c) and (d) shall apply. (c) The Alternate Prime Minister shall serve in his place as Prime Minister for the period of time that the Alternate Prime Minister should have served as Prime Minister, from the date of the rotation and until the end of the term of the Knesset. Should the term of office of the Alternate Prime Minister as Prime Minister end as stated, the provisions of clause (d) shall apply. (d) (1) Should the Prime Minister cease to serve in his position in accordance with clause (a)(4), and the state of his health shall enable his return to office – he shall return to serve in the position of the Prime Minister. (2) Should the Prime Minister cease to serve in his position in accordance with clause (a)(1), (2), (3) or (5), or should he cease to serve in his position in accordance with clause (a)4, and the state of his health does not enable his return to office – his Parliamentary Group is entitled to select a Member of the Knesset from the same Parliamentary Group, and he shall request the Knesset to express confidence in his serving in place of the Prime Minister, whose service ended as stated, and all until one week before the end of the service of the Alternate Prime Minister as Prime Minister. (3) Once the Knesset has expressed its confidence in the Member of the Knesset mentioned in paragraph (2), or as soon as possible thereafter, the Member of the Knesset shall declare before the Knesset a declaration of allegiance as stated in article 13a(f) or 14, as the case may be, and shall start serving as the Prime Minister upon the end of the term of office of whoever ceased serving as the Prime Minister. (4) Should the Parliamentary Group fail to select a Member of the Knesset from the same Parliamentary Group to replace the Prime Minister, who ceased to serve as stated in paragraph (2) until a week before the end of the period of service of the Prime Minister, or should the Parliamentary Group select a Member of the Knesset, as stated, but the Knesset failed to express confidence in him until that date – the Government shall be considered to have resigned, and the provisions of article 30 shall apply. (e) Should the Prime Minister in a rotation government cease to serve in his position for whatever reason, after the date of the rotation, the Alternate Prime Minister shall serve in his place and he shall request the Knesset to express confidence in his serving in place of the Prime Minister whose service ended as stated, and all until one week before the end of the service of the Alternate Prime Minister as Prime Minister. (f) (1) Should the Alternate Prime Minister in a rotation government cease to serve in his position until the date of the rotation, his Parliamentary Group is entitled to select a Member of the Knesset from the same Parliamentary Group, and he shall request the Knesset to express confidence in his serving in place of the Alternate Prime Minister, whose service ended as stated. Once the Knesset has expressed confidence in the said Member of the Knesset, or as soon as possible thereafter, that Member of the Knesset shall declare before the Knesset a declaration of allegiance, as stated in article 13a(f), and he shall be considered the Alternate Prime Minister, to all effects and purposes. (2) Rotation between the Prime Minister and the Alternate Prime Minister due to the dissolution of the Knesset before the end 43a1 of its term (Amendment No. 10) Should the Parliamentary Group of the Alternate Prime Minister select a Member of the Knesset from the same Parliamentary Group to serve instead of the Alternate Prime Minister as stated in paragraph (1), but the Knesset did not express confidence in him until a week before the end of the service of the Prime Minister, the Government shall be considered to have resigned, and the provisions of article 30 shall apply. Without detracting from the provisions of articles 13a and 43a, rotation between the Prime Minister and the Alternate Prime Minister shall take place before the date of the rotation in accordance to the provisions of article 13a(g) and (h), also in any one of the dates detailed below: (1) The day after the Knesset adopted in Third Reading a law for the dissolution of the Knesset before the end of its term in accordance with article 34 of Basic-Law: The Knesset, and as long as at least two Members of the Knesset who were members of parliamentary groups, whose Ministers were identified as having an affiliation with the Prime Minister on the date that the Rotation Government was formed, voted for it in Third Reading. In this case, a Member of the Knesset, who at the time of the swearing in of the Rotation Government did not express confidence in it, shall not be included in the counting of the said Members of the Knesset; (2) On the determining day according to its meaning in article 36a in Basic-Law: The Knesset, if the Budget Law was not adopted until the preceding day. The Alternate Prime Minister – the Substitute Prime Minister (Amendment No. 8, and temporary provision)


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec43b
section: 43b
title: Minister (Amendment No. 8, and temporary provision)
content:
The Alternate Prime Minister in a rotation government shall be the Substitute Prime Minister in accordance with article 5(d), and no other substitute to the Prime Minister shall be appointed. Removal from office of the Alternate Prime Minister (Amendment No. 8, and temporary provision)


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec43c
section: 43c
title: Minister (Amendment No. 8, and temporary provision)
content:
Despite what is said in article 22(b), the Prime Minister in a rotation government is not entitled to remove the Alternate Prime Minister from his office. Ministers in rotation governments (Amendment No. 8 and temporary provision & No. 11) Deputy ministers in a rotation government (Amendments No. 8 and temporary provision & 10)


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec43e
section: 43e
title: 43d.
content:
(a) Despite what is said in article 22(b), the Prime Minister in a rotation government is not entitled to remove from office a minister affiliated to the Alternate Prime Minister. (b) The Alternate Prime Minister in a rotation government is entitled, after informing the Government of his intention to do so, to remove from office a minister affiliated to him, and the provisions of article 22(b) shall apply to this matter, with the necessary changes. (c) The substitute of a minister in a rotation government in accordance with article 24(a), shall be a minister with an identical affiliation to that of the Minister, whom he substitutes. (d) Despite what is said in article 24(b), should a minister in a rotation government cease to serve, or he is temporarily unable to perform his job, the Prime Minister, the Alternate Prime Minister, or another minister designated by the Government on the basis of a proposal by the Prime Minister or the Alternate Prime Minister, shall perform the job, and all in accordance with the affiliation of the said Minister. (e) The provisions of article 24(b) shall not apply to the Alternate Prime Minister, who has ceased serving, or who is temporarily unable to perform his job. (f) Despite what is said in article 15, a rotation government is entitled to add an additional minister to the Government, on the basis of a proposal by the Prime Minister, or the Alternate Prime Minister, and all subject to the provisions of article 13a(d). Should the Government decide to add a minister as stated, it shall notify the Knesset of his duties, or the spheres of activity for which the additional Minister shall be responsible, and his affiliation to the Prime Minister or to the Alternate Minister. Upon the approval of the notice the additional Minister shall enter his office, and as soon as possible to the approval shall make the declaration of allegiance. (g) [Expired] (a) Despite what is said in article 25(a), a minister in a rotation government, who is in charge of a ministry, is entitled to appoint to that ministry, from among the Members of the Knesset, one deputy minister, and in the Prime Minister’s Office – two deputy ministers, with the approval of the Prime Minister or the Alternate Prime Minister, in accordance to the affiliation of the appointed minister and with the approval of the Rotation Government. In the notice of the Government to the Knesset about the appointment of the Deputy Minister, the Government shall note the affiliation of the Deputy Minister to the Prime Minister or to the Alternate Prime Minister. (b) Despite what is said in article 26(3) – (1) The Prime Minister is entitled to terminate the service of a deputy minister with an affiliation to himself only, and the Alternate Prime Minister is entitled to terminate the service of a deputy minister with an affiliation to himself only; (2) A minister is not entitled to terminate the service of a deputy minister who he appointed, if the affiliation of the Deputy Minister is different from the affiliation of the Minister. The authority of the Prime Minister to dissolve the Knesset in a rotation government (Amendment 8 and temporary provision)


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec43f
section: 43f
title: a rotation government temporary provision)
content:
The authority of the Prime Minister in a rotation government to dissolve the Knesset by order in accordance with article 29(a) requires the consent of the Alternate Prime Minister. The status of the Alternate Prime Minister (Amendment 8 and temporary provision)


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec43g
section: 43g
title: Minister (Amendment 8 and temporary provision)
content:
(a) The legal status of the Alternate Prime Minister in a rotation government is the same of the legal status of the Prime Minister in accordance to articles 17, 18, 23(c) and 31(a). (b) Despite what is said in clause (a), should the Alternate Prime Minister in a rotation government cease to serve in his position in accordance to article 18(d) – the Government shall be considered to have resigned. Dissolution of the Knesset – temporary provision (Amendment No. 8 and temporary provision) 43g1. [Expired] No-confidence in a rotation government (Amendment No. 8 and temporary provision)


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec43h
section: 43h
title: and temporary provision)
content:
Should the Knesset decide to express no-confidence in a rotation government, and express confidence in another government, in accordance with article 28, neither the Prime Minister nor the Alternate Prime Minister shall be entitled to stand at the head of the other Government. Stability of the law


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec44
section: 44
title: Stability of the law
content:
(a) This Basic Law cannot be changed save by a majority of the Knesset Members. The majority required on the basis of this clause will be required for the decisions of the Knesset Plenum in first reading, second reading, and third reading. For the purpose of this article "change" - whether explicit or implicit. (b) The provisions of this article shall not apply to articles 45 and 46. Amendment of BasicLaw: The Knesset No. 30


document_id: basic-law-the-government-2001
provision_ref: sec47
section: 47
title: Going into effect and application
content:
(a) The provisions of this Basic Law shall apply to the elections, and the formation of the Government, as of the elections to the Sixteenth Knesset. (b) Subject to the provisions of clause (a), this Basic Law shall go into effect on the day that the Government shall be formed, as stated in clause (a). (c) Despite the provisions of clause (b), article 44 shall go into effect on the day that this Basic Law shall be published.


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Chapter A: Basic Provisions Power of adjudication
content:
(a) The following courts are vested with the power of adjudication: (1) The Supreme Court; (2) A district court; (3) A magistrates' court; (4) Another court designated by law as a court of law; In this law, "judge" - a judge of a court as aforesaid. (b) The power of adjudication is also vested in the following: (1) A religious court (beit din); (2) Another tribunal; (3) Another authority; and all as prescribed by law. (c) No court or tribunal shall be set up for a particular case. Independence


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: Independence
content:
Whoever is vested with the power of adjudication shall not be subject to any authority regarding matters of adjudication, except for that of the law. Openness of deliberations


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: Openness of deliberations
content:
A court shall hold its deliberations in public, unless it has been otherwise prescribed by law, or if the court has instructed otherwise in accordance with the law. Chapter B: The Judges Appointment of judges Nationality


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec5
section: 5
title: 4.
content:
(a) A judge shall be appointed by the President of the State, in accordance with the selection of the Committee for the Selection of Judges. (b) The Committee shall be made up of nine members, who are the President of the Supreme Court, two other justices of the Supreme Court chosen by their fellow justices, the Minister of Justice and another Minister assigned by the Government, two Members of the Knesset selected by the Knesset, and two representatives of the Bar Association, selected by the National Council of the Association. The Minister of Justice shall be the Chairperson of the Committee. (c) The Committee may operate even if the number of its members has decreased, as long as it is no less than seven. Only an Israeli citizen can be appointed as judge. Declaration of allegiance


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec6
section: 6
title: Declaration of allegiance
content:
Whoever is appointed as judge, shall make a declaration of allegiance before the President of the State. And these are the words of the declaration: "I pledge myself to keep allegiance to the State of Israel and its laws, to administer justice fairly, to avoid subverting justice, and to avoid demonstrating favor". Tenure of office (Amendment No. 2)


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec7
section: 7
title: Tenure of office
content:
The service of a judge shall begin upon his declaration of allegiance, and shall not terminate save in the event of one of the following: (1) His retirement on pension; (2) His resignation; (3) His election or appointment to one of the positions whose holders are prevented from being candidates for the Knesset; (4) Upon a decision by the Committee for the Selection of Judges, proposed by the Chairperson of the Committee, the Ombudsman of Judges, or the President of the Supreme Court, and which was adopted by a majority of seven members at least. (5) Upon a decision of a Disciplinary Court. A judge who retired


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec8
section: 8
title: A judge who retired
content:
A judge who retired on pension may be appointed to the position of a judge, for a period, in a manner and under conditions prescribed by law. Restriction on change of position


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec9
section: 9
title: Restriction on change of position
content:
(a) A judge shall not be permanently transferred from the court where he is serving to a court elsewhere, save with the consent of the President of the Supreme Court, or pursuant of a decision of a Disciplinary Court. Salary and benefits


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec10
section: 10
title: Salary and benefits
content:
(b) A judge shall not be appointed to a substitute position in a court of a lower instance, save with his consent. (a) The salaries of judges, and other payments made to them during or after their tenure of office, or to their heirs after their death, shall be prescribed by law, or by a decision of the Knesset, or of one of its Committees empowered by the Knesset for this purpose. (b) No decision shall be taken designed to reduce the salaries of judges only. Singularity of office


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec11
section: 11
title: Singularity of office
content:
A judge shall not engage in an additional occupation, and shall not perform a public post, save in accordance with the law, or with the consent of the President of the Supreme Court, and the Minister of Justice. Criminal proceedings


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec12
section: 12
title: Criminal proceedings
content:
(a) A criminal investigation shall not be opened against a judge, save with the consent of the Attorney General, and an indictment shall not be served against a judge save by the Attorney General. (b) A criminal charge shall not be tried against a judge save in a district court made up of three judges, unless the judge has agreed that the charge shall be tried in the usual manner. (c) The provisions of this article shall not apply to categories of offences prescribed by law. (a) A judge is subject to the jurisdiction of a Disciplinary Court. Disciplinary proceedings


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec14
section: 14
title: Suspension
content:
(b) The Disciplinary Court shall be made up of judges, or retired judges appointed by the President of the Supreme Court. (c) Provisions regarding the grounds for a disciplinary proceeding, the manner of filing complaints, the make-up of the bench, the powers of the Disciplinary Court, and the disciplinary measures it may impose, shall be prescribed by law. The rules of the proceedings shall be in accordance with the law. Should a complaint be made against a judge, or should a criminal investigation be opened against him, or should an indictment be filed against him, the President of the Supreme Court is entitled to suspend the judge for a period that he shall determine. Chapter C: The Courts The Supreme Court


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec15
section: 15
title: Chapter C: The Courts The Supreme Court
content:
(a) The seat of the Supreme Court is Jerusalem. (b) The Supreme Court shall hear appeals against verdicts and other rulings of the District Courts. (c) The Supreme Court shall also sit as a High Court of Justice. When so sitting it shall deliberate matters, in which it deems it necessary to provide relief for the sake of justice, and are not under the jurisdiction of another court or tribunal. (d) Without prejudice to the generalness of the provisions in clause (c), the Supreme Court sitting as High Court of Justice, is authorized - (1) To grant orders for the release of persons unlawfully detained or imprisoned; (e) (2) To grant orders to state authorities, to local authorities, to their officials, and to other bodies and persons holding public office under the law, to act or refrain from acting while lawfully exercising their duties, and if they were unlawfully elected or appointed - to refrain from acting; (3) To grant orders to courts, to tribunals, and to bodies and persons with judicial or quasi-judicial authority under the law - save courts that this law relates to, and save religious courts - to deal with a certain matter, or avoid dealing with, or continue to deal with a certain matter, and cancel a proceeding held or a ruling given unlawfully; (4) To grant orders to religious courts to deal with a certain matter on the basis of their jurisdiction, or to avoid dealing or continuing to deal with a certain matter that falls outside their jurisdiction, provided that the court shall not entertain a request under this paragraph, should the appellant not have raised a question of jurisdiction at the earliest opportunity that he had; and if he did not have a reasonable opportunity to raise the question of jurisdiction before the ruling by the Religious Court, the court is entitled to quash a proceeding that took place, or a ruling that was given by the Religious Court without authority. Other powers of the Supreme Court shall be prescribed by law. Other courts


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec16
section: 16
title: Other courts
content:
The establishment, powers, seat and jurisdiction areas of district courts, magistrates' courts, and other courts shall be in accordance with the law. Appeal


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec17
section: 17
title: Appeal
content:
A verdict of a court in the first instance, may be appealed by right, save a verdict of the Supreme Court. Additional hearing


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec18
section: 18
title: Additional hearing
content:
A matter adjudicated by the Supreme Court by a bench of three, may be heard again in the Supreme Court by a bench of five or more, on grounds prescribed by law, and in a manner prescribed in accordance with the law. Retrial


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec19
section: 19
title: Retrial
content:
In a criminal matter, in which a final verdict has been given, a retrial may take place on grounds prescribed by law, and in a manner prescribed in accordance with the law. Established rule


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec20
section: 20
title: Established rule
content:
(a) A rule established in a court shall guide a court of a lower instance. (b) A rule established in the Supreme Court shall bind every court, save the Supreme Court. Registrars


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec21
section: 21
title: Registrars
content:
A court may have a registrar, whether he is or is not a judge. Chapter D: Miscellaneous Provisions Stability of the law


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec22
section: 22
title: Chapter D: Miscellaneous Provisions Stability of the law
content:
Emergency regulations do not have the power to change this law, to temporarily suspend its validity, or to subject it to conditions. Provisions in the law


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec23
section: 23
title: Provisions in the law
content:
In the following matters provisions shall be prescribed by law: (1) The manner of selecting the members of the Committee for the Selection of Judges, and the duration of their tenure of office; (2) Qualifications for serving as judges at the various levels; Provisions to be prescribed in accordance with the law


document_id: basic-law-the-judiciary-1984
provision_ref: sec24
section: 24
title: prescribed in accordance with the law
content:
(3) The manner of appointment of the President of the Supreme Court, the Deputy to the President of the Supreme Court, the President and Deputy President of a District Court and of a Magistrates' Court; (4) The conditions and procedures for terminating the service of a judge; (5) The manner of appointing an acting judge in another court, and the reassignment of a judge, temporarily or permanently, from the place where he serves to a court in a different location; (6) The procedures for suspending a judge, and a review of the suspension; (7) The cases which different levels of courts shall deal with, with a bench of a single, three or more judges; (8) The manner of determining which judge or judges shall hear a particular case. In the following matters provisions shall be prescribed in accordance with the law: (1) The administrative procedures of the courts, their determination, and the responsibility for their implementation; (2) The work procedures of the Committee for the Selection of Judges; (3) The manner in which a judge resigns; (4) the manner in which the registrar of a court is appointed, and his powers; (5) The number of judges, who will serve in the various levels and locations of the courts.


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec4
section: 4
title: The electoral system
content:
The Knesset shall be elected in general, national, direct, equal, secret, and proportional elections, in accordance with the Knesset Election Law. This article may not be changed save by a majority of the Knesset Members. The right to vote


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec5
section: 5
title: The right to vote
content:
Every Israeli citizen aged eighteen or over, is eligible to vote in elections to the Knesset, unless a court of law has deprived him of this right in accordance with the law. The Elections Law shall determine when a person shall be considered to be eighteen years of age for the purpose of exercising the right to vote in elections to the Knesset. The right to submit a list of candidates (Amendments Nos. 19 and 21)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec5a
section: 5a
title: list of candidates and 21)
content:
A list of candidates for the Knesset shall be submitted by a party only. The manner for association and registration of parties, and the conditions for submitting a list of candidates, shall be prescribed by law. The right to be elected (Amendments Nos. 8, 10, 22, 26 and 47)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec6
section: 6
title: The right to be elected 10, 22, 26 and 47)
content:
(a) Every Israeli citizen, who on the day of the submission of a list of candidates, which includes his name, is twenty one years old and above, is entitled to be elected to the Knesset, unless a court of law has deprived him of this right by virtue of the law, or who has been sentenced, in a final verdict, to actual imprisonment for a period of over three months, and on the day of the submission of the list of candidates seven years have not lapsed from the day on which he finished serving the actual imprisonment, and if he was convicted of a serious terror offence, or a serious security offence, as prescribed by law, was sentenced, in a final verdict, to an actual prison sentence for a period of over seven years imprisonment, and on the day of the submission of the list of candidate 14 years have not lapsed from the day that he finished serving the actual imprisonment, unless the Chairperson of the Central Elections Committee determined that the offence for which he was sentenced, in the circumstances of the case, did not involve turpitude. (b) [Repealed] (c) A candidate to the Knesset, who has been sentenced as stated in clause (a), and whose verdict became final after the submission of the list of candidates, and before he started serving as a Member of the Knesset, shall be treated as someone, who has resigned from the list of candidates in which his name was included, or from his membership in the Knesset, as applicable, unless the Chairperson of the Central Elections Committee has determined that the offence for which he was convicted, under the circumstances of the case, does not involve moral turpitude. (d) A decision by the Chairperson of the Central Elections Committee in accordance with clauses (a) and (c) shall not be required if the court has ruled, under the law, that under the circumstances of the case, the offence involves moral turpitude. (e) For the purpose of this article – "Actual imprisonment" – the total periods of actual imprisonment, which the convicted person must serve consecutively, even if these were imposed in different sentences, including a suspended sentence that has been activated; "Offense" – any one of the offences for which he has been sentenced to actual imprisonment. Reservation to the candidacy of a Member of the Knesset, who withdrew from his parliamentary group (Amendments Nos. 12, 21 & 36)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec6a
section: 6a
title: parliamentary group 21 & 36)
content:
(a) A Member of the Knesset, who withdrew from his parliamentary group and did not resign from his position soon after withdrawing, shall not be included in the following elections to the Knesset, in a list of candidates submitted by a party, which was represented by a parliamentary group in the outgoing Knesset. This provision shall not apply to the splitting of a parliamentary group under conditions prescribed by law. (b) For the purpose of this article – “Withdrawal from a parliamentary group” - including voting in the Plenum not in accordance to the position of the Parliamentary Group with regards to expressing confidence in the Government, or no-confidence in it. However, such a vote shall not be considered as a withdrawal if the Member of the Knesset has not received any return for his vote; “Return” – direct or indirect, as a promise or commitment for the future, including a promise for a place in a list of candidates for the Knesset, or the appointment of the Knesset Member himself, or another person, to some position. Who shall not be a candidate (Amendments Nos. 2, 21 & 33)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec7
section: 7
title: candidate 21 & 33)
content:
The following shall not be candidates to the Knesset: (1) The President of the State; (2) The two Chief Rabbis; (3) A judge; (4) A religious court judge ("dayan"); (5) The State Comptroller; (6) The Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces; (7) Rabbis and clerics of other religions, holding paid office; (8) Senior civil servants and military officers of such ranks and positions as shall be prescribed by law; (9) Policemen and prison wardens of such ranks and positions as shall be prescribed by law; (10) Employees in corporations established by law of such ranks and positions as shall be prescribed by law. unless they have ceased to serve in that position or job, as stated, before the deadline for submitting lists of candidates for the Knesset, and should an earlier date be set by law, before the said date. Barring participation in elections (Amendments Nos. 9, 35, 39 & 46)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec7a
section: 7a
title: in elections 35, 39 & 46)
content:
(a) A list of candidates shall not participate in elections to the Knesset, and a person shall not be a candidate in elections to the Knesset, should there be explicitly or implicitly in the goals or actions of the list, or the actions of the person, including his expressions, as applicable, one of the following: (1) Negation of the existence of the State of Israel as a Jewish and democratic state; (2) Incitement to racism; (3) Support for an armed struggle by an enemy state, or of a terrorist organization, against the State of Israel. (a1) For the purpose of this article a candidate, who sojourned illegally in an enemy state in the seven years that preceded the deadline for submitting lists of candidates, shall be considered someone, whose actions constitute support for an armed conflict against the State of Israel, as long as he has not proven otherwise. (b) A decision by the Central Elections Committee to the effect that a candidate is barred from participating in elections, must be approved by the Supreme Court. (c) A candidate shall make a declaration concerning this article. (d) Details regarding the deliberation in the Central Elections Committee, and the Supreme Court, and on the matter of the declaration in accordance with clause (c), shall be prescribed by law. Term of the Knesset


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec8
section: 8
title: Term of the Knesset
content:
The term of the Knesset shall be four years from the day that it was elected. Date of the elections to the 24th Knesset


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec9
section: 9
title: Date of elections
content:
The elections to the Knesset shall take place on the third Tuesday of the month of Heshvan in the year in which the term of the outgoing Knesset ended, but should the preceding year be a leap year, the elections shall take place on the first Tuesday of that month. Extending the term (Amendment No. 15)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec9a
section: 9a
title: Extending the term
content:
(a) The Knesset shall not extend its term, save by means of a law, adopted by a majority of eighty Members of the Knesset, and should special circumstances exist that prevent holding the elections on their designated date. The extension period shall not exceed the time required by the said circumstances. The election date shall be determined by the said law. (b) Without detracting from the provisions of article 34. the Knesset is entitled, by a decision of a majority of its Members, to advance the date of the elections set according to clause (a), as long as the new date shall not be earlier than the date for holding the elections to the Knesset in accordance with article 9. Election day – a day of rest


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec10
section: 10
title: Election day – a day of rest
content:
Election day shall be a day of rest, but transportation and other public services shall function as usual. Publication of election results (Amendment No. 20)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec11
section: 11
title: Publication of election results (Amendment No. 20)
content:
The results of the elections shall be published in the Official Gazette within eight days of election day. Convening of the Knesset (Amendment No. 37)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec12
section: 12
title: Convening of the Knesset (Amendment No. 37)
content:
The Knesset shall convene for its first sitting, after the publication of the election results, within fourteen days from the day of the elections to the Knesset, on a date prescribed by law, unless the law prescribed another close day due to a day of rest, holiday or memorial day, or due to proximity to one of them, or due to an intermediate day. Opening of Knesset (Amendments Nos. 27 & 37)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec14
section: 14
title: The opening sitting
content:
Arrangements for the opening session shall be prescribed by law, and shall express the nature of the State of Israel and its heritage. Declaration of allegiance of the Knesset Member (Amendments No. 23)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec15
section: 15
title: allegiance of the Knesset Member
content:
(a) The Member of the Knesset shall declare allegiance. And these are the words of the declaration: "I pledge myself to bear allegiance to the State of Israel and to faithfully discharge my mission in the Knesset". (b) Arrangements for the declaration shall be prescribed by law. Refrainment from declaration


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec16
section: 16
title: Refrainment from declaration
content:
Should the Speaker of the Knesset call upon the Member of the Knesset to make the declaration of allegiance, and the Member refrained from doing so, that Member shall not enjoy the rights of a Member of the Knesset as long as he has not made the declaration. Refrainment from declaration due to dual citizenship (Amendment No. 22)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec16a
section: 16a
title: declaration due to dual citizenship
content:
Should a Member of the Knesset hold an additional citizenship that is not Israeli, and the laws of the state of which he is a citizen enables his release from this citizenship, he shall not declare allegiance until after he has done everything required of him to be released of it, and shall not enjoy the rights of a Member of the Knesset as long as he has not made the declaration. Immunity of Knesset Members


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec17
section: 17
title: Immunity of Knesset Members
content:
Members of the Knesset shall have immunity. Details shall be prescribed by law. Inviolability of the Knesset buildings


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec18
section: 18
title: Inviolability of the Knesset buildings
content:
The Knesset buildings shall be inviolable. Details shall be prescribed by law. Procedures and the Rules of Procedure


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec19
section: 19
title: Procedures and the Rules of Procedure
content:
The Knesset shall determine its work procedures. In so far as the procedures have not been prescribed by law, the Knesset shall lay them down in the Rules of Procedure. As long as the procedures have not been prescribed as stated, the Knesset shall act in accordance with the custom and practices accepted by it. The Speaker and the Deputies (Amendments Nos. 24, 27, 34, 37 & 43)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec20
section: 20
title: Deputies 27, 34, 37 & 43)
content:
(a) The Knesset shall elect from among its members a Speaker and Deputy Speakers. Until the election of the Speaker of the Knesset, the Speaker of the outgoing Knesset shall continue to serve, should he have been reelected as a Member of the Knesset, and if he has not been reelected - the most veteran Knesset Member, who is not the Prime Minister, a minister or a deputy minister, shall serve as acting Speaker. In this article, "most veteran" – whoever has served in the Knesset for the longest period, consecutively or intermittently, and from among those with equal seniority – the eldest among them. (b) The Knesset is entitled to lay down in its Rules of Procedure reservations to the election of a Member of the Knesset to serve as Speaker of the Knesset, or Deputy Speaker of the Knesset. (c) The Knesset is entitled, by a decision of a majority of its Members, to suspend the Speaker of the Knesset or a deputy speaker of the Knesset, or to lay down restriction to their office. Details shall be prescribed by law. (d) The Knesset is entitled, by a decision of a majority of its members, or by a larger majority prescribed by law, to dismiss the Speaker of the Knesset or a deputy Speaker of the Knesset. Details shall be prescribed by law. Substitute Speaker of the Knesset, and Acting Speaker of the Knesset (Amendments Nos. 4, 24 & 27)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec20a
section: 20a
title: Knesset 24 & 27)
content:
(a) Should the Speaker of the Knesset leave the confines of the State, a deputy Speaker of the Knesset shall act in his place, until the Speaker returns. (b) Should the Speaker of the Knesset notify the House Committee, or should the House Committee decide that for health reasons the Speaker of the Knesset is temporarily unable to perform his duties, or should the Speaker of the Knesset announce that he is temporarily unable to perform his duties, and the House Committee has approved his announcement, a deputy speaker shall perform his duties, until the Speaker of the Knesset shall inform the House Committee, or until the House Committee shall determine that he is no longer unable to perform his duties. (c) Should the post of the Knesset Speaker become vacant – because he has resigned or has passed away, or because the House Committee has determined that for health reasons, he is unable to regularly perform his duties – a deputy speaker shall serve as acting Knesset Speaker, until a new Speaker is elected by the Knesset. (c1) (1) Should the Speaker of the Knesset be suspended from his post by a decision in accordance with article 20(c), a deputy speaker shall serve as acting Speaker of the Knesset, until the suspension is revoked, or until the election of a new Speaker of the Knesset, as applicable. (2) Should the Speaker of the Knesset be removed from his post in a decision in accordance with article 20(d), a deputy speaker of the Knesset shall serve as acting Speaker of the Knesset until the election of a new Speaker. (d) The Deputy Speaker who is to serve as a substitute of the Knesset Speaker, or as acting Knesset Speaker shall be the Deputy elected for that purpose by the House Committee. Committees (Amendments Nos. 13, 14, 16 & 28)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec21
section: 21
title: Committees 14, 16 & 28)
content:
(e) While serving as substitute to the Speaker of the Knesset, or as acting Knesset Speaker, the Deputy Speaker shall serve in every position designated to the Speaker of the Knesset by law, and shall exercise every power vested in the Speaker of the Knesset by law. (f) The provisions of this article shall apply, mutatis mutandis, also if the circumstances described in clauses (a), (b), (c) or (c1) regarding the Speaker of the Knesset apply to whoever serves as a substitute to the Knesset Speaker, or an acting Knesset Speaker. (a) The Knesset shall select Permanent Committees from among its Members, and it is also entitled to select Committees for particular matters from among its Members. The tasks of the Committees, their powers and procedures, in so far as they are not prescribed by law, shall be laid down in the Rules of Procedure. (b) Provisions may be laid down in the Rules of Procedure regarding the authority of the Committees to summon an office holder or functionary in the Civil Service, a local authority, a religious council, a corporation established by law, or a government corporation, and to require him to provide information at his disposal on the activities of the body in which he serves, unless such disclosure constitutes a breach of the law, of a professional obligation, or of a fiduciary duty to which he is bound by law, and he shall be assured rights accorded witnesses in a court. The summons shall be issued by means of the Minister concerned, or with his knowledge, and in the case of someone, who is not in the Civil Service – by means of the head of the body in which the invitee serves. However, the Minister in charge, or the head of the body in which the invitee serves, is entitled to inform the Committee that he himself will appear in place of the invitee. (c) [Repealed] Knesset oversight of subsidiary legislation (Amendments Nos. 30 &.45)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec22
section: 22
title: Committees of Inquiry
content:
The Knesset is entitled to appoint Committees of Inquiry, either by empowering one of its permanent Committees, or by selecting a committee from among its Members, in order to investigate matters determined by the Knesset. The powers and tasks of a Committee of Inquiry shall be determined by the Knesset. In every Committee of Inquiry there shall also be representatives of parliamentary groups that are not members of the Government, on the basis of the relative strength of the Parliamentary Groups in the Knesset. The status of a minister and a deputy minister, who are not Members of the Knesset (Amendments Nos. 42 and temporary provision, & 49)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec23
section: 23
title: Knesset (Amendments Nos. 42 and temporary provision, & 49)
content:
The status of a minister or deputy minister, who are not Knesset Members, with regards to anything connected with the Knesset, is the same as that of a minister or deputy minister who are Members of the Knesset, but they shall not have the right to vote. Quorum (Amendment No. 6)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec24
section: 24
title: Quorum (Amendment No. 6)
content:
The Knesset shall hold debates and adopt resolutions with the participation of any number of Members, unless there is another provision on this matter in the law. Majority


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec25
section: 25
title: Majority
content:
The Knesset shall adopt resolutions by a majority of the participants in the vote, with those abstaining not being counted among those participating in the vote. The voting procedures shall be laid down in the Rules of Procedure; and all this as long as there is no other provision in the law. Sittings


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec26
section: 26
title: Sittings
content:
The sittings of the Knesset shall be held in the location of its seat, but under special circumstances the Speaker of the Knesset is entitled, after consulting his Deputies, to convene the Knesset elsewhere. Knesset sittings shall take place on weekdays. Openness (Amendment No. 17)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec27
section: 27
title: Openness
content:
The Knesset shall meet publicly. Publication (Amendment No. 17) 28 The publication of the proceedings of Knesset sittings, and whatever was said in them, shall not be restricted, and shall not entail any criminal or civil liability.


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec29
section: 29
content: ]Repealed Amendment No. 17[
title:
The publication of the proceedings of Knesset sittings, and whatever was said in them, shall not be restricted, and shall not entail any criminal or civil liability.


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec31
section: 31
title: ]Repealed - Amendment No. 17[
content:
Provisions concerning the dates of Knesset sessions, and the convening of the Knesset out of session, shall be prescribed by law.


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec34
section: 34
title: Dissolution of the Knesset (Amendment No. 15
content:
The Knesset shall not decide to dissolve itself before the end of its term, save by the adoption of a law on this matter by a majority of the Knesset Members. Date of the elections after dissolution (Amendment No. 30)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec35
section: 35
title: Date of the elections after dissolution
content:
The law concerning the dissolution of the Knesset shall contain a provision regarding the date of elections for the following Knesset, which shall be no later than five months from the day the law is adopted. Sessions (Amendments Nos. 5 & 29) Term of the Knesset after dissolution


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec36
section: 36
title: Term of the Knesset after dissolution
content:
Once the Knesset has decided to dissolve itself, the following Knesset shall continue to serve until the closest month of Heshvan after the termination of four years from its elections. Dissolution due to the failure to adopt the Budget Law [Amendments Nos. 30, 40, 48 (temporary provision), 50 (temporary provision) & 51]


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec36a
section: 36a
title: provision), 50 (temporary provision) & 51]
content:
(a) Should the Budget Law fail to be adopted within three months following the commencement of the financial year, the day following the termination of the said period (hereinafter – the determining date) shall be regarded as if the Knesset had decided to dissolve itself before the end of its term, and early elections shall be held on the last Tuesday before the end of 90 days from the determining date, unless the Knesset has decided by a majority of its Members, within five days of the determining date to hold the elections on a later date, due to the proximity of the elections date to a festival, holiday, or memorial day, but no later than 100 days after the determining date. (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of clause (a), once the President of the State has initiated proceedings for the formation of a new government in accordance with article 30 of Basic-Law: The Government, should the Knesset express confidence in the new Government on the basis of article 28 of Basic-Law: The Government, or should a law have been adopted concerning the dissolution of the Knesset, or should elections have been held for the Knesset, after the deadline for submitting the Budget Bill on the basis of article 3 of termination of the three months from the beginning of the financial year, the determining date as stated in clause (a) shall be the day after the end of three months from the beginning of the financial year, or the day after 145 days from the day the Government was formed, whichever is later. Should the Knesset Finance Committee decide, in accordance with article 3(b)(1) of Basic-Law: The State Economy, that the Budget Bill shall be laid on the Knesset table before the 85th day from the date of the formation of the Government, the determining day shall be the day after the 60 days from the day on which the Government laid the Bill. In counting the periods of 146 days, 85 days, and 60 days, as aforementioned, Jewish holidays, and holiday eves, as prescribed by law, shall not be counted. (c) [Expired] Continuity of the Knesset


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec37
section: 37
title: Continuity of the Knesset
content:
The outgoing Knesset shall continue to serve until the convening of the incoming Knesset. Extension of enactment validation


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec38
section: 38
title: Extension of enactment validation
content:
Any enactment the validity of which would have expired within the last two months of the term of the outgoing Knesset, or within four months after the Knesset decided to dissolve itself, or within the first three months of the term of the incoming Knesset – shall remain in force until the end of the said three months. Salary of Members of the Knesset


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec39
section: 39
title: Salary of Members of the Knesset
content:
Members of the Knesset shall receive a salary as prescribed by law. Resignation of a Member of the Knesset


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec40
section: 40
title: Resignation of a Member of the Knesset
content:
A Member of the Knesset is entitled to resign his position. The resignation shall be by means of a personal submission of the letter of resignation by the resigning Member to the Speaker of the Knesset, and if he is prevented from submitting it personally – by means of delivery thereof in a manner prescribed in the Rules of Procedure. The letter of resignation shall be signed on the day of the submission or delivery. Consequences of resignation (Amendment No. 41)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec41
section: 41
title: Consequences of resignation
content:
The membership of a Knesset Member, who has submitted his resignation, in the Knesset shall end forty eight hours after the letter of resignation has reached the Speaker of the Knesset, unless he withdrew his resignation beforehand. Should the said period end on a day of rest, its termination shall be postponed until the following day that is not a day of rest, and all this as prescribed by law. The expiring of the service or candidacy of a Member of the Knesset (Amendment No. 33)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec42
section: 42
title: a Member of the Knesset (Amendment No. 33)
content:
A Member of the Knesset, or a candidate for the Knesset, who has been appointed to one of the positions whose holders are barred from being candidates for the Knesset, his membership in the Knesset, or his candidacy to the Knesset, as applicable, shall terminate upon his election or appointment to one of the positions as stated. In this regard. "Candidate for the Knesset" – anyone whose name is included in the list of candidates for the Knesset, from the day the list was submitted until the day of the commencement of his term as a Member of the Knesset. Ending the membership of a Member of the Knesset (Amendments Nos. 7, 18, 26, 32 & 44)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec42a
section: 42a
title: Member of the Knesset 18, 26, 32 & 44)
content:
(a) A Member of the Knesset, who has been convicted of a felony in a final verdict, and the court has ruled, upon its own initiative or at the request of the Attorney General, that the offence involves moral turpitude, his membership in the Knesset shall terminate on the day that the verdict became final, and it is immaterial whether the offence was committed while he was a Member of that Knesset, a member of a previous Knesset, or before he became a Member of the Knesset. (b) Clause (a) shall also apply to a Member of the Knesset whose verdict was finalized after he started to serve as a Member of the Knesset. A request by the Attorney General on the basis of clause (a) can be submitted as long as the verdict has not been finalized. The request shall be submitted to the court that issued the verdict, and if an appeal has been filed, to the court of appeal. (1) The Knesset is entitled, by a majority of 90 Members of the Knesset, to decide to terminate the membership of a Knesset Member if it has determined that what is said in article 7a(a)(2) or (3) regarding a candidate, applies to him, after that Knesset was elected. (2) A decision, as stated in paragraph (1), shall be adopted on the basis of a proposal by the House Committee, which was adopted by a majority of three quarters of its members, on the basis of a request of 70 Knesset Members, at least 10 of whom are Members of the Knesset in parliamentary groups that are not sides to agreements that require support of the Government. Suspension (Amendments Nos. 7, 26 & 38)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec42b
section: 42b
title: Suspension 26 & 38)
content:
(3) The position of anyone whose membership in the Knesset was terminated on the basis of paragraph (1) shall be vacated 14 days from the day of the Knesset's decision, but in the period from the Knesset's decision to the day on which the membership shall terminate he will not be entitled to participate in the Knesset's sittings, or the meetings of a Knesset committee, save for the purpose of voting. (4) The Member of the Knesset is entitled to appeal to the Supreme Court on the decision of the Knesset to terminate his membership. (5) This clause shall not apply in a period of elections, as prescribed by law. (6) Details regarding the submission of the request, its deliberation and objections to the decision shall be laid down by law or in the Knesset Rules of Procedure. (a) In the case of a Member of the Knesset, who has been convicted of a felony, and the court has ruled, upon its own initiative or at the request of the Attorney General, that the offence involves moral turpitude, he shall be suspended from his membership in the Knesset from the day on which the court gave its ruling, and until the date on which the verdict became final. (b) A Member of the Knesset, who was convicted of a felony, and was sentenced to imprisonment, shall be suspended from his membership in the Knesset for the period of his imprisonment. Ending the Knesset membership of a minister or a deputy minister (Amendments Nos. 49, 51 & 52) (Amendment No. 52)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec42c
section: 42c
title: Nos. 49, 51 & 52)
content:
(b1) The provisions of this article shall also apply to a Member of the Knesset, who has been convicted of an offence, as stated in clauses (a) or (b), before he became a Member of the Knesset. (a) A Member of the Knesset, who serves as a minister or a deputy minister is entitled to terminate his membership in the Knesset on the basis of the provisions of this article. Terminating the membership as stated shall be by means of a written notice to the Speaker of the Knesset, with the attachment of the written approval of the Chairperson of the Knesset Members’ Parliamentary Group, and the provisions of article 40 shall apply to it. The provisions of this article shall not apply to a Member of the Knesset serving as Prime Minister, his Deputy, the Alternate Prime Minister, or the Acting Prime Minister. (a1) Despite what is said in clause (a), a Member of the Knesset, who serves as a minister or as a deputy minister is not entitled to stop his membership in the Knesset in accordance with this article in the period from the beginning of the term of a new Knesset, and until the formation of a government in accordance with article 13 or 13a(e) to Basic-Law: The Government, and from the 90th day before the Knesset’s election day, in accordance with article 9, or from the day on which the reason was created for the holding of elections in accordance with article 34 or 36a, or in accordance with article 11(b) or 29(f) to Basic-Law: The Government, as applicable. (b) The Knesset membership of a Member of the Knesset, who submitted a notice as stated in clause (a), shall terminate 48 hours after the notice reached the hands of the Knesset Speaker, unless he retracted from his previous notice in a written notice to the Speaker of the Knesset. Should the said period end on a rest day, it shall be put off to the following day that is not a rest day, and all as prescribed by law. (c) (Amendments Nos. 51 & 52) (d) Should the Knesset membership of a minister or a deputy minister terminate on the basis of the provisions of this article, his membership in the Knesset to which he was elected shall be renewed, should one of the following occur: (1) He ceased to serve as a minister or a deputy minister; (2) He became Prime Minister, or Alternate Prime Minister; (3) He was assigned to serve as Acting Prime Minister; (4) He became Deputy Prime Minister. (1) These provisions shall apply with regards to the maximal number of Knesset Members in the same parliamentary group, who may terminate their membership in the Knesset according to this article: (a) Should the Parliamentary Group number one to three Members of the Knesset – half the members of the Parliamentary Group may terminate their membership. Should the result of the calculation not lead to a whole number, the number shall be completed to the next whole number; (a1) Should the Parliamentary Group number four to six Members of the Knesset – three Members of the Knesset may terminate their membership; (2) (e) (b) Should the Parliamentary Group number seven to nine Members of the Knesset – four Members of the Knesset may terminate their membership; (c) Should the Parliamentary Group number between ten to seventeen Members of the Knesset – five Members of the Knesset may terminate their membership. (d) Should the Parliamentary Group number at least eighteen members of the Knesset – a third of the members of the Parliamentary Group may terminate their membership. Should the result of the calculation not lead to a whole number, the number shall be completed to the next whole number. A change in the number of members of a parliamentary group resulting, inter alia, because of splitting or a merger with another parliamentary group, shall not affect the termination of the Knesset membership of a Member of the Knesset before the change, as stated. Should the Knesset membership of a Member of the Knesset terminate in accordance with this article, and his membership in the Knesset was renewed because he ceased to serve as a minister, or ceased to serve as a deputy minister, due to circumstances other than those listed in article 26(2) of Basic-Law: The Government, his membership in the Knesset shall not be terminated again in accordance of the provisions of this article, during the term of that Knesset. (f) (Amendment No. 52) (g) (1) Despite what is said in clause (c) a minister or a deputy minister who was a Member of the Knesset and terminated his membership in the Knesset on the basis of this article, and a Member of the Knesset, who is a minister or deputy minister, who are members of the same parliamentary group, are entitled to inform the Speaker of the Knesset in a joint written notice of the renewal of the Knesset membership of the minister or deputy minister whose membership was terminated, and the termination of the service of the other Knesset Member, at the same time (in this Basic Law - the replacement notice). (2) The provisions of clause (b), with the required changes, shall apply to the renewal of membership and termination of membership in the Knesset in accordance with the replacement notice. However, a retraction from the replacement notice shall take place only by means of a written joint notice by those submitting the replacement notice to the Speaker of the Knesset. (3) A Member of the Knesset, whose Knesset membership was renewed on the basis of paragraph (1) shall not submit an additional replacement notice during the term of that Knesset. A minister or a deputy minister, who ended his membership in the Knesset in accordance with this article, and submitted a letter of resignation in accordance with article 22(a) or 26(1) to Basic-Law: The Government, or who received a letter of removal from office in accordance with article 22(b), 26(3), 43d(b) or 43e(b) to Basic-Law: The Government, as applicable, is entitled to inform the Speaker of the Knesset, soon after the time of submission or receipt as stated, that his membership in the Knesset shall not be renewed, and he shall be considered to have resigned from the Knesset at the time of the end of his service in the Government. The provisions of article 40 shall apply to the notice to the Speaker of the Knesset, as stated in this clause, with the necessary changes. Replacement of Members of the Knesset (Amendments Nos. 7, 42 and temporary provision, & 49)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec43
section: 43
title: Nos. 7, 42 and temporary provision, & 49)
content:
(a) Should the position of a Member of the Knesset fall vacant, he shall be replaced by a candidate - from the list of candidates that included his name – whose name appears first after the name of the last of the elected candidates. (b) The position of whoever has been suspended from membership in the Knesset on the basis of article 42b, shall be vacated for the period of the suspension, and he shall be replaced by the candidate as stated in clause (a). Should he resume his position, the last candidate in the list of candidates to have become a Member of the Knesset shall cease to serve, but his right to become a Member of the Knesset thereafter under clause (a) shall not be compromised. (c) The position of anyone whose Knesset membership was terminated on the basis of article 42c(a), shall be vacated, and he shall be replaced by the candidate as stated in clause (a). Should his membership be renewed on the basis of article 42c(c) the provisions of the final section of clause (b) shall apply. (d) The position of anyone whose Knesset membership was terminated on the basis of the replacement notice on the basis of article 42c(f) (in this article- the replaced Knesset Member), shall be vacated, and he shall be replaced by whoever submitted the replacement notice together with him, as stated in that article. (e) Once the membership of the replaced Knesset Member has been renewed on the basis of article 42c(c), the provisions of the final section of clause (b) shall apply. (f) Should the membership of the replaced Knesset Member be renewed in accordance with an additional replacement notice on the basis of article 42c(f), the provisions of clause (d) shall apply. Stability of the law


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec44
section: 44
title: Stability of the law
content:
Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, Emergency Regulations cannot change, temporarily suspend, or subject this law to conditions. Rigidity of articles


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec45
section: 45
title: Rigidity of articles
content:
Article 44, or this article, may not be changed, save by a majority of eighty Members of the Knesset. Application of rigidity (Amendment No. 15)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec45a
section: 45a
title: Application of rigidity
content:
The provision of article 45 shall apply also to a change of article 9a(a). When a special majority is required (Amendments Nos. 3, 11 & 15)


document_id: basic-law-the-knesset-1958
provision_ref: sec46
section: 46
title: majority is required 11 & 15)
content:
Under this law the majority required to change articles 4, 9a, 34, 44, or 45 shall be required for decisions in the Knesset plenum in first reading, second reading, and third reading. Regarding this article "change" – whether explicit or implicit.


document_id: basic-law-the-president-1964
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: Place of residence
content:
The place of residence of the President of the State is Jerusalem. Election and term of office (Amendments Nos. 2 & 5


document_id: basic-law-the-president-1964
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: Election and term of office (Amendments Nos. 2 & 5
content:
(a) The President of the State is elected by the Knesset for seven years. The term of office shall be calculated on the basis of the Hebrew calendar. (b) The President of the State shall serve for a single term of office only. Eligibility (Amendment No. 5)


document_id: basic-law-the-president-1964
provision_ref: sec4
section: 4
title: Eligibility
content:
Every Israeli citizen, who is a resident of Israel, is eligible to be a candidate for the office of President of the State. Date of election (Amendment No. 8)


document_id: basic-law-the-president-1964
provision_ref: sec5
section: 5
title: Date of election
content:
The election of the President of the State shall be held no earlier than ninety days, and no later than thirty days before the expiration of the term of the serving President. Should the position of the President of the State fall vacant before the expiration of his term of office, the election shall be held within forty-five days from the day on which his position fell vacant. The Speaker of the Knesset, in consultation with the Deputy Speakers, shall set the election day, and shall inform all the Members of the Knesset in writing thereof, at least three weeks in advance. Should the date of the election fall outside one of the Knesset sessions, the Speaker of the Knesset shall convene the Knesset for the purpose of electing the President of the State. nomination of candidates (Amendment No. 8)


document_id: basic-law-the-president-1964
provision_ref: sec7
section: 7
title: Voting
content:
(1) The nomination of a candidate for the President of the State shall be submitted in writing to the Speaker of the Knesset, together with the written consent of the candidate, on the fourteenth day before the election day. A Member of the Knesset shall not participate in the nomination of more than one candidate. (2) Whoever is nominated by at least ten Members of the Knesset as a candidate shall be a candidate for the President of the State, unless the number of nominators fell below ten due to the deletion of the name of a Knesset Member as stated in paragraph (3). (3) Should a Member of the Knesset be party to nominating more than one candidate, the name of the Knesset Member shall be deleted from the list of the nominators of all the candidates who he nominated. Should the number of nominators of a candidate fall below ten due to the deletion of a name from the list of nominators, a Member of the Knesset who was not party to any nomination may add his name to the list of nominators of that candidate, no later than eight days before the election day. The Speaker of the Knesset shall inform all the Members of the Knesset in writing, no later than seven days before the day of the election, of every candidate who was nominated, and shall announce the candidates at the opening of the sitting at which the election is to be held. The election of the President of the State shall be by secret ballot at a Knesset sitting to be dedicated exclusively to this matter. Election by a majority of votes (Amendments Nos. 7 & 9) Declaration of allegiance


document_id: basic-law-the-president-1964
provision_ref: sec9
section: 9
title: 8.
content:
(a) Should there be two candidates or more, the candidate who received the votes of a majority of the Knesset Members – he is the one elected. Should no candidate receive such a majority, a second ballot is to be held. In the second vote only the two candidates who received the votes of the largest number of Knesset Members in the first vote shall stand for election. The candidate who received a majority of the votes of the Knesset Members participating in the second vote, and who have voted for one of the candidates – shall be elected. Should two candidates receive an equal number of votes, the voting shall be repeated. (b) Should there be only one candidate, the voting is to be held in his favor or against him, and he shall be the person elected should the votes in his favor surpass the votes against him. Should the number of votes in his favor be equal to the votes against him, the voting shall be repeated. (c) Should a President fail to be elected on the basis of clause (b), a reelection shall take place within thirty days from the day of the voting on the basis of the provisions of articles 5 to 7 and this article. However, the nomination of a candidate on the basis of article 6(a) shall be submitted no later than seven days before the day of the election. The elected President shall make and sign the following declaration of allegiance before the Knesset: "I pledge myself to bear allegiance to the State of Israel and to its laws, and to faithfully perform my duties as President of the State". Making the declaration and commencement of office


document_id: basic-law-the-president-1964
provision_ref: sec10
section: 10
title: Making the declaration and commencement of office
content:
(a) The President-elect shall make his declaration upon the termination of the term of office of the previous President, or as close as possible beforehand, and shall begin to serve at the end of the term of office of the previous President. Responsibilities and powers (Amendments Nos. 3 & 6) 11 (b) Should the position of the President of the State fall vacant before the end of his term of office, the Presidentelect shall declare his allegiance as soon as possible after his election, and shall start to serve from the moment that he made his declaration. (a) The President of the State (1) Shall sign every law, other than laws relating to his powers; (2) Shall perform the duties assigned to him by BasicLaw: The Government; (3) Shall receive from the Government reports on its meetings; (4) Shall accredit the diplomatic representatives of the State, shall receive the credentials of diplomatic representatives sent to Israel by foreign states, shall empower the consular representatives of the State, and shall confirm appointments of consular representatives sent to Israel by foreign states; (5) Shall sign treaties with foreign states approved by the Knesset; (6) Shall carry out every responsibility assigned to him by law in connection with the appointment and removal from office of judges and other office holders. (b) The President of the State has the power to pardon offenders and modify sentences by reducing or commuting them. (c) The President of the State shall carry out any other responsibility, and hold every other power assigned to him by law. Countersignature (Amendments 3 & 6)


document_id: basic-law-the-president-1964
provision_ref: sec12
section: 12
title: Countersignature
content:
The signature of the President of the State on an official document, requires the countersignature of the Prime Minister, or of another minister assigned by the Government, except for a document connected with the formation of the Government or the dissolution of the Knesset. Immunity in performance of duties


document_id: basic-law-the-president-1964
provision_ref: sec13
section: 13
title: Immunity in performance of duties
content:
(a) The President of the State shall not be accountable to any court of law or tribunal for anything connected with his functions or powers, and shall be immune from any legal action on this account. (b) The President of the State is not obliged to disclose in giving evidence anything that came to his knowledge while performing his duties as President of the State. (c) The immunity of the President of the State on the basis of this article shall continue to apply also after he has ceased to be the President of the State. Immunity from criminal proceedings


document_id: basic-law-the-president-1964
provision_ref: sec14
section: 14
title: Immunity from criminal proceedings
content:
The President of the State shall not face criminal charges. The period during which the President of the State cannot be prosecuted for an offence by force of this article shall not be counted as part of the period of obsolescence of the said offence. Evidence 15 Should the President be required to give evidence, the evidence shall be taken at such place and time as shall be determined in agreement with him. Salary and other payments (Amendment No. 1)


document_id: basic-law-the-president-1964
provision_ref: sec16
section: 16
title: Salary and other payments (Amendment No. 1)
content:
The salary of the President of the State, and other payments made to him during his tenure of office, shall be determined by a decision of the Knesset, and it is entitled to authorize the Finance Committee for this purpose. Decisions on the basis of this article shall be published in the Official Gazette. Exclusivity of position


document_id: basic-law-the-president-1964
provision_ref: sec17
section: 17
title: Exclusivity of position
content:
(a) The President of the State shall not serve in a post and shall not fulfill any position other than his post and position as President of the State, unless the Knesset House Committee has agreed to it. (b) The President of the State is exempt from any mandatory service. Travel abroad


document_id: basic-law-the-president-1964
provision_ref: sec18
section: 18
title: Travel abroad
content:
The President of the State shall not leave the State boundaries save with the consent of the Government. Resignation (Amendment No. 10)


document_id: basic-law-the-president-1964
provision_ref: sec19
section: 19
title: Resignation
content:
The President of the State is entitled to resign from his office by submitting a letter of resignation to the Speaker of the Knesset. The letter of resignation need not be countersigned. The position of the President shall become vacant after the letter of resignation has reached the Speaker of the Knesset. Removal of the President from office


document_id: basic-law-the-president-1964
provision_ref: sec20
section: 20
title: Removal of the President from office
content:
(a) The Knesset is entitled, by means of a resolution, to remove the President of the State from office, should it decide that he is unworthy of his office due to conduct that is inappropriate for his status as President of the State. (b) The Knesset shall not remove the President of the State from office, save after a complaint was brought to the House Committee by at least twenty Members of the Knesset, and on the basis of a decision of the House Committee adopted by a majority of three quarters of the members of the Committee. The decision of the Knesset to remove the President from his office requires a majority of three quarters of its Members as well. Vacancy of the post for health reasons


document_id: basic-law-the-president-1964
provision_ref: sec21
section: 21
title: Vacancy of the post for health reasons
content:
(c) The House Committee shall not propose the removal of the President of the State from his office, unless he has been given the opportunity to refute the complaint on the basis of the procedure laid down by the Committee with the approval of the Knesset, and the Knesset shall not decide to remove the President of the State from his office save after he has been given the opportunity to have his say on the basis of the procedure laid down by the House Committee with the approval of the Knesset. (d) The President of the State is entitled to be represented before the House Committee and before the Knesset by his council, as long as a Member of the Knesset shall not serve as council of the President. The House Committee and the Knesset are entitled to invite the President of the State to be present during the deliberations on the basis of this article. (e) The Knesset deliberations on the basis of this article shall be held in a sitting designated to this matter alone, or in successive sittings designated as stated. The debate shall begin no later than twenty days after the decision of the House Committee. The Speaker of the Knesset shall inform all the Knesset Members in writing of the time of its beginning, at least ten days in advance. Should the beginning of the debate not occur during one of the Knesset sessions, the Speaker of the Knesset shall convene the Knesset in order to hold the debate. (a) The Knesset is entitled, in a resolution taken by a majority of its Members, to declare that for health reasons the President of the State is permanently unable to perform his duties. (b) The Knesset shall not adopt the said resolution, save in accordance with a proposal of the House Committee adopted by two thirds of its Members, on the basis of a medical opinion submitted according to rules laid down by the Committee.


document_id: basic-law-the-president-1964
provision_ref: sec22
section: 22
title:
adopted by two thirds of its Members, on the basis of a medical opinion submitted according to rules laid down by the Committee.

content:
22.. (c) Should the Knesset adopt a resolution as aforesaid, the office of the President of the State shall become vacant from the day of the resolution. (a) The President of the State shall temporarily cease to perform his duties, and exercise his powers - (b) (1) Should he leave the borders of the State - from the time of his departure until his return; (2) Should he notify the House Committee that he is temporarily unable to perform his duties, and the House Committee has approved his notification by a majority of the votes - from the approval of his announcement until the end of the period, which the Committee has fixed, or until the President of the State has notified the House Committee that he is no longer unable to perform his duties, whichever is the earlier date; (3) Should the House Committee decide by a majority of two thirds of its members, on the basis of a medical opinion submitted in accordance with the rules prescribed by the Committee, that for health reasons the President of the State is temporarily unable to perform his duties - from the adoption of the decision until the end of the period fixed by the Committee in its decision, or until it has decided that the President is no longer unable to perform his duties. The House Committee shall not prescribe, in accordance with clause (a)(2) or (3), a period of over three months. It is entitled to prolong it, consecutively, for no more than three additional months. A prolongation of the period for above this period requires a resolution by the Knesset adopted by a majority of the Knesset Members, on the basis of a proposal by the House Committee. Acting President and substitute Notices in the Official Gazette


document_id: basic-law-the-president-1964
provision_ref: sec24
section: 24
title: 23.
content:
(a) Should the position of the President of the State be vacated, and as long as the new President of the State has not assumed office, the Speaker of the Knesset shall serve as Acting President of the State. (b) During the period that the President of the State has temporarily ceased to perform his duties and exercise his powers, the Speaker of the Knesset shall substitute for the President of the State. (c) While serving as Acting President of the State, or as the substitute of the President of the State, the Speaker of the Knesset shall perform the functions assigned to the President of the State by law and exercise the powers vested in the President of the State by law. (a) The Speaker of the Knesset shall publish a notice in the Official Gazette with regards to the following - (b) (1) The commencement of the service of the President of the State; (2) The vacating of the position of the President of the State; (3) The commencement of the service of the Speaker of the Knesset as the substitute of the President of the State, and the termination of this service, on the basis of article 22(a)(2) or (3). The Prime Minister shall publish a notice in the Official Gazette regarding the departure of the President of the State from the borders of the State. Stability of the law


document_id: basic-law-the-president-1964
provision_ref: sec25
section: 25
title: Stability of the law
content:
Notwithstanding the provisions of any other law, Emergency Regulations cannot change, temporarily suspend, or condition this law. Repeal


document_id: basic-law-the-president-1964
provision_ref: sec27
section: 27
title: Transitional provisions
content:
The following are repealed - (1) Articles 2(c), 6 and 7 of the Transition Law, 57091949; (2) The Office of the President of the State Law, 5712-1951. The Law for Determining the Salaries of the President of the State, the Members of the Government, and the Chief Rabbis of Israel, 5711-1950, shall no longer apply to the salary of the President of the State, or to the payments due to him or his heirs. The President of the State elected by the Knesset on 27 Iyar 5723 (21 May, 1963), shall be considered to have been elected on the basis of this law, and to have served in accordance with it.


document_id: basic-law-the-state-economy-1975
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Taxes, mandatory loans and fees (Amendment No. 1)
content:
(a) (b) Taxes, mandatory loans and other mandatory payments, shall not be introduced, and their rates shall not be changed, save by law, or on its basis. The same applies to fees. Taxes, mandatory loans, other mandatory payments and fees that are paid to the State treasury, and whose rates have not been prescribed in the law itself, and there is no provision in the law to the effect that their prescription in regulations requires the approval of the Knesset, or of one of its Committees, their prescription in regulations requires prior approval, or approval within the period laid down by law - by means of a Knesset resolution, or a decision by one of its Committees authorized for this purpose by the Knesset. State assets


document_id: basic-law-the-state-economy-1975
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: State assets
content:
Transactions in state assets, the acquisition of rights, and the assumption of liabilities in the name of the State, shall be performed by someone authorized to do so by law, or on the basis of the law. The State budget (Amendments No. 1, 2, 7, 8, 9, 12 & 13)


document_id: basic-law-the-state-economy-1975
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: The State budget 2, 7, 8, 9, 12 & 13)
content:
(a) (b) (1) The State budget shall be prescribed by law. (2) The budget shall be for one year, and shall present the Government's expected and planned expenditure. (1) (a) The Government shall lay the Budget Bill on the Knesset's table at a time appointed by the Knesset Finance Committee, but no later than 60 days before the beginning of the financial year, and no earlier than six months before the beginning of the financial year. (b) (1) Despite what is said in sub-clause (a), should circumstances exist as mentioned in article 36a(b) in BasicLaw: The Knesset, and the Budget Law was not adopted before the beginning of the financial year, the Government shall lay the Budget Bill on the Knesset’s table at a time appointed by the Knesset Finance Committee, but no later than 60 days before the appointed day, as laid down in that article, and with regards to this period Jewish holidays and holiday eves, in accordance with their meaning in that article, shall not be counted. (2) (c) Should what is said in sub-clause (1) be realized, and under the said circumstances only, the Government is entitled to lay on the Knesset table, together with the Budget Bill as stated in sub-clause (1), a budget bill for the following budget year, even if the submission date is earlier than six months before the beginning of that budget year. (2) The Budget Bill shall be detailed. (3) The detailed budget proposal of the Defense Ministry, and the detailed budget proposal of defense bodies that shall be determined with regards to this matter by law, shall not be laid on the Knesset table, but on the table of a joint committee of the Knesset Finance Committee and Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee. (4) The Finance Bill shall be accompanied by an estimate of the sources for financing it. If necessary, the Government is entitled to submit an additional budget bill in the course of the financial year. Should the government foresee that the Budget Law shall not be approved before the beginning of the Financial Year, it is entitled to submit an Interim Budget Bill. Multi-annual budget (Amendment No. 4)


document_id: basic-law-the-state-economy-1975
provision_ref: sec3a
section: 3a
title: Multi-annual budget
content:
(e) Every year, the Minister of Finance shall submit a report on the implementation of the State Budget to the Knesset. Details shall be prescribed by law. (a) Towards every financial year the Government shall prepare a multi-annual budget that shall include the Budget Bill for the coming year, as well as a budget plan for the following two consecutive years. Convergence apparatus (Amendment No 13) 3a1. (b) The Government shall lay on the Knesset table the Multi-Annual Budget Program together with the Budget Bill. (c) Every Budget Bill submitted by the Government to the Knesset shall be based on the Multi-Annual Budget Program that was prepared and laid on the Knesset table on the basis of this article in the previous year. (a) Once the Government has laid a budget bill on the Knesset table, as stated in article 3(b)(1)(b)(2) (in this article – the budget year), the following provisions shall apply: (1) In the Budget Law for the budget year an adjustments budget will be prescribed whose rate and provisions for the matter of its use, shall be laid down by law (in this article – Adjustments Budget). The Government shall submit its proposal for the use of the adjustments budget for the approval of the Knesset Finance Committee; (2) The Government, on the basis of the proposal of the Minister of Finance, shall submit to the Knesset, by November 1 of the year preceding the budget year, and no earlier than October 15 in the year that preceded the budget year, a report on the matter of the existence or nonexistence of an expenditure difference or a deficit difference that are expected in the budget year (in this article – Differences Report). Instructions on the matter of the submission of the Differences Report, and the details included in it, shall be laid down by law; (3) The Minister of Finance shall report to the Knesset Finance Committee, no later than 60 days before the submission of the Differences Report, about the economic and fiscal trends expected in the course of the financial year; (4) Should it be expected that in the course of the budget year there will be an expenditure difference or a deficit difference according to the Differences Report, and according to the said report use of the adjustments budget will not cover the full difference as stated, the Minister of Finance shall submit for the Government’s approval, together with the Differences Report, a plan for covering the difference balance (in this article – Balancing Plan). Provisions for the matter of preparing a balancing plan, and its details, shall be laid down by law. The Government shall approve and submit to the Knesset and the Knesset Finance Committee, the Balancing Plan, together with the approval of the Differences Report; (5) Should the actions based on the Balancing Plan be performed by December 1 of the year that preceded the budget year, and no deficit difference or expenditure difference remains, the Government shall approve this in a decision it shall deliver by the said date, and shall lay its approval on the Knesset table by December 1, in the year that preceded the budget year; (6) Should no actions have been taken in accordance with the Balancing Plan, or only part of them were performed by December 1 in the year that preceded the budget year, and a deficit difference, or expenditure difference remains, the following provisions shall apply, as applicable: (7) (a) Should a deficit difference remain – the government expenditure sum permitted under the Budget Law for the budget year shall be reduced by the remaining deficit difference. The Government, in accordance with the proposal of the Minister of Finance, shall bring for the approval of the Knesset Finance Committee, a plan to reduce the permitted government expenditure, in accordance with this paragraph, by December 1 in the year that preceded the budget year; (b) Should an expenditure difference remain – the Government, in accordance with the proposal of the Minister of Finance, shall bring for the approval of the Knesset Finance Committee a plan to reduce the expenditure articles in the Budget Law for the budget year, in order to cover the remaining expenditure difference, by December 1 in the year that preceded the budget year; (c) The provisions relating to the matter of the plan that shall be submitted in accordance with clause (a) or (b), and the approval by the Knesset Finance Committee, shall be laid down by law. The Knesset Finance Committee is entitled to propose to the Minister of Finance, changes in the plan for reducing the government expenditure that is permitted as stated in paragraph (6)(a) or (b), until December 15 in the year that preceded the budget year. Should the Committee propose as stated, the Government shall submit for the approval of the Committee, after it has weighted the proposals of the Committee as stated, a plan for the reduction of the permitted Government expenditure by December 24 in the year that preceded the budget year; (b) (8) Should the Knesset Finance Committee fail to approve the plan submitted by the Government in accordance with paragraph 6(a) or (b), or in accordance with paragraph (7), the expenditure sums in the articles of the budget in the Budget Law, shall be reduced equally to the level of the remaining deficit difference, or expenditure difference as stated in article (6), as applicable, in order to cover the remaining difference; (9) The Knesset Finance Committee is entitled to lay on the Knesset table its conclusions from its deliberations, as stated in paragraphs (1), (3), (4) and (6) to (8). The instructions for the deliberation on this matter in the Knesset shall be laid down by law. In this article – “Deficit Difference” – the difference between the deficit forecast for the budget year, to the permitted deficit sum for the budget year, as determined by law; “Expenditure Difference” – the difference between the Government expenditure forecast for the budget year, and the approved sum of the Government expenditure for the budget year, as determined by law. Non-adoption of the Budget Law (Amendments Nos. 5, 8,10 and temporary provision & 11 and temporary provision.


document_id: basic-law-the-state-economy-1975
provision_ref: sec3b
section: 3b
title: 8,10 and temporary provision & 11 and temporary provision.
content:
(a) Should the Budget Law fail to be adopted before the beginning of the financial year, the following provisions shall apply to continuation budget year: (1) The Government shall be entitled to spend expenditures, as detailed below: (a) Every month, a sum equal to one twelfth of the permitted government expenditure for the previous year, or of the ceiling of the government expenditure for the previous year, which shall be linked to the rate of the population growth, whichever is lower; (2) (3) (Amendments No. 10 and temporary measure, & No. 11 and temporary measure) (b) Expenditure, which is conditioned on income, in accordance with provisions to be prescribed by law; (c) Expenditure of business enterprises, which operated in the course of the previous financial year, in accordance with provisions to be determined by law; (d) The return of principal debts, which is not the return of debts, as stated, to the National Insurance Institute; The Government shall be entitled to assume commitments within the limits of the sums as detailed below, as long as these commitments shall not increase the expenditure in that year beyond the expenditure sum in the continuation budget: (a) The sum of the authorization to undertake commitments, in accordance with instructions that shall be prescribed by law; (b) The sum of the expenditure in the continuation budget, the sum for expenditure conditioned on income, and the sum for the expenditure of business enterprises, as stated in sub-paragraphs (a) to (c) and (e) of paragraph (1), in accordance with instructions that shall be prescribed by law; (c) A sum left over, that remained in the articles of the budget in the previous Budget Law, in accordance with instructions that shall be prescribed by law. The Government shall be entitled to fill positions, by a number that shall not surpass the number of positions specified in the previous Budget Law. (a1) Expired (a2) Expired (b) Funds on the basis of clause (a)(1)(a) to (c), shall be earmarked first of all to fulfilling the State's commitments by force of laws, contracts and treaties. The remainder shall be used by the Government only to implement vital services, and activities that were included in the previous Budget Law, including those added by means of budgetary changes (in this clause – vital services and previous activities). Government commitments, in accordance with clause (a)(2) shall be only for vital services and previous activities. (Amendments No. 10 and temporary measure, & No. 11 and temporary measure) (b1) A plan including the expected and planned detailed government expenditures, according to this article, shall be laid by the Ministry of Finance on the Government table, and shall be submitted to the Knesset Finance Committee no later than a month from the beginning of the year of the continuation budget. The detailed expenditures of the Ministry of Defense, and the security bodies, shall be laid on the table of the Joint Committee of the Knesset Finance Committee, and Foreign Affairs and Defense Committee, as defined in article 18 of the Basis of the Budget Law 5745-1985. The Minister of Finance shall report to the Knesset Finance Committee, once a month, of the Government expenditures, in accordance with the said plan. (c) This article is not to be changed save by a majority of the Knesset Members. (d) In this article – “Government expenditure” – the net government expenditure, including the granting of credit, and less return of principal debts only, as long as it is not return of debts, as stated, to the National Insurance Institute; “Permitted government expenditure”, for a particular financial year – the sum of permitted government expenditure according to the Budget Law for that year, and if a budget law has not been adopted for that year – the sum of the permitted government expenditure according to this Basic Law; “The expenditure sum of the continuation budget” – the total annual sum of the government expenditure as stated in clause (a)(1)(a); “The rate of population growth” – the average rates of population growth in Israel, which was published by the Central Bureau for Statistics in the three years that preceded the year previous to the continuation budget; “Continuation budget year” – a financial year, which until its beginning, no budget law was adopted for that year, and if a budget was adopted during that year – that part of the financial year from the beginning of the year, and until the adoption of the Budget Law as stated; “The ceiling of the government expenditure”, for a particular financial year – the maximal sum of the government expenditure which may be provided, by law, in the Budget Law, less the sum of the government expenditure in that year, which is not taken into account as part of the maximal government expenditure which may be prescribed by law in the Budget Law in the following year. Legislation requiring a budget (Amendment No. 6)


document_id: basic-law-the-state-economy-1975
provision_ref: sec3c
section: 3c
title: Legislation requiring a budget (Amendment No. 6)
content:
(a) A budgetary bill shall not be adopted by the Knesset, save by the votes of at least 50 Members of the Knesset. The said majority is required in first reading, in second reading, and in third reading. However, should a bill turn into a budgetary bill after the first reading, the said majority is required in second reading, and in third reading. (b) A budgetary reservation shall not be adopted by the Knesset save by the votes of at least 50 Members of the Knesset. Should a budgetary reservation to a bill be adopted, the Bill shall not be approved by the Knesset in third reading, save by the votes of at least 50 Members of the Knesset. (c) In relation to this article, the determination of the budgetary cost of a bill or reservation shall be performed by one of the Knesset Committees deliberating that Bill or reservation (hereafter - the Committee). The Committee shall determine the budgetary cost, on the basis of the evaluation of the Minister of Finance, or anyone authorized by him for this purpose, unless it has been proven, to its satisfaction, on the basis of some other evaluation submitted to it, that the budgetary cost is different from the estimation of the Minister of Finance. evaluations on the basis of this article shall be submitted with attached figures and estimates. (d) In this article "A budgetary bill" - a bill to which all the following apply: (1) It was submitted by someone other than the Government; (2) Its implementation involves a budgetary cost of 5 million NIS or more, in any given budget year; (3) The Government did not approve the budgetary cost; "A budgetary reservation" - a reservation to a bill, in which all the following apply: (1) Its implementation involves a budgetary cost of 5 million NIS or more, in any given budget year; (2) The Government did not approve the budgetary cost; "Budgetary cost" - an expenditure or a commitment for expenditure from the State Budget, or a diminution of State revenue, even if the aforesaid expenditure or reduction is accompanied by a reduction of expenditure or commitments for expenditure from the State Budget, or an increase of the state revenue; "Expenditure from the State budget", "a reduction of State revenue" - including expenditure from the budget of a budgeted body, or a reduction of the revenues of a budgeted body; "A budgeted body" - as defined in article 21 of the Foundations of the Budget Law, 5745-1985. (e) The sums specified in the definitions of "budgetary bill" and "budgetary reservation" in clause (d) shall be updated on 1 January of every year, on the basis of the rate of change in the consumer price index published by the Central Bureau of Statistics. (f) The provisions of this article shall not apply to a bill concerning the dissolution of the Knesset, and the holding of elections. Currency bills and coins


document_id: basic-law-the-state-economy-1975
provision_ref: sec4
section: 4
title: Currency bills and coins
content:
The printing of currency bills and the minting of coins that shall serve as legal tender, as well as the issue thereof, shall be performed in accordance with the law. Control (Amendment No. 3)


document_id: civil-procedure-regulations-1984
provision_ref: reg1
section: 1
title: Scope
content:
Regulation 1. These Regulations apply to all civil proceedings in the Magistrate's Courts and District Courts of Israel.


document_id: civil-procedure-regulations-1984
provision_ref: reg30
section: 30
title: Discovery
content:
Regulation 30. (a) After the filing of a defense, either party may serve a notice on the other requiring the production of documents relevant to the case. (b) The notice may specify categories of documents, including electronic documents and computer records.


document_id: civil-procedure-regulations-1984
provision_ref: reg362
section: 362
title: Interim Injunctions
content:
Regulation 362. The court may grant an interim injunction restraining a party from performing an act or requiring a party to perform an act, if the court is satisfied that the applicant has a prima facie case and the balance of convenience favors the grant of the injunction.


document_id: civil-procedure-regulations-1984
provision_ref: reg500
section: 500
title: Electronic Filing
content:
Regulation 500. Court documents may be filed electronically through the court's electronic filing system, subject to technical requirements prescribed by the Director of Courts.


document_id: civil-wrongs-ordinance-1968
provision_ref: sec35
section: 35
title: Negligence
content:
Section 35. If a person does an act that a reasonable person would not do in the same circumstances, or fails to do an act that a reasonable person would do, and thereby causes damage to another, that constitutes negligence.


document_id: civil-wrongs-ordinance-1968
provision_ref: sec36
section: 36
title: Duty of Care
content:
Section 36. A person owes a duty of care to another if a reasonable person in the same position ought to have foreseen that the other might be harmed by the act or omission in the circumstances of the case.


document_id: civil-wrongs-ordinance-1968
provision_ref: sec63
section: 63
title: Breach of Statutory Duty
content:
Section 63. Where a statute prescribes a duty and its breach is actionable, a person who breaches the statutory duty is liable in tort to any person who suffers damage as a result of the breach, if the statute was intended for the protection of that person.


document_id: civil-wrongs-ordinance-1968
provision_ref: sec68
section: 68
title: Measure of Damages
content:
Section 68. In an action in tort, the court shall award damages as will, so far as money can do, restore the injured party to the position he would have been in had the tort not been committed.


document_id: civil-wrongs-ordinance-1968
provision_ref: sec76
section: 76
title: Contributory Negligence
content:
Section 76. Where the injured party contributed to the damage by his own negligence, the court shall apportion liability between the parties according to the degree of responsibility of each.


document_id: communications-law-1982
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. Definitions. In this Law: "telecommunications" - the transmission, emission, or reception of signs, signals, writing, images, sounds, or intelligence of any nature by wire, radio, optical, or other electromagnetic systems; "telecommunications service" - any service involving the provision of telecommunications; "licensee" - the holder of a license under this Law.


document_id: communications-law-1982
provision_ref: sec4
section: 4
title: Licensing Requirement
content:
Section 4. Licensing Requirement. (a) No person shall provide a telecommunications service except under a license issued by the Minister of Communications. (b) The Minister may issue general licenses, special licenses, or individual licenses, and may prescribe conditions for each type of license.


document_id: communications-law-1982
provision_ref: sec13
section: 13
title: Secrecy of Communications
content:
Section 13. Secrecy of Communications. (a) A licensee and any person employed by a licensee shall maintain the secrecy of communications transmitted through the licensee's network. (b) No person shall intercept, record, or disclose the contents of communications transmitted through a telecommunications network without the consent of the parties to the communication or authorization under law.


document_id: communications-law-1982
provision_ref: sec13A
section: 13A
title: Data Protection Obligations
content:
Section 13A. Data Protection Obligations. (a) A licensee shall take appropriate measures to protect subscriber data and communications data from unauthorized access, use, or disclosure. (b) Subscriber data shall not be used for purposes other than the provision of telecommunications services, except with the subscriber's consent or as required by law.


document_id: communications-law-1982
provision_ref: sec30
section: 30
title: Security Requirements
content:
Section 30. Security Requirements. (a) A licensee operating critical telecommunications infrastructure shall implement security measures as prescribed by the Minister of Communications. (b) The security measures shall address: (1) physical protection of infrastructure; (2) cybersecurity measures; (3) business continuity and disaster recovery; (4) incident reporting.


document_id: communications-law-1982
provision_ref: sec58
section: 58
title: Electronic Direct Marketing
content:
Section 58. Electronic Direct Marketing. (a) No person shall send an electronic commercial message by means of facsimile, automatic dialing system, electronic mail, or short message service (SMS), unless the recipient has given his prior express consent. (b) Exception: a person may send electronic commercial messages to a person who provided his contact details in the context of a prior commercial transaction, provided that the message relates to similar products or services, and the recipient was given a reasonable opportunity to refuse to receive such messages.


document_id: companies-law-1999
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. Definitions. In this Law: "company" - a body corporate incorporated under this Law or under one of the ordinances listed in the First Schedule; "limited company" - a company in which the liability of its shareholders is limited to the unpaid amount, if any, of the shares held by them; "public company" - a company whose shares are listed for trade on a stock exchange or have been offered to the public under a prospectus as defined in the Securities Law.


document_id: companies-law-1999
provision_ref: sec11
section: 11
title: Legal Personality
content:
Section 11. Legal Personality. A company is a legal entity from the date of its incorporation and until its dissolution.


document_id: companies-law-1999
provision_ref: sec252
section: 252
title: Duty of Care
content:
Section 252. Duty of Care. (a) An office holder shall act with the level of care with which a reasonable office holder would act in the same position and under the same circumstances, including taking reasonable measures to obtain information relevant to the business of the company and other information available to the office holder given the circumstances.


document_id: companies-law-1999
provision_ref: sec253
section: 253
title: Business Judgment Rule
content:
Section 253. Business Judgment Rule. An office holder shall be deemed to have fulfilled his duty of care under Section 252, if he acted in good faith and in a manner in which a reasonable office holder would have acted under the same circumstances, provided the office holder had no personal interest in the decision, was informed of the relevant facts, and reasonably believed the decision to be in the best interests of the company.


document_id: companies-law-1999
provision_ref: sec254
section: 254
title: Duty of Loyalty
content:
Section 254. Duty of Loyalty. (a) An office holder owes a duty of loyalty to the company, shall act in good faith and for the benefit of the company, and shall, inter alia: (1) refrain from any act involving a conflict of interest between the performance of his duties in the company and the performance of his other duties or his personal affairs; (2) refrain from any activity that is competitive with the company's business; (3) refrain from exploiting any business opportunity of the company to gain a personal advantage for himself or for another; (4) disclose to the company any information and provide any document related to the company's affairs which the office holder received by virtue of his position as office holder.


document_id: companies-law-1999
provision_ref: sec270A
section: 270A
title: Reporting Requirements
content:
Section 270A. Reporting Requirements. A public company shall file periodic reports with the Securities Authority including financial statements, material events, and any information material to the value of its securities, including information regarding risks to the company's information systems and cyber threats.


document_id: computer-law-1995
provision_ref: sec1
chapter: Chapter One: Definitions
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
In this Law – “computer material” - software or information; “computer” - a device that operates by means of software program for performing arithmetic or logic processing of data, as well as its peripheral equipment, including computers system, but excluding auxiliary computer; “auxiliary computer” - a computer capable of performing arithmetical calculation actions only and actions entailed in performing such actions; “information” - data, signs, concepts or instructions, excluding software program, which are expressed in computer-readable language, and which are stored in a computer or another means of storage, provided that the data, signs, concepts or instructions are not intended for use solely in an auxiliary computer; “output” - data, signs, concepts or instructions that are produced, in any manner, by a computer; “computer-readable language” - a form of expression suitable for delivery, interpretation or processing by a computer or an auxiliary computer only; “software program” - a set of commands expressed in computerreadable language, which is capable of causing a computer to function or to perform an action, and is embodied, imprinted, or marked on a device or object, by electronic, electromagnetic, electrochemical, electro-optic means or any other means, or is imprinted or integrated with the computer in any manner or is separate from it, and all if not intended for use solely in an * Published in Sefer Hachukkim 5755 No. 1534, 25 July 1995 p. 366 (P.L. 5754 No. 2278 p. 478). auxiliary computer. Disrupting or interfering with a computer or computer material


document_id: computer-law-1995
provision_ref: sec2
chapter: Chapter Two: Computer Offenses
section: 2
content:
A person who unlawfully does one of the following, shall be liable to imprisonment for a period of three years: (1) Disrupts the proper operation of a computer or interferes with its use; (2) Deletes computer material, alters it, disrupts it in any other way or interferes with its use. False information or false output


document_id: computer-law-1995
provision_ref: sec3
chapter: Chapter Two: Computer Offenses
section: 3
content:
3. (a) A person who does one of the following shall be liable to imprisonment for a period of five years: (1) Transfers to another person or stores in a computer false information or performs an action with respect to information so it would result in the production of false information or false output; (2) Writes software program, transfers software program to another person or stores software program in a computer, so it would result in the production of false information or false output, or operates a computer while using software program as aforesaid. (b) In this section, “false information” and “false output” - information or output that can mislead, pursuant to the objectives of their use. Unlawful penetration into computer material


document_id: computer-law-1995
provision_ref: sec4
chapter: Chapter Two: Computer Offenses
section: 4
content:
A person who unlawfully penetrates computer material located in a computer, shall be liable to imprisonment for a period of three years; for this purpose, “penetration into computer material” - penetration by means of communication or connection with a computer, or by operating it, but excluding penetration into computer material which constitutes eavesdropping under the Eavesdropping Law, 5729 – 1979. Penetration into computer material in order to commit another offense


document_id: computer-law-1995
provision_ref: sec6
chapter: Chapter Two: Computer Offenses
section: 6
content:
6. (a) A person who composes a software program in a manner that A person who performs an act prohibited under Section 4, in order to commit an offense under any law, excluding this Law, shall be liable to imprisonment for a period of five years. enables it to cause damage to or disruption of a non-specific computer or computer material, in order to unlawfully cause damage to or disruption of a computer or computer material, whether specific or non-specific, shall be liable to imprisonment for a period of three years. (b) A person who transfers software program to another, or who infiltrates another's computer with, a software program that is capable of causing damage or disruption as aforesaid in Subsection (a), in order to unlawfully cause the aforesaid damage or disruption, shall be liable to imprisonment for a period of five years. Civil wrongs


document_id: computer-law-1995
provision_ref: sec7
chapter: Chapter Three: Torts
section: 7
content:
7. An act among those specified below is a civil wrong under the Civil Torts Ordinance [New Version], and the provisions of that Ordinance shall apply to it – (1) Unlawful disruption of the use of a computer or of computer material, in any manner whatsoever, including by unlawfully taking a thing that embodies computer material; (2) Deletion of computer material, causing a change in it or disrupting it in any other manner, where done unlawfully. Burden of proof


document_id: computer-law-1995
provision_ref: sec8
chapter: Chapter Three: Torts
section: 8
content:
8. In a lawsuit filed under this Chapter, the defendant shall bear the burden of proving that the action was done lawfully. Compensation


document_id: computer-law-1995
provision_ref: sec9
chapter: Chapter Three: Torts
section: 9
content:
9. No compensation shall be granted in a lawsuit under this Chapter, unless it was proven that the damage was caused as a result of the negligence of the defendant. Clause A: Laws of Evidence Amendment to the Evidence Ordinance – No. 11


document_id: computer-law-1995
provision_ref: sec10
chapter: Chapter Four: Legislative Amendments
section: 10
content:
10. In Chapter Two of the Evidence Ordinance [New Version], 5731 – 1971, (1) In Article Five – (a) In the Article's headline, “institutional record” shall replace “bank records”; (b) Sections 35 and 36 shall be replaced by the following: “Definitions


document_id: computer-law-1995
provision_ref: sec35
chapter: Chapter Four: Legislative Amendments
section: 35
content:
35. In this article – "legal proceeding" - any civil or criminal proceeding in Court, in which evidence may be presented; "institution" - the State, a local authority, business or anyone who provides a service to the public; "business" - including an occupation; "output" - as defined in the Computers Law,5755-1995; "institutional record" - a document, including output, which is prepared by an institution during the course of the regular work of the institution; "banking corporation" - as defined in the Banking (Licensing) Law, 5741 – 1980, and including the Bank of Israel. Admissibility of an institutional record


document_id: computer-law-1995
provision_ref: sec36
chapter: Chapter Four: Legislative Amendments
section: 36
content:
36. (a) An institutional record will constitute admissible evidence for proving the veracity of its content in any legal proceeding, if all of the following are met – (1) The institution regularly, in the course of its work, keep documentation of the event that is the subject of the record in close proximity to its occurrence; (2) The method of collecting data which is the subject of the record and the method of documenting the record testify to the veracity of the content of the record; (3) If the record is output – it was proven in addition that – (a) The way the record is produced testifies to its credibility; (b) The institution regularly adopts reasonable protection measures against penetration into computer material and against disruption of the computer's operation. (b) If the record is output, the date of documenting the data that comprises the basis of the output will be considered, for the purposes of subsection (a)(1), as the date of the record's documentation. (c) The directives of Subsection (a) shall not apply to a record that was documented by one of the investigative authorities or the criminal prosecution and is submitted in a criminal proceeding by such an authority. This Subsection does not disqualify or restrict the submission of such record, if it is possible to submit it in accordance with the stipulations of Section 39B. (d) If evidence is admitted under this Section, the opposing side will be entitled to conduct a crossexamination of witnesses it summons to testify, in order to refute the evidence, if these witnesses are connected to the party on whose behalf the evidence was submitted.” (c) Section 37 shall be deleted; (d) Section 38 shall be replaced by the following: “Non-compulsion of submission of an institutional record of a banking corporation


document_id: computer-law-1995
provision_ref: sec38
chapter: Chapter Four: Legislative Amendments
section: 38
content:
In the course of a legal proceeding in which a banking corporation is not a party, a banker or an official of a banking corporation, shall not be compelled to submit an institutional record of a banking corporation whose content is subject to verification under this Clause, or to testify about transactions or accounts registered in the institutional record, unless under a court warrant issued for a special reason.” (e) In Section 39 – (1) The headline shall be replaced by “Permission to examine an institutional record of a banking corporation”; (2) In Subsection (a), the words “that is within the institutional record of a banking corporation” shall replace the words “that is within a bank book” ; (3) In Subsection (b), the words “the banking corporation” shall replace the words “the bank"; the words “to the banking corporation” shall replace “to the bank”, and the word “instruction” shall be deleted. (f) The following shall be inserted after Section 39: “Expert opinion


document_id: computer-law-1995
provision_ref: sec39A
chapter: Chapter Four: Legislative Amendments
section: 39A
content:
If the output is a statement of opinion in a matter of science, research, art, professional knowledge or a medical matter, the output will not be admissible as evidence unless it was submitted in accordance with the directives of the law that apply to the submission of testimony on these matters. Reservation of laws


document_id: computer-law-1995
provision_ref: sec39B
chapter: Chapter Four: Legislative Amendments
section: 39B
content:
39B. (a) The directives of this Clause will not qualify evidence that is inadmissible due to another reason, excluding the hearsay rule, and shall not disqualify or limit the submission of evidence that is admissible according to the aforementioned rules or another law. (b) In this Section and in Section 39A, "law" includes a decided ruling.” (2) In Clause F – (a) The following shall be added after Section 41: “Copy of institutional record


document_id: computer-law-1995
provision_ref: sec41A
chapter: Chapter Four: Legislative Amendments
section: 41A
content:
41A. The content of an institutional record can be proven by a photocopy of the record. Status of output


document_id: computer-law-1995
provision_ref: sec41B
chapter: Chapter Four: Legislative Amendments
section: 41B
content:
41B. For the purpose of this Clause, output that is an institutional record will not be considered a copy of the document from which it was produced, but as the original.” (b) In Section 42, the words “this article” shall replace “Section 41”, and “this Section” shall replace “the aforesaid Section”. Clause B: Laws of Search and Seizure Amendment to the Criminal Procedure (Arrest and Search) Ordinance – No. 6


document_id: computer-law-1995
provision_ref: sec11
chapter: Chapter Four: Legislative Amendments
section: 11
content:
11. In the Criminal Procedure (Arrest and Search) Ordinance [New Version], 5729 – 1969 (1) In Section 1 – (a) In the definition “object”, the words “computer material or animal” shall replace “or animal”. (b) The following shall be inserted after the definition of “object”: “Computer”, “computer material” and “output” as defined in the Computers Law, 5755 – 1995”. (2) The following shall be added after Section 23: “Penetration into computer material


document_id: computer-law-1995
provision_ref: sec23A
chapter: Chapter Four: Legislative Amendments
section: 23A
content:
23A. (a) Penetration into computer material and production of output in the course of such penetration shall be considered as a search and shall be performed by an official who is trained to carry out such actions; for this purpose, “penetration into computer material” - as it defined under Section 4 of the Computers Law, 5755 – 1995. (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of this Chapter, a search as aforesaid in Subsection (a) shall not be conducted, unless by an warrant of a judge under Section 23, which explicitly specifies the permission to penetrate into computer material or to produce output, as the case may be, and the conditions for the search and its purposes. (c) Receiving information from communication between computers incidental to a search under this Section will not be considered eavesdropping under the Eavesdropping Law, 5729 – 1979.” (3) In Section 32 – (a) Subsection (b) shall be marked (c), and in it, the words “this section” shall replace “subsection (a)”; (b) The following shall be inserted after Subsection (a): “(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of this Chapter, a computer or an object that embodies computer material shall not be seized if it is found in the use of an institution as defined in Section 35 of the Evidence Ordinance [New Version], 5731 – 1971, other than by a court warrant; a warrant that has been issued not in the presence of the possessor of the computer or the object that embodies computer material, shall be given for a period that does not exceed 48 hours; for this purpose, the Sabbath and holidays shall not be considered; a Court may extend the order after giving the possessor an opportunity to be heard.” Promulgating Regulations


document_id: computer-law-1995
provision_ref: sec12
chapter: Chapter Five: Regulations
section: 12
content:
12. The Minister of Justice is charged with the implementation of this Law and may, with the approval of the Constitution, Law and Justice Committee of the Knesset, promulgate regulations as to any matter relating to its implementation. Commencement


document_id: computer-law-1995
provision_ref: sec13
chapter: Chapter Five: Regulations
section: 13
content:
13. This Law shall come into force three months from the date of its publication. Yitzhak Rabin David Libai Prime Minister Minister of Justice Ezer Weizman Shevach Weiss President of the State Speaker of the Knesset


document_id: consumer-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. In this Law: "consumer" - a person who purchases or receives a product or service from a dealer; "dealer" - a person who sells or provides a product or service in the course of business; "product" - movable property and immovable property, including rights.


document_id: consumer-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: Misleading Conduct
content:
Section 2. No dealer shall, by act or omission, by oral or written statement, or in any other manner, mislead a consumer in any material matter relating to a transaction.


document_id: consumer-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec4
section: 4
title: Disclosure Requirements
content:
Section 4. A dealer shall disclose to a consumer, before a transaction, all material information regarding the product or service, including its essential characteristics, price, warranty, and any known defects.


document_id: consumer-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec14A
section: 14A
title: Distance Selling Cancellation
content:
Section 14A. (a) A consumer who has entered into a transaction by distance selling (including internet, telephone, or mail order) may cancel the transaction within 14 days of receipt of the product or the making of the contract, whichever is later. (b) In case of cancellation, the dealer shall refund the payment within 14 days.


document_id: consumer-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec18
section: 18
title: Unfair Contract Terms
content:
Section 18. A court may declare void or modify a contract term that is unfair or unconscionable, taking into account the circumstances of the transaction and the relative bargaining power of the parties.


document_id: consumer-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec31
section: 31
title: Class Actions
content:
Section 31. A consumer may bring a class action on behalf of a group of consumers who have been similarly affected by a dealer's violation of this Law.


document_id: contracts-general-part-law-1973
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Formation of Contract
content:
Section 1. A contract is formed by an offer made by one person to another and acceptance of the offer by the offeree.


document_id: contracts-general-part-law-1973
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: Offer
content:
Section 2. An offer to enter into a contract is a proposal made by one person to another expressing willingness to enter into a contract on specified terms.


document_id: contracts-general-part-law-1973
provision_ref: sec12
section: 12
title: Good Faith
content:
Section 12. (a) In negotiating a contract, each party shall act in good faith and in a customary manner. (b) A party who does not act in good faith is liable for damage caused to the other party through reliance on the negotiation.


document_id: contracts-general-part-law-1973
provision_ref: sec14
section: 14
title: Mistake
content:
Section 14. (a) A contract made as a result of a mistake may be voidable if the mistake was material and the other party knew or should have known of the mistake. (b) A contract made as a result of a fundamental mistake, shared by both parties, may be void.


document_id: contracts-general-part-law-1973
provision_ref: sec25
section: 25
title: Interpretation
content:
Section 25. A contract shall be interpreted according to the intention of the parties as evident from the contract, read as a whole, and in the light of the surrounding circumstances.


document_id: contracts-general-part-law-1973
provision_ref: sec39
section: 39
title: Performance in Good Faith
content:
Section 39. In performing a contractual obligation and exercising a contractual right, each party shall act in good faith and in a customary manner.


document_id: copyright-law-2007
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. In this Law: "work" - a literary work, artistic work, dramatic work, or musical work; "literary work" includes a computer program and a compilation of data (database); "copyright" - the exclusive right to perform the acts specified in Section 11 in respect of a work.


document_id: copyright-law-2007
provision_ref: sec11
section: 11
title: Exclusive Rights
content:
Section 11. The owner of a copyright in a work has the exclusive right to: (1) reproduce the work; (2) publish the work; (3) perform the work in public; (4) broadcast the work; (5) make the work available to the public; (6) make an adaptation of the work; (7) rent a copy of the work (for sound recordings and computer programs).


document_id: copyright-law-2007
provision_ref: sec19
section: 19
title: Fair Use
content:
Section 19. (a) Fair use of a work is permitted for purposes such as: private study, research, criticism, review, reporting, quotation, or instruction and examination by an educational institution. (b) In determining whether a use is fair, the following factors shall be considered: (1) the purpose and character of the use; (2) the character of the work used; (3) the extent of the use; (4) the effect on the market value of the work.


document_id: copyright-law-2007
provision_ref: sec50
section: 50
title: Technological Protection Measures
content:
Section 50. No person shall circumvent a technological measure that effectively controls access to a copyrighted work or prevents the exercise of an act that constitutes an infringement of copyright. A person who circumvents such measures is liable as if he had infringed the copyright.


document_id: copyright-law-2007
provision_ref: sec53
section: 53
title: ISP Liability
content:
Section 53. An internet service provider shall not be liable for copyright infringement committed by a user of its service if the provider: (a) did not know of the infringing activity; (b) upon receiving notice, acted expeditiously to remove or disable access to the infringing material.


document_id: courts-law-1984
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Court System
content:
Section 1. The courts in Israel are: (1) the Magistrate's Court; (2) the District Court; (3) the Supreme Court.


document_id: courts-law-1984
provision_ref: sec51
section: 51
title: Magistrate's Court Jurisdiction
content:
Section 51. A Magistrate's Court has jurisdiction in civil claims not exceeding 2,500,000 NIS and in criminal offenses punishable by up to 7 years imprisonment.


document_id: courts-law-1984
provision_ref: sec40
section: 40
title: District Court Jurisdiction
content:
Section 40. The District Court has jurisdiction as a court of first instance in civil claims exceeding the monetary jurisdiction of the Magistrate's Court, in administrative petitions, and as an appellate court for decisions of the Magistrate's Court.


document_id: courts-law-1984
provision_ref: sec26
section: 26
title: Supreme Court
content:
Section 26. The Supreme Court sits as a court of appeal from the District Court and, sitting as the High Court of Justice, has jurisdiction to issue orders to state authorities and public bodies.


document_id: credit-data-law-2002
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Purpose
content:
Section 1. Purpose. The purpose of this Law is to promote fair and efficient provision of credit while protecting the privacy of individuals in respect of information about their credit.


document_id: credit-data-law-2002
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: Definitions
content:
Section 2. Definitions. In this Law: "credit data" - data on the financial conduct of a person, including data about credit or financial obligations, debts, payment history, legal proceedings in connection with debts, bankruptcies, and restrictions on bank accounts; "credit bureau" - a body that collects, processes, and provides credit data; "credit report" - a report prepared by a credit bureau on the basis of credit data.


document_id: credit-data-law-2002
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: Credit Data System
content:
Section 3. Credit Data System. (a) The Bank of Israel shall operate a credit data system for the purpose of collecting and providing credit data. (b) The credit data system shall contain data provided by credit providers, enforcement authorities, and other sources as prescribed by law.


document_id: credit-data-law-2002
provision_ref: sec7
section: 7
title: Right of Access
content:
Section 7. Right of Access. (a) Every person has the right to access the credit data held about him by a credit bureau. (b) A credit bureau shall provide a person with a copy of his credit report within 14 days of the request. (c) One credit report per year shall be provided free of charge.


document_id: credit-data-law-2002
provision_ref: sec8
section: 8
title: Right of Correction
content:
Section 8. Right of Correction. (a) A person who finds that credit data held about him is inaccurate, incomplete, or misleading may request the credit bureau to correct the data. (b) The credit bureau shall investigate the request and, if the data is found to be inaccurate, correct it within 30 days.


document_id: credit-data-law-2002
provision_ref: sec15
section: 15
title: Data Retention
content:
Section 15. Data Retention. (a) Credit data shall not be retained for more than 7 years from the date of the relevant event. (b) Data regarding debts that have been fully repaid shall not be retained for more than 3 years from the date of full repayment.


document_id: criminal-procedure-law-1982
provision_ref: sec23
section: 23
title: Search and Seizure
content:
Section 23. A court may issue a search warrant authorizing a police officer to enter premises and search for and seize evidence of an offense, including electronic devices and digital storage media.


document_id: criminal-procedure-law-1982
provision_ref: sec43
section: 43
title: Arrest
content:
Section 43. A police officer may arrest a person without a warrant if the officer has reasonable grounds to believe that the person has committed or is about to commit an offense.


document_id: criminal-procedure-law-1982
provision_ref: sec60A
section: 60A
title: Plea Bargain
content:
Section 60A. The prosecution and the accused may reach a plea agreement regarding the charges, the facts, and the punishment, subject to the approval of the court.


document_id: criminal-procedure-law-1982
provision_ref: sec74
section: 74
title: Disclosure of Evidence
content:
Section 74. The prosecution shall disclose to the defense all evidence in its possession that is relevant to the case, including evidence favorable to the accused.


document_id: cyber-defense-law-2016
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Scope
content:
Section 1. This Directive applies to public bodies designated by the National Cyber Directorate as requiring cyber defense measures, including government ministries, critical infrastructure operators, and other designated organizations.


document_id: cyber-defense-law-2016
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: Cyber Risk Assessment
content:
Section 2. Each designated body shall conduct a comprehensive cyber risk assessment at least annually, identifying threats, vulnerabilities, and potential impacts to its information systems and operational technology.


document_id: cyber-defense-law-2016
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: Security Controls
content:
Section 3. Designated bodies shall implement security controls based on the risk assessment, including: (a) access controls and identity management; (b) network security and segmentation; (c) endpoint protection; (d) data encryption in transit and at rest; (e) security monitoring and logging; (f) vulnerability management and patching.


document_id: cyber-defense-law-2016
provision_ref: sec4
section: 4
title: Incident Reporting
content:
Section 4. Designated bodies shall report significant cyber incidents to the National Cyber Directorate within 24 hours of detection. The report shall include the nature of the incident, systems affected, data compromised, and remediation actions taken.


document_id: cyber-defense-law-2016
provision_ref: sec5
section: 5
title: CISO Appointment
content:
Section 5. Each designated body shall appoint a Chief Information Security Officer (CISO) responsible for implementing and overseeing the cyber defense program.


document_id: cyber-defense-law-2016
provision_ref: sec6
section: 6
title: Annual Audit
content:
Section 6. Designated bodies shall undergo an annual cyber security audit conducted by a qualified external auditor, with results reported to the National Cyber Directorate.


document_id: data-security-regulations-2017
provision_ref: reg1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Regulation 1. Definitions. In these Regulations: "database security level" - the security classification of a database as basic, medium, high, or critical, determined by the type and volume of data and the number of persons authorized to access it; "security incident" - an event in which there is a reasonable concern that database information has been exposed, used, or changed without authorization, or that the integrity or availability of the database has been compromised; "security officer" - a person appointed under Section 17B of the Privacy Protection Law to be responsible for information security.


document_id: data-security-regulations-2017
provision_ref: reg2
section: 2
title: Database Security Levels
content:
Regulation 2. Database Security Levels. (a) A database managed by a person who employs fewer than 10 employees, contains no sensitive information, and is not managed by a public body shall be classified as basic security level. (b) A database that does not meet the criteria for basic level and is not classified as high or critical level shall be classified as medium security level. (c) A database shall be classified as high security level if it contains sensitive information about more than 100,000 data subjects, or is managed by a public body that contains sensitive information. (d) A database shall be classified as critical security level if it contains information about more than 1,000,000 data subjects and if data leakage could endanger the physical safety or health of data subjects.


document_id: data-security-regulations-2017
provision_ref: reg3
section: 3
title: Security Procedures Document
content:
Regulation 3. Security Procedures Document. (a) The database owner shall prepare a document defining the security procedures for the database (hereinafter: "security procedures document"). (b) The security procedures document shall include: (1) a description of the database, its purposes, and the types of information it contains; (2) a description of the physical and logical environment of the database; (3) a list of persons authorized to access the database, specifying the type and scope of authorization for each; (4) the risks to the database and the measures taken to address them; (5) the types of security incidents that may occur and the measures for handling them.


document_id: data-security-regulations-2017
provision_ref: reg4
section: 4
title: Access Control
content:
Regulation 4. Access Control. (a) The database owner shall define for each authorized person the scope of their authorization and the type of actions they are permitted to perform. (b) Authorization to access the database shall be granted only to persons for whom such access is necessary for the performance of their duties. (c) The database owner shall employ means to prevent unauthorized access to the database.


document_id: data-security-regulations-2017
provision_ref: reg5
section: 5
title: Physical Security
content:
Regulation 5. Physical Security. The database owner shall employ physical means to protect the database infrastructure and the information stored therein from unauthorized access, damage, or destruction.


document_id: data-security-regulations-2017
provision_ref: reg6
section: 6
title: Communication Security
content:
Regulation 6. Communication Security. (a) The database owner shall employ means to protect information transmitted electronically from the database against unauthorized access. (b) A database at high or critical security level shall employ encryption for electronic transmission of information outside the organization.


document_id: data-security-regulations-2017
provision_ref: reg7
section: 7
title: Monitoring and Logging
content:
Regulation 7. Monitoring and Logging. (a) The database owner shall maintain a log documenting access to the database, including the identity of the person accessing, the date and time of access, and the actions performed. (b) The log shall be maintained for a period of not less than 24 months for databases at medium security level, and not less than 5 years for databases at high or critical security level.


document_id: data-security-regulations-2017
provision_ref: reg8
section: 8
title: Security Incidents
content:
Regulation 8. Security Incidents. (a) The database owner shall establish procedures for identifying and handling security incidents. (b) When a severe security incident occurs in a database at high or critical security level, the database owner shall report the incident to the Registrar immediately. (c) The database owner shall document each security incident, the measures taken to address it, and actions taken to prevent recurrence.


document_id: data-security-regulations-2017
provision_ref: reg9
section: 9
title: Annual Security Audit
content:
Regulation 9. Annual Security Audit. (a) The database owner shall conduct a periodic examination of compliance with these Regulations and with the security procedures document. (b) For databases at high or critical security level, the examination shall be conducted at least once every 18 months by a qualified external auditor.


document_id: data-security-regulations-2017
provision_ref: reg10
section: 10
title: Outsourced Processing
content:
Regulation 10. Outsourced Processing. (a) Where the database owner engages a third party to process information in the database, the database owner shall enter into a written agreement with that third party specifying: (1) the types of information to be processed; (2) the security measures to be employed; (3) the obligation to return or destroy the information upon termination of the engagement. (b) The database owner shall verify that the third party complies with the security requirements applicable to the database.


document_id: data-security-regulations-2017
provision_ref: reg11
section: 11
title: Transition and Implementation
content:
Regulation 11. Transition and Implementation. (a) These Regulations shall come into force on 8 May 2018. (b) With respect to databases existing on the date these Regulations come into force, the database owner shall comply with these Regulations within 12 months of the date they come into force.


document_id: database-registration-regulations-1986
provision_ref: reg1
section: 1
title: Registration Requirement
content:
Regulation 1. Every database owner required to register under Section 8 of the Privacy Protection Law shall submit a registration application to the Registrar of Databases.


document_id: database-registration-regulations-1986
provision_ref: reg2
section: 2
title: Registration Details
content:
Regulation 2. The registration application shall include: (a) the name and address of the database owner; (b) the purpose of the database; (c) the types of information stored; (d) the categories of data subjects; (e) the persons to whom information from the database may be transferred; (f) a description of security measures.


document_id: database-registration-regulations-1986
provision_ref: reg3
section: 3
title: Changes
content:
Regulation 3. A database owner shall notify the Registrar of any material change in the particulars registered within 30 days of the change.


document_id: database-registration-regulations-1986
provision_ref: reg6
section: 6
title: Public Register
content:
Regulation 6. The Registrar shall maintain a public register of databases. Any person may inspect the register and obtain information regarding registered databases.


document_id: defense-service-law-1986
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Duty of Service
content:
Section 1. Every Israeli citizen and permanent resident who has reached the age of 18 and has not been exempted or deferred is liable for defense service.


document_id: defense-service-law-1986
provision_ref: sec13
section: 13
title: Exemptions
content:
Section 13. The Minister of Defense may exempt from service persons who are medically unfit, persons who serve in other security forces, and other categories prescribed by law.


document_id: defense-service-law-1986
provision_ref: sec20
section: 20
title: Reserve Service
content:
Section 20. A person who has completed regular service is liable for reserve service until the age prescribed by law. Reserve service shall not exceed the maximum number of days prescribed per year.


document_id: defense-service-law-1986
provision_ref: sec46
section: 46
title: Confidentiality
content:
Section 46. Information obtained in the course of defense service regarding military matters, security matters, or personal information of service members shall be treated as confidential.


document_id: economic-competition-law-1988
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. In this Law: "restrictive arrangement" - an arrangement between business competitors that restricts competition; "monopoly" - a person who supplies or acquires more than 50% of the total supply or acquisition of a particular asset or service; "Competition Authority" - the authority established under this Law.


document_id: economic-competition-law-1988
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: Prohibited Arrangements
content:
Section 2. (a) Parties to a restrictive arrangement shall not conduct business in accordance with the arrangement, unless the arrangement has been exempted or approved by the Competition Tribunal. (b) A restrictive arrangement includes: price-fixing, market allocation, bid rigging, output limitation, and resale price maintenance.


document_id: economic-competition-law-1988
provision_ref: sec26
section: 26
title: Abuse of Dominant Position
content:
Section 26. A monopolist shall not abuse its position to reduce competition or harm the public. Abuse includes: charging excessive prices, discriminating between customers, refusing to deal, exclusive dealing, and tying arrangements.


document_id: economic-competition-law-1988
provision_ref: sec17
section: 17
title: Merger Control
content:
Section 17. A proposed merger between companies is subject to the approval of the Commissioner of Competition if the combined turnover of the merging parties exceeds the threshold prescribed by the Minister of Economy.


document_id: economic-competition-law-1988
provision_ref: sec43
section: 43
title: Enforcement
content:
Section 43. The Commissioner may investigate violations of this Law and may impose administrative sanctions, seek injunctions, or refer matters for criminal prosecution.


document_id: electronic-signature-law-2001
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. Definitions. In this Law: "electronic signature" - an electronic creation designed to serve as a signature and attached to or associated with an electronic message; "secure electronic signature" - an electronic signature that satisfies all of the following: (1) it is unique to its signatory; (2) it is capable of identifying the signatory; (3) it was created using means that the signatory can maintain under his sole control; (4) it is linked to the data to which it relates in such a manner that any subsequent change in the data is detectable; "certified electronic signature" - a secure electronic signature that is backed by a valid certificate from a licensed certification authority.


document_id: electronic-signature-law-2001
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: Legal Validity of Electronic Signature
content:
Section 2. Legal Validity of Electronic Signature. (a) A certified electronic signature shall be deemed to have the same legal validity as a handwritten signature. (b) An electronic message to which a certified electronic signature is attached shall be deemed to be a signed document for all purposes under any law. (c) A secure electronic signature that is not certified shall be admissible as evidence of the identity of the signatory and of the signatory's intent to identify with the content of the electronic message.


document_id: electronic-signature-law-2001
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: Presumptions
content:
Section 3. Presumptions. Where a certified electronic signature is attached to an electronic message: (1) the signature shall be presumed to be that of the person named in the certificate as the signatory, unless the contrary is proved; (2) it shall be presumed that the signatory intended to identify with the content of the electronic message, unless the contrary is proved.


document_id: electronic-signature-law-2001
provision_ref: sec4
section: 4
title: Certification Authority
content:
Section 4. Certification Authority. (a) No person shall operate as a certification authority for purposes of issuing certificates for certified electronic signatures unless he is licensed under this Law. (b) The Registrar of Certification Authorities shall be appointed by the Minister of Justice.


document_id: electronic-signature-law-2001
provision_ref: sec5
section: 5
title: Conditions for License
content:
Section 5. Conditions for License. A license to operate as a certification authority shall be granted to an applicant who satisfies the following conditions: (1) he is a corporation registered in Israel; (2) he has adequate technical means and professional staff; (3) he maintains appropriate security measures; (4) he has adequate financial resources; (5) he carries professional liability insurance.


document_id: electronic-signature-law-2001
provision_ref: sec14
section: 14
title: Government Use
content:
Section 14. Government Use. The Minister of Justice may, by regulations, determine that a government agency shall accept electronic messages bearing a certified electronic signature in lieu of documents bearing a handwritten signature.


document_id: emergency-powers-detention-law-1979
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. In this Law: "detention order" - an order issued by the Minister of Defense for the detention of a person; "state of emergency" - a state of emergency declared under the Basic Law: The Government.


document_id: emergency-powers-detention-law-1979
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: Power to Detain
content:
Section 2. During a state of emergency, the Minister of Defense may, by order, detain a person for a period not exceeding 6 months if the Minister has reasonable grounds to believe that the detention is necessary for reasons of state security or public safety.


document_id: emergency-powers-detention-law-1979
provision_ref: sec4
section: 4
title: Judicial Review
content:
Section 4. (a) A person detained under this Law shall be brought before a judge within 48 hours of detention. (b) The judge shall review the detention and may confirm, modify, or cancel the detention order.


document_id: employment-equal-opportunities-law-1988
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: Prohibited Discrimination
content:
Section 2. (a) An employer shall not discriminate among employees or job applicants on the basis of sex, sexual orientation, personal status, pregnancy, fertility treatment, parenthood, age, race, religion, nationality, country of origin, views, political party, or military reserve service.


document_id: employment-equal-opportunities-law-1988
provision_ref: sec7
section: 7
title: Sexual Harassment
content:
Section 7. An employer shall take reasonable measures to prevent sexual harassment and the abuse of authority in the workplace, in accordance with the Prevention of Sexual Harassment Law.


document_id: employment-equal-opportunities-law-1988
provision_ref: sec9
section: 9
title: Remedies
content:
Section 9. A labor court may order compensation of up to 50,000 NIS (without proof of damage) against an employer found to have discriminated in violation of this Law.


document_id: employment-law-1959
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Employment Service
content:
Section 1. There shall be a public employment service that shall assist in matching workers with employers.


document_id: employment-law-1959
provision_ref: sec8
section: 8
title: Private Employment Agencies
content:
Section 8. No person shall operate an employment agency except under a license issued by the Minister of Labor.


document_id: employment-law-1959
provision_ref: sec13
section: 13
title: Anti-Discrimination
content:
Section 13. An employment agency shall not discriminate against any person seeking employment on the basis of race, religion, sex, nationality, country of origin, sexual orientation, political opinion, or personal status.


document_id: encouragement-of-research-law-1984
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Purpose
content:
Section 1. The purpose of this Law is to encourage research, development, and technological innovation in Israeli industry for the purpose of developing the economy, improving the balance of payments, creating employment, and leveraging Israel's scientific and technological capabilities.


document_id: encouragement-of-research-law-1984
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: Innovation Authority
content:
Section 3. The Israel Innovation Authority shall operate programs for the encouragement and support of research and development in Israeli industry.


document_id: encouragement-of-research-law-1984
provision_ref: sec14
section: 14
title: Grant Conditions
content:
Section 14. (a) The Innovation Authority may grant financial assistance for R&D programs that meet the criteria prescribed by the Research Committee. (b) Recipients of grants shall pay royalties to the Authority from the revenues generated by the supported R&D.


document_id: encouragement-of-research-law-1984
provision_ref: sec19
section: 19
title: Transfer of Know-How
content:
Section 19. (a) Know-how developed with funding from the Authority shall not be transferred abroad or to a foreign entity without the approval of the Research Committee. (b) Approval may be conditioned on the payment of increased royalties or other conditions to ensure that the benefits of the R&D remain in Israel.


document_id: encouragement-of-research-law-1984
provision_ref: sec20
section: 20
title: IP Rights
content:
Section 20. Intellectual property rights developed with the assistance of the Authority shall remain with the grant recipient, subject to the restrictions on transfer prescribed by this Law.


document_id: environmental-protection-law-2008
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Purpose
content:
Section 1. The purpose of this Law is to bring about a significant improvement in air quality in Israel by preventing, reducing, and controlling air pollution, for the protection of human health and the environment.


document_id: environmental-protection-law-2008
provision_ref: sec7
section: 7
title: Emission Permit
content:
Section 7. A person who operates a source of air pollution designated by the Minister shall not do so without an emission permit issued under this Law.


document_id: environmental-protection-law-2008
provision_ref: sec11
section: 11
title: Emission Standards
content:
Section 11. The Minister of Environmental Protection shall prescribe emission standards for air pollutants, taking into account the best available technology and international standards.


document_id: environmental-protection-law-2008
provision_ref: sec17
section: 17
title: Monitoring and Reporting
content:
Section 17. A holder of an emission permit shall monitor emissions in accordance with the conditions of the permit and shall report the monitoring results to the Ministry of Environmental Protection.


document_id: evidence-ordinance-1971
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Scope
content:
Section 1. This Ordinance governs the law of evidence in civil and criminal proceedings in Israel, unless otherwise provided by statute.


document_id: evidence-ordinance-1971
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: Competence of Witnesses
content:
Section 3. Every person is competent to testify as a witness unless the court is satisfied that the person is incapable of understanding the duty to tell the truth.


document_id: evidence-ordinance-1971
provision_ref: sec35
section: 35
title: Documentary Evidence
content:
Section 35. A document is admissible in evidence if it is an original or a certified copy, and if its authenticity has been established in accordance with this Ordinance.


document_id: evidence-ordinance-1971
provision_ref: sec36
section: 36
title: Computer Records
content:
Section 36. (a) A printout of data stored in a computer is admissible in evidence if the court is satisfied that the computer was operating properly at the material time and that the data was regularly fed into the computer in the ordinary course of business. (b) Electronic records and computer-generated documents are admissible on the same terms.


document_id: evidence-ordinance-1971
provision_ref: sec54
section: 54
title: Privileged Communications
content:
Section 54. Communications between a person and his or her attorney are privileged and may not be disclosed in evidence without the consent of the client.


document_id: financial-services-regulation-law-2005
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. In this Law: "financial service" - investment advice, investment portfolio management, or investment marketing; "licensee" - a person licensed under this Law to provide financial services.


document_id: financial-services-regulation-law-2005
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: License Requirement
content:
Section 2. No person shall provide a financial service except under a license issued by the Israel Securities Authority.


document_id: financial-services-regulation-law-2005
provision_ref: sec12
section: 12
title: Client Data
content:
Section 12. A licensee shall maintain the confidentiality of client information and financial data and shall not disclose such information except as required for the provision of financial services, with the client's consent, or as required by law.


document_id: financial-services-regulation-law-2005
provision_ref: sec15
section: 15
title: Record Keeping
content:
Section 15. A licensee shall maintain records of all communications, transactions, and client interactions for a period prescribed by regulation.


document_id: freedom-of-information-law-1998
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Right to Information
content:
Section 1. Right to Information. Every Israeli citizen or resident has the right to receive information from a public authority, in accordance with the provisions of this Law.


document_id: freedom-of-information-law-1998
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: Definitions
content:
Section 2. Definitions. In this Law: "public authority" - a Government Ministry, the Knesset, the judiciary, local authorities, statutory corporations, government companies, and other bodies exercising public functions as designated by the Minister of Justice; "information" - any information held by a public authority, whether in writing, recorded, photographed, filmed, or by electronic or optical means.


document_id: freedom-of-information-law-1998
provision_ref: sec7
section: 7
title: Request for Information
content:
Section 7. Request for Information. (a) A request for information shall be submitted in writing to the public authority that holds the information. (b) The request shall specify the information sought. (c) The applicant need not state the reason for the request.


document_id: freedom-of-information-law-1998
provision_ref: sec8
section: 8
title: Duty to Respond
content:
Section 8. Duty to Respond. (a) A public authority shall respond to a request for information within 30 days. (b) The response may be an affirmative or a negative response, or a partial response. (c) If the public authority does not respond within the prescribed period, the request shall be deemed to have been refused.


document_id: freedom-of-information-law-1998
provision_ref: sec9
section: 9
title: Grounds for Refusal
content:
Section 9. Grounds for Refusal. (a) A public authority may refuse a request for information if the information: (1) may harm state security, foreign relations, or public safety; (2) may harm the privacy of a person; (3) is classified as confidential under any law; (4) relates to internal deliberations of the public authority; (5) may prejudice ongoing investigations or legal proceedings; (6) constitutes a trade secret or commercial information whose disclosure may cause economic harm.


document_id: freedom-of-information-law-1998
provision_ref: sec17
section: 17
title: Appeal
content:
Section 17. Appeal. (a) A person whose request for information was refused, or who received a partial response, may appeal to the administrative court within 45 days of the date of the decision.


document_id: genetic-information-law-2000
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Purpose
content:
Section 1. This Law regulates genetic testing, the handling of genetic samples, and the use of genetic information, in order to protect the dignity and privacy of individuals while enabling the use of genetic tests for medical treatment, research, and law enforcement.


document_id: genetic-information-law-2000
provision_ref: sec11
section: 11
title: Prohibition of Genetic Discrimination
content:
Section 11. (a) No insurer shall require a person to undergo a genetic test or to disclose genetic test results as a condition of insurance. (b) An insurer shall not use genetic test results in determining insurance terms.


document_id: genetic-information-law-2000
provision_ref: sec13
section: 13
title: Employment Discrimination
content:
Section 13. An employer shall not require an employee or job applicant to undergo a genetic test or to disclose genetic test results, and shall not use genetic test results in employment decisions.


document_id: genetic-information-law-2000
provision_ref: sec18
section: 18
title: Genetic Database
content:
Section 18. A person who maintains a genetic database shall register the database with the Genetic Information Board and shall comply with security requirements prescribed by the Board for the protection of genetic information.


document_id: genetic-information-law-2000
provision_ref: sec28
section: 28
title: Confidentiality
content:
Section 28. Genetic information is confidential. No person shall disclose genetic information except with the consent of the person to whom the information relates, for the purpose of medical treatment, or as required by law.


document_id: government-companies-law-1975
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. In this Law: "government company" - a company in which more than half of the voting power or the right to appoint more than half of the directors is held, directly or indirectly, by the Government or by a government company; "Government Companies Authority" - the authority established under this Law to supervise government companies.


document_id: government-companies-law-1975
provision_ref: sec4
section: 4
title: Application
content:
Section 4. The Companies Law applies to government companies subject to the modifications prescribed by this Law.


document_id: government-companies-law-1975
provision_ref: sec18A
section: 18A
title: Disclosure
content:
Section 18A. Government companies shall disclose to the Government Companies Authority and to the public information regarding their operations, financial condition, and material decisions, including information relating to information security and data protection.


document_id: government-companies-law-1975
provision_ref: sec32
section: 32
title: Audit
content:
Section 32. Government companies are subject to audit by the State Comptroller and shall cooperate fully with audit proceedings.


document_id: hazardous-substances-law-1993
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. In this Law: "hazardous substance" - a substance listed in the First Schedule to this Law, or any substance that may endanger human health, public safety, or the environment; "toxin license" - a license to handle hazardous substances issued under this Law.


document_id: hazardous-substances-law-1993
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: License Requirement
content:
Section 3. No person shall produce, import, store, transport, sell, or otherwise deal in a hazardous substance except under a toxin license issued by the Minister of Environmental Protection.


document_id: hazardous-substances-law-1993
provision_ref: sec8
section: 8
title: Safety Requirements
content:
Section 8. A license holder shall implement safety measures as prescribed by the Minister, including emergency response plans, containment measures, and worker protection.


document_id: hazardous-substances-law-1993
provision_ref: sec15
section: 15
title: Incident Reporting
content:
Section 15. A person who handles hazardous substances shall immediately report to the Ministry of Environmental Protection any incident involving the release of a hazardous substance.


document_id: hours-of-work-and-rest-law-1951
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: Working Day
content:
Section 2. A working day shall not exceed 8 hours, and 7 hours on the day preceding the weekly rest day.


document_id: hours-of-work-and-rest-law-1951
provision_ref: sec5
section: 5
title: Overtime
content:
Section 5. An employer shall not require or permit an employee to work more hours than the hours prescribed in this Law, unless overtime has been authorized by the Minister of Labor.


document_id: hours-of-work-and-rest-law-1951
provision_ref: sec16
section: 16
title: Overtime Compensation
content:
Section 16. For overtime work, an employee shall be entitled to compensation of not less than 125% of the normal hourly wage for the first two overtime hours, and 150% for each additional hour.


document_id: hours-of-work-and-rest-law-1951
provision_ref: sec7
section: 7
title: Weekly Rest
content:
Section 7. Every employee is entitled to a weekly rest period of at least 36 consecutive hours, which shall include the employee's rest day.


document_id: insurance-business-law-1981
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. In this Law: "insurer" - a body corporate licensed to carry on insurance business in Israel; "insurance agent" - a person licensed to arrange insurance contracts on behalf of an insurer or insured; "Commissioner" - the Commissioner of Insurance appointed under this Law.


document_id: insurance-business-law-1981
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: License Requirement
content:
Section 2. No person shall carry on insurance business in Israel except under a license issued by the Commissioner.


document_id: insurance-business-law-1981
provision_ref: sec15
section: 15
title: Policyholder Data Protection
content:
Section 15. An insurer shall maintain the confidentiality of policyholder information and shall not disclose or use such information except as required for the provision of insurance services, with the policyholder's consent, or as required by law.


document_id: insurance-business-law-1981
provision_ref: sec30
section: 30
title: Solvency Requirements
content:
Section 30. An insurer shall maintain a margin of solvency as prescribed by the Commissioner, including adequate technical reserves, reinsurance arrangements, and capital buffers.


document_id: insurance-business-law-1981
provision_ref: sec40
section: 40
title: Information Security
content:
Section 40. An insurer shall implement information security measures to protect policyholder data, claims information, and other sensitive business information from unauthorized access, use, or disclosure.


document_id: national-health-insurance-law-1994
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: Membership
content:
Section 3. Every resident shall be registered as a member of a health fund (kupat holim) of his or her choice.


document_id: national-health-insurance-law-1994
provision_ref: sec7
section: 7
title: Basket of Services
content:
Section 7. The health services to which an insured person is entitled are detailed in the Second Schedule to this Law (the "health basket"). The basket is updated annually by the Health Basket Committee.


document_id: national-health-insurance-law-1994
provision_ref: sec20
section: 20
title: Health Data
content:
Section 20. Health funds shall maintain medical databases for the purpose of providing health services. The collection, use, and transfer of health data shall be subject to the Privacy Protection Law and regulations made thereunder.


document_id: national-health-insurance-law-1994
provision_ref: sec30
section: 30
title: Supervision
content:
Section 30. The Ministry of Health shall supervise the health funds and ensure compliance with this Law, including the protection of patient data and health information systems security.


document_id: patent-law-1967
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. In this Law: "invention" - a product, including a microbiological product, or a process in any field of technology, which is new, involves an inventive step, and is industrially applicable; "patent" - a patent granted under this Law.


document_id: patent-law-1967
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: Patentable Inventions
content:
Section 3. An invention is patentable if it is new, involves an inventive step, and is capable of industrial application.


document_id: patent-law-1967
provision_ref: sec4
section: 4
title: Novelty
content:
Section 4. An invention is considered new if it was not known to the public in Israel or elsewhere before the date of the patent application, whether by written or oral publication, by use, or in any other manner.


document_id: patent-law-1967
provision_ref: sec49
section: 49
title: Rights Conferred by Patent
content:
Section 49. A patent holder has the exclusive right to exploit the patented invention, including the right to manufacture, use, offer for sale, sell, or import the patented product or process.


document_id: patent-law-1967
provision_ref: sec117
section: 117
title: Compulsory License
content:
Section 117. The Patent Registrar may grant a compulsory license for the exploitation of a patented invention if: (a) three years have elapsed since the grant of the patent and the patent is not being exploited in Israel to a reasonable extent; (b) the grant of a compulsory license is necessary for the public interest.


document_id: patients-rights-law-1996
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Purpose
content:
Section 1. The purpose of this Law is to establish the rights of patients receiving medical treatment while preserving their human dignity.


document_id: patients-rights-law-1996
provision_ref: sec4
section: 4
title: Right to Treatment
content:
Section 4. Every person in a medical emergency is entitled to receive medical treatment without preconditions.


document_id: patients-rights-law-1996
provision_ref: sec13
section: 13
title: Informed Consent
content:
Section 13. No medical treatment shall be given to a patient unless the patient has given informed consent. The physician shall provide the patient with medical information regarding the nature of the treatment, its risks and benefits, and alternatives.


document_id: patients-rights-law-1996
provision_ref: sec17
section: 17
title: Privacy of Medical Records
content:
Section 17. (a) Medical information regarding a patient is confidential. (b) A medical institution shall not disclose medical information except with the patient's consent, for the purpose of treatment, as required by law, or as authorized by a court. (c) Medical records shall be maintained securely.


document_id: patients-rights-law-1996
provision_ref: sec18
section: 18
title: Access to Medical Records
content:
Section 18. A patient is entitled to access his or her medical records and to receive a copy thereof.


document_id: patients-rights-law-1996
provision_ref: sec19
section: 19
title: Data Security
content:
Section 19. A medical institution shall take all reasonable measures to ensure the security and integrity of medical records, including electronic records, from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, or alteration.


document_id: penal-law-1977
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Application
content:
Section 1. This Law applies to offenses committed in Israel. It also applies to offenses committed abroad in certain circumstances prescribed by this Law.


document_id: penal-law-1977
provision_ref: sec34
section: 34
title: Mens Rea
content:
Section 34. Criminal liability requires a criminal state of mind (mens rea) comprising intention, recklessness, or negligence, as defined in respect of each offense.


document_id: penal-law-1977
provision_ref: sec244
section: 244
title: Fraud
content:
Section 244. A person who obtains a thing by fraud, deceit, or false pretenses is liable to imprisonment of 3 years. If the offense is committed in aggravating circumstances, the penalty is 5 years imprisonment.


document_id: penal-law-1977
provision_ref: sec415
section: 415
title: Theft
content:
Section 415. A person who takes and carries away any property of another without the other's consent, with the intention of permanently depriving the other of the property, commits theft.


document_id: penal-law-1977
provision_ref: sec418
section: 418
title: Forgery
content:
Section 418. A person who makes a false document with the intention that it be used as genuine commits forgery. The penalty for forgery is imprisonment of 1 to 7 years depending on the type of document.


document_id: penal-law-1977
provision_ref: sec496
section: 496
title: Invasion of Privacy (Criminal)
content:
Section 496. A person who invades the privacy of another by any of the means specified in the Privacy Protection Law commits a criminal offense punishable by imprisonment of 5 years.


document_id: planning-and-building-law-1965
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. In this Law: "building" - any construction, including erection, alteration, extension, or demolition of a structure; "planning institution" - the National Planning Council, a district planning committee, or a local planning committee.


document_id: planning-and-building-law-1965
provision_ref: sec145
section: 145
title: Building Permit Requirement
content:
Section 145. No person shall carry out building or use land unless a building permit has been issued by the relevant local planning committee.


document_id: planning-and-building-law-1965
provision_ref: sec157
section: 157
title: National Infrastructure
content:
Section 157. The National Planning Council may approve national infrastructure plans that override local and district plans, including plans for telecommunications infrastructure, energy facilities, and defense installations.


document_id: planning-and-building-law-1965
provision_ref: sec204
section: 204
title: Enforcement
content:
Section 204. A planning authority may issue a stop-work order or demolition order in respect of unauthorized building or land use in violation of this Law or a planning scheme.


document_id: postal-law-1986
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. In this Law: "postal services" - the collection, sorting, transport, and delivery of letters, parcels, and other postal items; "postal item" - any letter, parcel, or other object sent through the postal service.


document_id: postal-law-1986
provision_ref: sec37
section: 37
title: Secrecy of Correspondence
content:
Section 37. (a) The Israel Postal Company, its employees and agents shall maintain the secrecy of correspondence and shall not open, examine, or disclose the contents of any postal item except as authorized by law. (b) The secrecy obligation continues after termination of employment.


document_id: postal-law-1986
provision_ref: sec38
section: 38
title: Opening of Mail
content:
Section 38. A postal item may be opened only: (a) with the consent of the sender or addressee; (b) pursuant to a court order; (c) if there is a reasonable suspicion that the item contains a prohibited substance or dangerous material.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec1
chapter: CHAPTER ONE: INFRINGEMENT OF PRIVACY
section: 1
title: Prohibition of infringement of privacy
content:
1. Prohibition of infringement of privacy No person shall infringe the privacy of another without his consent.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec2
chapter: CHAPTER ONE: INFRINGEMENT OF PRIVACY
section: 2
title: What is infringement of privacy
content:
2. What is infringement of privacy Any of the following constitutes an infringement of privacy: (1) Spying on or trailing a person in a manner likely to harass him, or any other harassment; (2) listening in prohibited under any Law; (3) photographing a person while he is in a private domain; (4) publishing a person's photograph under circumstances, in which the publication is likely to humiliate him or to bring him into contempt; (5) copying or using, without permission from the addressee or the writer, the contents of a letter or of any other writing not intended for publication, unless the writing is of historical value or fifteen years have passed since the time when it was written; (6) using a person's name, appellation, picture or voice for profit; (7) infringing an obligation of secrecy laid down by law in respect of a person's private affairs; (8) infringing an obligation of secrecy laid down by explicit or implicit agreement in respect of a person's private affairs; (9) using, or passing on to another, information on a person's private affairs, otherwise than for the purpose for which it was given; (10) publishing or passing on anything that was obtained by way of an infringement of privacy under paragraphs (1) to (7) or (9); (11) publishing any matter that relates to a person's intimate life, state of health or conduct in the private domain.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec3
chapter: CHAPTER ONE: INFRINGEMENT OF PRIVACY
section: 3
title: Definition of terms
content:
3. Definition of terms In this Law "person" does not - for purposes of sections 2,7,13,14 and 25 - include a body corporate; "consent" - explicit or implied consent; "holder, in connection with database" - a person, who has a database in his permanent possession and who is entitled to use it; "publication" has the meaning it has in the Defamation (Prohibition) Law, 5725-1965 "photography" includes filming; "use" includes disclosure, transfer and delivery.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec4
chapter: CHAPTER ONE: INFRINGEMENT OF PRIVACY
section: 4
title: Infringement of privacy - a civil wrong
content:
4. Infringement of privacy - a civil wrong An infringement of privacy is a civil wrong, and the provisions of the Civil Wrongs Ordinance (New Version) shall apply to it, subject to the provisions of this Ordinance.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec5
chapter: CHAPTER ONE: INFRINGEMENT OF PRIVACY
section: 5
title: Infringement of privacy - an offense
content:
5. Infringement of privacy - an offense If a person willfully infringes the privacy of another in any of the ways stated in section 2 (1), (3) to (7) and (9) to (11), then he is liable to five years imprisonment.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec6
chapter: CHAPTER ONE: INFRINGEMENT OF PRIVACY
section: 6
title: Trifling act
content:
6. Trifling act No right to bring a civil or criminal action under this Law shall accrue through an infringement that has no real significance. CHAPTER TWO: PROTCTION OF PRIVACY IN DATA BASE


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec7
chapter: CHAPTER TWO: PROTCTION OF PRIVACY IN DATA BASE
section: 7
title: Definition
content:
7. Definition In this Chapter and in Chapter Four - "data security" - protection of the integrity of data, or protection of the data against exposure, use or copying, all when done without due permission; "data base" - a collection of data, kept by magnetic or optical means and intended for computer processing, exclusive of - (1) a collection for personal use other than for business purposes; or (2) a collection that includes only names, addresses and ways of communicating, which by itself does not create any characterization that infringes on the privacy of the people whose names are included in it, or condition that neither the owner of the collection, nor a body corporate under his control owns an additional collection, "information" - data on the personality, personal status, intimate affairs, state of health, economic position, vocational qualifications, opinions and beliefs of a person, "sensitive information" - (1) data on a person's personality, private family relations, state of health, economic condition, opinions and faith, (2) information which the Minister of Justice - by order with approval by the Knesset Constitution, Law and Justice Committee - designated as sensitive information. "data base manager" - the active manager of the body, which owns or holds a data base, or a person authorized for this person by the aforesaid manager; "Registrar" - a person qualified to be appointed Magistrates Court judge, whom the Government appointed by, notice in Reshumot, to keep the "Register of Data Bases" (hereafter: Register) as said in section 12; "integrity of information" - the identity of data in the data base to the source from which they were derived, without having been changed, delivered or destroyed with due permission. Article One: Data Bases


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec8
chapter: Article One: Data Bases
section: 8
title: Registration and use of data base
content:
8. Registration and use of data base (a) No person shall manage or possess a data base that the must be registered under this section, unless one of the following holds true: (1) the data base was registered in the Register; (2) an application for registration of the data base was submitted and the provisions of section 10 (b1) are complied with, (3) the data base must be registered under subsection (e) and the Registrar's instructions included permission to operate and keep the data until it is registered. (b) No person shall use information in a data that must be registered under this section, except for the purposes for which the data base was set up. (c) The obligation of registration in the Register falls on the owner of the data base, and the owner of the data base must register it if one of the following applies, (1) the data base includes information about more than 10,000 persons; (2) the data base includes sensitive information; (3) the data base includes information about persons and the information was not provided to the data base by them, on their behalf or with their consent; (4) the data base belongs to a public body, within its definition in section 23; (5) the data base is used for direct mail, as said in section 17c. (d) The provision of subsection (c) shall not apply to a data base which only includes information made public by lawful authority, or which was opened to public inspection by lawful authority. (e) The Registrar may, for special reasons which shall be recorded, order hat the obligation to register be in effect for data bases that are exempt of the obligation to register under subsection (c) and (d); a said order shall be served on the owner of the data base, and in it the registrar shall spell out directions for the operation and maintenance of the data base until its registration; the owner of the data base may appeal against a decision of the Registrar under this subsection before the District Court within 30 days after he was served notice of the Registrar's decision.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec9
chapter: Article One: Data Bases
section: 9
title: Application for registration
content:
9. Application for registration (a) An application for registration of a data base shall be submitted to the Registrar. (b) An application for registration of a base shall specify - (1) the identities of the owner of the data base, of the person who holds possession of the data base, and their addresses in Israel; (2) the purposes of setting up the data and the purposes for which the information is intended; (3) the types of information to be included in the data base; (4) particulars on the transfer abroad of information; (5) particulars on the constant receipt of information from a public body, as defined in section 23, the name of the public body that provides the information provided, exclusive of particulars delivered by consent of the persons who are subjects of the information. (c) The Minster may-by regulations - prescribe further particulars to be stated in the application for registration. (d) The owner or possessor of a data base shall notify the Registrar of every change in any of the particulars specified in subsection (b) or prescribed under subsection (c), and of the discontinuation of the operation of the data base.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec10
chapter: Article One: Data Bases
section: 10
title: Power of Registrar
content:
10. Power of Registrar (a) When an application for registration of a data base has been submitted - (1) the Registrar shall register it in the Register within 90 days after the application was submitted to him, unless he has reasonable grounds to assume that the data base is used or is liable to be used for illegal activities or as a cover for them, or that the information included in it was obtained, accrued or was collected in violation of this Law or in violation of the provisions of any enactment. (2) The Registrar may register a purpose different from that specified in the application, register a number of purposes for a data base, of order that several applications be submitted instead of the application that was submitted, all if he concludes that doing so is appropriate to the actual activity of the data base, (3) The Registrar shall refuse to register a data base under paragraph (1) or use his powers under paragraph (2) only after he gave the applicant an opportunity to state his case. (b) The owner of a data base may appeal before the District Court against a decision by the Registrar under subsection (a), within 30 days after he was served notice of the decision. (b1) If the Registrar did not register the data base within 90 days after the day on which the application was submitted and if he did not inform the applicant of his refusal to register, or of a delay in the registration for special reasons which shall be specified in his notice - then the applicant may operate or keep the data base, even if it is not registered. (b2) If the Registrar informed the applicant of his refusal to register the data base, or of a delay as said in subsection (b1), then the applicant must not operate or keep the data base, except when the Court has decided otherwise. (b3) The Registrar shall strike the registration of a data base from the Register, if the owner of the data base informed him that the information in that data base has been deleted and if he supported his notice by affidavit; if the data base was kept by a person different from the owner of the data base, then the notice shall also be supported by an affidavit of the person who kept it. (c) The Registrar shall supervise compliance with the provisions of this Law and of the regulations thereunder. (d) The Minister of Justice shall, by order with approval by the Knesset Constitution, Law and Justice Committee, set up a unit for the supervision of data base, for their registration and for the security of the information in them: the size of the unit shall be according to the needs of supervision. (e) The Registrar shall head the supervision unit and he shall appoint inspectors to carry out the supervision under this Law, only persons with suitable professional training in computers, information security and the use of authorities under this Law shall be appointed inspectors, if the Israel Police expressed no objection to their appointment for reasons of public security. (f) In order to perform his duties, an inspector may - (1) require any concerned person to deliver to him information and documents related to a data base, (2) to enter any place in respect of which it is reasonable to assume that a data base is operated there, to conduct a search there and to seize any object, if he satisfied that it is necessary to do, so in order to assure implementation of this Law and to prevent violation of its provisions: the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Ordinance (Arrest and Searches) (New Version) 5792-1969 shall apply to any object seized under this section: arrangements for entry into a military installation or into an military installation or into an installation of a security authority, within its meaning in section 19(c), shall be prescribed by the Minister of Justice, in consultation with the Minister in charge of the security authority, as the case may be; in this paragraph: "object" includes computer material and output, within their definitions in the Computers Law 5755-1995: (3) notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (2), he shall enter a said place that is used only for residential purposes only under an order from a Magistrates Court judge. Note: The designation of both the preceding and the following subsections as "(f)" is the result of an apparent eitor in the Hebrew original of Amendment No. 4 - Tr. (f) If the possessor or the owner of a data base infringes any provision of this Law or of regulations thereunder, or if he fails to comply with a request made to him by the Registrar, then the Registrar may apply to the District Court fir an order that cancels the registration of the data in the Register or suspends it for a period prescribed by the Court. (g) The Registrar and any person who acts on his behalf shall be treated as State employees.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec10A
chapter: Article One: Data Bases
section: 10A
title: Privacy protection report
content:
10A. Privacy protection report The Privacy Protection Council shall submit to the Knesset Constitution, Law and Justice Committee, not later than April 1 of each year, a report prepared by the Registrar about enforcement and supervision activities during the year that preceded the submission of the report, together with the Council's comments.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec11
chapter: Article One: Data Bases
section: 11
title: Notice to accompany request for information
content:
11. Notice to accompany request for information Any request to a person for information, with the intention to keep and use it in a data base, shall be accompanied by a notice that indicates - (1) whether that person is under a legal obligation to deliver that information, or whether its delivery depends on his volition and consent; (2) the purpose for which the information is requested; (3) to whom the information is to be delivered and for what purpose.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec12
chapter: Article One: Data Bases
section: 12
title: Register of data bases
content:
12. Register of data bases (a) The Registrar shall keep a Register of data bases, which shall be open for inspection by the public. (b) The Register shall include the registration particulars stated in section 9. (c) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (a) and (b), the particulars said in section 9 (b) (3), (4) and (5) shall not be open to inspection by the public for data bases of security authorities.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec13
chapter: Article One: Data Bases
section: 13
title: Right to inspect information
content:
13. Right to inspect information (a) Every person is entitled to inspect - in person, through a representative authorized by him in writing, or through his guardian - any information about him which is kept in a data base. (b) The owner of a data base shall, at the request of a person said in subsection (a) (hereafter: applicant), make it possible to inspect the information in the Hebrew, Arabic or English language. (c) The owner of a data base may refrain from delivering to the applicant information that relates to his state of physical or mental health, if he believes that the information may cause severe harm to the applicant's physical or mental health or endanger his life; in such a case the owner of the data base shall deliver the information to a physician or psychologist on the applicant behalf. (c1) The provisions of this section shall not obligate the owner of a data base to deliver information in violation of its privileged status, as prescribed under any enactment, unless the applicant's is the person for whose benefit the privilege is intended. (d) The manner and conditions in which the right to inspect information can be exercised, and payment therefor shall be prescribed by regulations. (e) The provisions of this section and of section 13A shall not apply - (1) to the data of a security authority, within its meaning in section 19 (c); (1a) to the data base of the Prisons Service; (2) to the data base of a tax authority, within its meaning in the Tax Law Amendment (Exchange of Information Between Tax Authorities) Law 5727 - 1967; (3) when the security or the foreign relations of the State or the provisions of any enactment require that information about any person not be disclosed to him; (4) to the data base of any body, in resect of which the Minister of Justice determined in consultation with the Minister of Defense or the Minister of Foreign Affairs, as the case may be, and with approval by the Knesset Defense and Foreign Affairs Committee - that it includes information which the State's defense or foreign affairs require that it not be disclosed (hereafter' secret information), however, any person who requests to examine the information about himself stored in that data base shall be entitled to examine the information that is not secret information; (5) to a data base about investigation and law enforcement by an authority lawfully authorized to investigate an offense, so determined by the Minister of Justice by order with approval of the Knesset Constitution, Law and Justice Committee.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec13A
chapter: Article One: Data Bases
section: 13A
title: Inspection of material not of the owner of a data base
content:
13A. Inspection of material not of the owner of a data base Without derogating from the provisions of section 13- (1) if the owner of a data base keeps it with another (in this section- possessor) - then he shall refer the applicant to the possessor, stating his address, and he shall instruct the possessor in writing that ha make the inspection possible; (2) if the applicant first applied to the possessor, then the possessor shall inform him whether he holds information about him, and also of the name and address of the owner of the data base. 14 .Amendment of information (a) If, on inspecting information about himself, a person finds that it is not correct, not complete, not clear or not up to date, he may request the owner of the base or - if that owner is foreign resident - its possessor to amend or delete the information. (b) If the owner of a data base agrees to a request under subsection (a), he shall make the necessary changes in the information and he shall communicate it to every person who received the information from him within a period prescribed by regulations. (c) If the owner of a data base refuses to comply with a request under subsection (a), he shall give notice to that effect - in the form and manner prescribed by regulations - to the person who made the request. (d) The possessor must correct information, if the owner of the data base agreed to the requested correction, or if a Court ordered the correction to be made.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec15
chapter: Article One: Data Bases
section: 15
title: Appeal to Court
content:
15. Appeal to Court A person who requested information may - in the form and manner prescribed by regulations - appeal to a Magistrates' Court against a refusal by the owner of a data base to enable him to make inspection under section 13 or section 13A, and against a notice of refusal under section 14(c).


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec16
chapter: Article One: Data Bases
section: 16
title: Secrecy
content:
16. Secrecy No person shall disclose any information obtained by him by virtue of his functions as an employee, manager or possessor of a data base, save for the purpose of performing his work or of implementing this Law or under a Court order in connection with a legal proceeding; if a request has been made before a proceeding was instituted, it shall be heard in a Magistrates' Court; if a person violates the provisions of this section, he shall be liable to five years imprisonment.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec17
chapter: Article One: Data Bases
section: 17
title: Penalty
content:
17. Penalty The owner of a data base, the possessor of a data base and the manager of a data base are each individually responsible for the protection of the information in the data base.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec17A
chapter: Article One: Data Bases
section: 17A
title: Possessor of data bases of different owners
content:
17A. Possessor of data bases of different owners (a) A possessor of data bases of different owners shall make sure that only persons explicitly authorized therefor in a written agreement between him and the owner of that data base be allowed access to each data base. (b) A possessors of at least five data bases that require registration under section 8, shall annually deliver to the Registrar a list of data bases in his possession, standing the names of the owners of the data bases, an affidavit that the persons authorized to have access to each data base have been designated in agreements between him and the owners, and the name of the person in charge of security said in section 17B.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec17B
chapter: Article One: Data Bases
section: 17B
title: Security officer
content:
17B. Security officer (a) The bodies specified below must appoint suitable trained persons to be in charge of information security (hereafter: security officer): (1) a person who holds five data bases that require registration under section 8; (2) a public body, as defined in section 23; (3) banks, insurance companies and companies engaged in ranking or evaluating credit ratings. (b) Without derogating from the provisions of section 17, the security officer shall be responsible for the security of information in data bases kept by the bodies said in subsection (a). (c) A person found guilty of an heinous offense or of an offense against the provisions of this Law shall not be appointed security officer. Article Two: Direct Mail 17C Definitions In this Article - "direct mail" - an individual approach to persons, based on their belonging to a population group determined by one or more characteristics of persons whose names are included in a data base; "approach" - includes in writing, in print, by telephone, by facsimile, by computerized means and by some other means; "direct mail services" - the provision of direct mail services to others by way of transferring lists, adhesive labels or data by any means whatsoever.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec17D
chapter: Article Two: Direct Mail
section: 17D
title: Direct mail
content:
17D. Direct mail No person shall operate or hold a data base used for direct mail services, unless he is registered in the Register, and unless one of his registered purposes is direct mail services.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec17E
chapter: Article Two: Direct Mail
section: 17E
title: Stating source of information
content:
17E. Stating source of information No person shall operate or hold a data base used for direct mail services, unless he has a record stating the source from which he obtained every collection of data used for purposes of the data base and the date of its receipt, as well as the purpose to whom he gave any said collection of data.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec17F
chapter: Article Two: Direct Mail
section: 17F
title: Deletion of information from data base used for direct mail
content:
17F. Deletion of information from data base used for direct mail (a) Every direct mail approach shall include, clearly and prominently - (1) a statement that it is a direct mail approach, also stating the registration number in the data base Register of the data base used for the direct mail services; (2) notice that the recipient of the approach has the right to be deleted from the data base as said in subsection (b), and also whom to address for that purpose; (3) the identity and address of the data base that includes the information according to which the approach was made, and the sources from which the owner of the data base received that information. (b) Every person is entitled to demand - in writing - from the owner of a data base used for direct mail that information related to him be deleted from the data base. (c) Every person is entitled to demand - in writing - from the owner of a data base used for direct mail or from the owner of a data base which includes information on the basis of which the approach was made, that information related to him not be given to any person, to a category of persons or to certain persons, either for a limited period of time o permanently. (d) When a person has informed an owner of a data base of his demand said in subsections (b) or (c), then the owner of the data base shall act in accordance with the demand and shall inform that person, in writing, that he has done so. (e) If the owner of a data did not give notice as said in subsection (d) within 30 days after he received the demand, then the person to whom the information relates may apply to a Magistrates Court in the manner set by regulations that it order the owner of the data base to act as aforesaid. (f) The rights under this section of a deceased person included in a data base shall also be held by his spouse, his child and his parent.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec17G
chapter: Article Two: Direct Mail
section: 17G
title: Applicability to items of knowledge
content:
17G. Applicability to items of knowledge The provisions of this Article shall apply to items of knowledge that relates to a person's private affairs, even if they do not constitute information, to the same extent that they apply to information.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec17H
chapter: Article Two: Direct Mail
section: 17H
title: Not applicable to public body
content:
17H. Not applicable to public body This Article shall not apply a public body, within its meaning in section 23(1), when it performs its tasks under an enactment.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec17I
chapter: Article Two: Direct Mail
section: 17I
title: Saving of enactments
content:
17I. Saving of enactments The provisions of this Article are intended to add to the provisions of any enactment. CHAPTER THREE: DEFENSES


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec18
chapter: CHAPTER THREE: DEFENSES
section: 18
title: Defenses
content:
18. Defenses In any criminal or civil proceeding for infringement of privacy, it shall be a good defense if one of the following is the case: (1) the infringement was committed by way of a publication protected under section 13 of the Defamation (Protection) Law 5725-1965 ; (2) the defendant or accused committed the infringement in good faith in any of the following circumstances; (a) he did not know and need not have known that an infringement of privacy might occur; (b) the infringement was committed under circumstances, under which the infringer was under a legal, moral, social or professional obligation to commit it; (c) the infringement was committed in defense of a legitimate personal interest of the infringer; (d) the infringement was committed in the lawful pursuit of the infringer's occupation and in the ordinary course of his work, as long as it was not committed by way of publication; (e) the infringement was committed by way of taking a photograph in the public domain, or of publishing a photograph taken there, and the injured party appears in it coincidentally; (f) the infringement was committed by way of a publication protected under paragraphs (4) to (11) of section 15 of the Defamation (Prohibition) Law 5725 - 1965; (3) the infringement involved a public interest that justified it under the circumstances of the case, on condition that - if the infringement was committed by way of publication - the publication was not untruthful.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec19
chapter: CHAPTER THREE: DEFENSES
section: 19
title: Exemption
content:
19. Exemption (a) No person shall bear responsibility under this Law for an act which he is empowered to do by Law. (b) A security authority or a person employed by it or acting on its behalf shall bear no responsibility under this Law for an infringement reasonably committed within the scope of their functions and for the purpose of their performance. (c) For purpose of this section, "security authority" - any of the following: (1) the Israel Police; (2) the Intelligence Branch of the General Staff of the Israel Defense Forces, and the Military Police; (3) the General Security Services; (4) the Institute for Intelligence and Special Assignments.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec20
chapter: CHAPTER THREE: DEFENSES
section: 20
title: Onus of proof
content:
20. Onus of proof (a) If an accused or defendant proves that he committed an infringement of privacy under any of the circumstances said in section 18(2) and that it did not exceed the limits reasonable under those circumstances, he shall be presumed to have committed it in good faith. (b) The accused or defendant shall be presumed not to have committed the infringement of privacy in good faith, if - in committing it - he knowingly exceeded what was reasonably necessary for purposes of the matters protected by section 18(12). (c) If an accused person or defendant pleads a defense under section 18(2)(d), he shall be presumed not to have infringed privacy in good faith if he infringed it in violation of the rules or principles of professional ethics that apply to him by Law or which are accepted by the members of the profession to which he belongs.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec21
chapter: CHAPTER THREE: DEFENSES
section: 21
title: Rebuttal of defense pleas
content:
21. Rebuttal of defense pleas If an accused or defendant produces evidence or testifies in person to prove one of the defense pleas provided by this Law, the prosecutor or plaintiff may produce rebutting evidence; this provision shall not derogate from the Court's power under any Law to permit the production of evidence by the parties.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec22
chapter: CHAPTER THREE: DEFENSES
section: 22
title: Mitigating circumstances
content:
22. Mitigating circumstances In passing sentence or awarding compensation, the Court may also take the following into account in favor of the accused or defendant; (1) that the infringement of privacy was merely a repetition of something said before and that he mentioned the source on which he relied; (2) that he did not intend to commit an infringement; (3) if the infringement was committed by way of publication - that ha has apologized and has taken steps to discontinue the sale or distribution of copies of the publication that contains the infringement, provided the apology was published in the same place and in the same dimensions and manner in which the infringing matter had been published, and that it was unqualified. CHAPTER FOUR: DELIVERY OF INFORMATION BY PUBLIC BODIES


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec23
chapter: CHAPTER FOUR: DELIVERY OF INFORMATION BY PUBLIC BODIES
section: 23
title: Definitions
content:
23. Definitions In this Chapter - "public body" - (1) a Government department and other State institution, a local authority and any other body that performs lawful public functions; (2) a body designated by the Minister of Justice, by order with approval by the Knesset Constitution, Law and Judiciary Committee, provided the order specifies the categories of information and of items which the body is entitled to deliver and to receive. (3) Repealed


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec23A
chapter: CHAPTER FOUR: DELIVERY OF INFORMATION BY PUBLIC BODIES
section: 23A
title: Applicability to information
content:
23A. Applicability to information The provisions of this Chapter shall apply even to those items about a person's private affairs which do not constitute information, just as they apply to information.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec23B
chapter: CHAPTER FOUR: DELIVERY OF INFORMATION BY PUBLIC BODIES
section: 23B
title: Must not deliver information
content:
23B. Must not deliver information (a) A public body must not deliver information, unless it is information that has been published under lawful authority, or unless it has been made available for public inspection under lawful authority, or unless the person to whom the information refers agreed to its delivery. (b) The provisions of this section shall not prevent a security authority, as defined in section 19, from accepting or delivering information in the performance of its function, as long as the acceptance or delivery was not forbidden by legislation.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec23C
chapter: CHAPTER FOUR: DELIVERY OF INFORMATION BY PUBLIC BODIES
section: 23C
title: Limitation on prohibition
content:
23C. Limitation on prohibition Notwithstanding the provisions of section 23B, delivery of information shall be permitted - if it is not prohibited by legislation or by professional ethics - (1) between public bodies, when one of the following holds true: (a) delivery of the information is part of the authority or of the functions of whoever delivers the information and it is required in order to implement legislation or for a purpose within the authority or the function of whoever delivers or receives the information; (b) the information is delivered to a public body which is entitled to demand the information lawfully from any other source; (2) from a public body to a Government department or to another State institution, or between aforesaid departments or institutions, if delivery of the information is required for the implementation of any legislation or for a purpose within the authority or within the scope of activity of whoever delivers or receives the information; however, information provided on condition that it not be delivered to others shall not be delivered as aforesaid.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec23D
chapter: CHAPTER FOUR: DELIVERY OF INFORMATION BY PUBLIC BODIES
section: 23D
title: Obligations of public body
content:
23D. Obligations of public body (a) If a public body regularly delivers information in accordance with section 23C, then it shall specify that fact on all its lawful requests for information. (b) If a public body delivers information in accordance with section 23C, then it shall keep a record of the information delivered. (c) If a public body regularly receives information in accordance with section 23C and stores that information in a data base, then it shall so inform the Registrar, and that information shall be included in the list of data bases under section 12. (d) If a public body received information in accordance with section 23C, then it shall use it only within the framework of its authority and functions. (e) In connection with the obligation, under any Law, to maintain confidentiality, information delivered to a public body under this Law shall be treated like any information obtained by that body from any other source, and all the rules applicable to the body that delivered the information shall also apply to the body that receives it.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec23E
chapter: CHAPTER FOUR: DELIVERY OF INFORMATION BY PUBLIC BODIES
section: 23E
title: Surplus information
content:
23E. Surplus information (a) If information which may be delivered under sections 23B or 23C is located in a single file, together with other information (hereafter: surplus information), then the body that delivers the information may deliver the requested information to the recipient body together with the surplus information. (b) The delivery of surplus information under subsection (a) shall be conditional upon the establishment of procedures that will prevent any use at all being made of the surplus information received; the said procedures shall be prescribed by regulations and - as long as they have not been prescribed by regulations - the body that requests the aforesaid information shall specify procedures in writing and it shall deliver a copy of them to the body that delivers information, on its request.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec23F
chapter: CHAPTER FOUR: DELIVERY OF INFORMATION BY PUBLIC BODIES
section: 23F
title: Permitted delivery does not infringe privacy
content:
23F. Permitted delivery does not infringe privacy A delivery of information, which is permitted under this Law, shall not constitute an infringement of privacy, and the provisions of sections 2 and 8 shall not apply to it.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec23G
chapter: CHAPTER FOUR: DELIVERY OF INFORMATION BY PUBLIC BODIES
section: 23G
title: Regulations on delivery of information
content:
23G. Regulations on delivery of information The Minister of Justice may, with approval by the Knesset Constitution, Law and Justice Committee, make regulations on ways of the delivery of information by public bodies. 23H. Repealed CHAPTER FIVE: MISCELLANEOUS


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec25
chapter: CHAPTER FIVE: MISCELLANEOUS
section: 25
title: Death of injured party
content:
25. Death of injured party (a) If a person, whose privacy was infringed, dies within six months after the infringement without having filed an action or complaint in respect thereof, then his spouse, child or parent, or - if he left no spouse, child or parent - his brother or sister may file an action or complaint in respect of that infringement within six months after his death. (b) If a person, who filed an action or complaint in respect of an infringement of privacy, dies before the proceeding is concluded, then his spouse, child or parent or - if he left no spouse, child or parent - his brother or sister may, within six months after his death, notify the Court that they wish to proceed with the action or complaint, and upon that notification they shall take the place of the plaintiff or complainant.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec27
chapter: CHAPTER FIVE: MISCELLANEOUS
section: 27
title: Applicability of certain provisions of the Defamation (Prohibition) Law
content:
27. Applicability of certain provisions of the Defamation (Prohibition) Law The provisions of sections 21,23 and 24 of the Defamation (Prohibition) Law 5725 - 1965, shall apply, mutatis mutandis, to legal proceeding for infringement of privacy.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec28
chapter: CHAPTER FIVE: MISCELLANEOUS
section: 28
title: Evidence of a person's bad reputation, character or past
content:
28. Evidence of a person's bad reputation, character or past In a criminal or civil proceeding for infringement of privacy, no evidence shall be produced, and no witness shall be examined on the bad reputation or on the character, past, activities or options of the injured party.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec29
chapter: CHAPTER FIVE: MISCELLANEOUS
section: 29
title: Additional orders
content:
29. Additional orders (a) In a criminal or civil proceeding for infringement of privacy, the Court may order, in addition to any penalty and other relief - (1) that distribution of copies of the infringing matter be prohibited or that they be confiscated; a confiscation order under this paragraph is effective against any person who has such material in his possession for sale, distribution or storage, also if he is not a party to the proceeding; if the Court ordered confiscation, then it shall direct how to dispose of the confiscated copies; (2) that all or part of the judgment be published; publication shall be at the expense of the accused or defendant, in a place, of a size and at the manner prescribed by the Court; (3) that the infringing matter be surrendered to the injured party; (4) that the unlawfully received information be deleted, or that use of the said information - or of the surplus information, as defined in section 23E - is prohibited, or it may make any other in respect of the information. (b) The provisions of this section shall not prevent keeping a copy of a publication in public libraries. archives and the like - unless the Court imposes a restriction also on that by a confiscation order under subsection (a) (1) - and they shall not prevent an individual keeping a copy of a publication.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec30
chapter: CHAPTER FIVE: MISCELLANEOUS
section: 30
title: Responsibility for publication in newspaper
content:
30. Responsibility for publication in newspaper (a) If an infringement of privacy is published in a newspaper, within its meaning in the Press Ordinance (hereafter: newspaper), then the criminal and civil responsibility for the infringement shall be borne by the person who brought the material to the newspaper and thereby caused its publication, by the editor of the newspaper and by the person who actually decided on the publication of the infringement in the newspaper, and civil responsibility shall also be borne by the publisher of the newspaper. (b) In a criminal case under this section, it shall be a good defense for the editor of the newspaper that he took reasonable steps to prevent the publication of the infringement or that he did no know of the publication. (c) In this section, "editor" of a newspaper includes an acting editor within the scope of the powers or functions of the body that transmits or receives the information.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec31
chapter: CHAPTER FIVE: MISCELLANEOUS
section: 31
title: Responsibility of printer and distributor
content:
31. Responsibility of printer and distributor If an infringement of privacy was published in print, except in a newspaper published under a valid license at intervals of not less than forty days, then criminal and civil responsibility for the infringement shall also be borne by the possessor of the printing press, within its meaning in the Press Ordinance, on which the infringement was printed, and by the person who sells or otherwise distributes the publication; however, they shall not bear responsibility unless they knew or ought to have known that the publication contained and infringement of privacy. 31 A. Penalties in due diligence offenses (a) If a person does one of the following, then he is liable to one year imprisonment: (1) he operates, keeps or uses a data base in violation of section 8; (2) he delivers false particulars in an application for the registration of a data base, an required in section 9: (3) he does not deliver particulars or delivers false particulars in a notice attached to a request for information under section 11; (4) he does not comply with the provisions of sections 13 and 13A, concerning the right to inspect information kept in a data base, or he does not correct a data base according to the provisions of section 14: (5) he grants access to a data base in violation of the provisions of section 17 A (a). or does not deliverdocuments or an affidavit in accordance with the provisions of section 17 A (b) to the Registrar; (6) does not appoint a security officer for the protection of information under section 17B. (7) operates or keeps a data base used for direct mail services in violation of the provisions of sections 17D to 17F; (8) delivers information in violation of sections 23B to 23E. (b) An offense under this section does not require that criminal intent or negligence be proven.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec31B
chapter: CHAPTER FIVE: MISCELLANEOUS
section: 31B
title: Civil wrong
content:
31B. Civil wrong An act or omission in violation of the provisions of Chapters Two or Four, or in violation of regulations made under this Law, shall constitute a civil wrong under the Civil Wrongs Ordinance (New Version).


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec32
chapter: CHAPTER FIVE: MISCELLANEOUS
section: 32
title: Material inadmissible as evidence
content:
32. Material inadmissible as evidence Material obtained by the commission of an infringement of privacy shall not be used as evidence in Court without the consent of the injured party, unless the Court, for reasons which shall be recorded, permits it to be so used, or if the infringer, who is a party to the proceeding, has a defense or enjoys exemption under this Law.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec33
chapter: CHAPTER FIVE: MISCELLANEOUS
section: 33
title: Amendment of Civil wrongs Ordinance
content:
33. Amendment of Civil wrongs Ordinance Section 34A of the Civil Wrongs Ordinance (New Version) is hereby repealed.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec34
chapter: CHAPTER FIVE: MISCELLANEOUS
section: 34
title: Amendment of Criminal Procedure Law
content:
34. Amendment of Criminal Procedure Law In the Schedule to the Criminal Procedure Law 5725-1965, the following paragraph shall be added after paragraph (12): "(13) offenses under the Protection of Privacy Law 5741-1981."


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec35
chapter: CHAPTER FIVE: MISCELLANEOUS
section: 35
title: Saving of Laws
content:
35. Saving of Laws The provisions of this Law shall not derogate from the provisions of any other Law.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec36
chapter: CHAPTER FIVE: MISCELLANEOUS
section: 36
title: Implementation and regulations
content:
36. Implementation and regulations The Minister of Justice is charged with the implementation of this Law and be may, with approval by the Knesset Constitution, Law and Justice Committee, make regulations on any matter that relates to its implementation and, inter alia, on - (1) conditions for keeping and safeguarding information in data bases; (2) conditions for transmitting information to or from data bases outside the boundaries of the State; (3) rules of conduct and ethics for owners, possessors and operators of data bases; (4) provisions on the deletion of information when a data base ceases to function.


document_id: privacy-protection-law-1981
provision_ref: sec36A
chapter: CHAPTER FIVE: MISCELLANEOUS
section: 36A
title: Fees
content:
36A. Fees (a) The Minister may, with approval by the Knesset Constitution, Law and Justice Committee, set fees for registration and inspection under this Law. (b) The fees collected under this section shall b allocated to the Registrar and to the supervision unit for their activities under this Law.


document_id: privacy-protection-transfer-abroad-regulations-2001
provision_ref: reg1
section: 1
title: Scope
content:
Regulation 1. These Regulations apply to the transfer of personal data from a database in Israel to a database outside of Israel.


document_id: privacy-protection-transfer-abroad-regulations-2001
provision_ref: reg2
section: 2
title: Conditions for Transfer
content:
Regulation 2. Personal data may be transferred to a database abroad if: (a) the law of the receiving country provides a level of protection of personal data not lower than the level provided under Israeli law; (b) the data subject has consented to the transfer; (c) the transfer is made pursuant to a contract that ensures protection of privacy substantially equivalent to Israeli law; (d) the transfer is necessary for the performance of a contract to which the data subject is a party.


document_id: privacy-protection-transfer-abroad-regulations-2001
provision_ref: reg3
section: 3
title: Adequate Protection
content:
Regulation 3. In determining whether a country provides adequate protection, the following factors shall be considered: (a) the nature of the data; (b) the purpose of the transfer; (c) the relevant laws and regulations of the receiving country; (d) the enforcement mechanisms in the receiving country; (e) the security measures applied to the data in the receiving country.


document_id: privacy-protection-transfer-abroad-regulations-2001
provision_ref: reg4
section: 4
title: Contractual Safeguards
content:
Regulation 4. Where data is transferred on the basis of contractual safeguards, the contract shall include provisions ensuring: (a) the data will be used only for the purposes for which it was transferred; (b) the recipient will maintain the security of the data; (c) the data will not be further transferred without adequate protection; (d) the data subject's rights will be respected.


document_id: regulation-of-security-1998
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. Definitions. In this Law: "body subject to security" - a body designated by the Minister of Public Security as requiring security regulation due to the nature of its activities or the risk of terrorism; "security officer" - a person appointed by a body subject to security to be responsible for security matters; "security plan" - a comprehensive plan for the protection of a body subject to security, its personnel, visitors, and assets.


document_id: regulation-of-security-1998
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: Designation of Bodies
content:
Section 2. Designation of Bodies. (a) The Minister of Public Security may, by order, designate a body as a body subject to security if: (1) the body provides essential public services; (2) the body handles hazardous materials; (3) the body is a venue of public assembly; (4) the nature of the body's activities or its location creates a heightened risk requiring security regulation.


document_id: regulation-of-security-1998
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: Security Officer
content:
Section 3. Security Officer. (a) A body subject to security shall appoint a security officer. (b) The security officer shall be responsible for: (1) preparing and implementing a security plan; (2) supervising security measures; (3) training personnel on security procedures; (4) reporting security incidents to the relevant authorities.


document_id: regulation-of-security-1998
provision_ref: sec5
section: 5
title: Security Plan
content:
Section 5. Security Plan. (a) The security officer shall prepare a security plan for the body. (b) The security plan shall address: (1) risk assessment; (2) physical security measures; (3) access control; (4) emergency procedures; (5) coordination with security forces.


document_id: regulation-of-security-1998
provision_ref: sec8
section: 8
title: Supervision
content:
Section 8. Supervision. The Israel Police shall supervise compliance with this Law and may inspect bodies subject to security to verify that security measures are implemented in accordance with the security plan.


document_id: securities-law-1968
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. Definitions. In this Law: "securities" - shares, debentures, and any other rights in a body corporate, including options and warrants; "stock exchange" - the Tel Aviv Stock Exchange or any stock exchange recognized under this Law; "Israel Securities Authority" (ISA) - the statutory authority established under this Law to regulate securities markets.


document_id: securities-law-1968
provision_ref: sec15
section: 15
title: Prospectus Requirement
content:
Section 15. Prospectus Requirement. (a) No person shall offer securities to the public except by way of a prospectus approved by the Authority. (b) A prospectus shall contain all material information necessary for a reasonable investor to decide whether to purchase the securities.


document_id: securities-law-1968
provision_ref: sec36
section: 36
title: Continuous Disclosure
content:
Section 36. Continuous Disclosure. (a) A reporting corporation shall file with the Authority and the stock exchange periodic reports, immediate reports, and any other report as prescribed by regulations. (b) Reports shall include material information about the corporation, including risks to its operations, financial condition, and information systems.


document_id: securities-law-1968
provision_ref: sec52A
section: 52A
title: Insider Trading Prohibition
content:
Section 52A. Insider Trading. (a) No insider of a company shall trade in securities of that company while in possession of inside information. (b) "inside information" means information about a company that is not known to the public and which, if known, would significantly affect the price of the company's securities.


document_id: securities-law-1968
provision_ref: sec52B
section: 52B
title: Tipping Prohibition
content:
Section 52B. Tipping. An insider shall not convey inside information to another person if there is a reasonable possibility that the recipient will use the information for trading in securities.


document_id: securities-law-1968
provision_ref: sec56
section: 56
title: Enforcement Powers
content:
Section 56. The Authority may conduct investigations, issue administrative orders, impose monetary sanctions, and refer matters for criminal prosecution in cases of violations of this Law.


document_id: severance-pay-law-1963
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Entitlement
content:
Section 1. An employee who is dismissed after one year of continuous employment with the same employer is entitled to severance pay.


document_id: severance-pay-law-1963
provision_ref: sec12
section: 12
title: Calculation
content:
Section 12. Severance pay shall be calculated at the rate of one month's wages for each year of employment.


document_id: severance-pay-law-1963
provision_ref: sec14
section: 14
title: Section 14 Arrangement
content:
Section 14. The Minister of Labor may, with the approval of the Finance Committee of the Knesset, provide that employer contributions to a severance fund or pension fund shall be deemed to be in lieu of severance pay. This is commonly known as the "Section 14 arrangement" and applies to most employees in Israel.


document_id: standard-contracts-law-1982
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. In this Law: "standard contract" - a contract whose terms, in whole or in part, have been predetermined by one party and the other party has had no significant ability to negotiate; "restrictive condition" - a condition in a standard contract that unduly restricts or denies a right to which the customer would otherwise be entitled.


document_id: standard-contracts-law-1982
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: Void Conditions
content:
Section 3. A restrictive condition in a standard contract that unduly restricts the rights of the customer or grants the supplier excessive advantages is void.


document_id: standard-contracts-law-1982
provision_ref: sec4
section: 4
title: Specific Void Conditions
content:
Section 4. The following conditions are deemed to be restrictive: (a) exempting the supplier from liability for breach; (b) granting the supplier unilateral right to cancel the contract; (c) restricting the customer's right to legal remedies; (d) unilateral modification of contract terms; (e) automatic renewal without notice.


document_id: standard-contracts-law-1982
provision_ref: sec6
section: 6
title: Standard Contracts Tribunal
content:
Section 6. The Standard Contracts Tribunal may, upon application, declare a condition in a standard contract to be a restrictive condition and order its modification or annulment.


document_id: state-comptroller-law-1958
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: Function
content:
Section 2. The State Comptroller shall audit the activities of the Government, government ministries, defense establishment, local authorities, government companies, and other bodies subject to audit under this Law.


document_id: state-comptroller-law-1958
provision_ref: sec9
section: 9
title: Scope of Audit
content:
Section 9. The audit shall examine whether the audited body has acted lawfully, with integrity, in accordance with sound administration, and with due regard to economy and efficiency, including the protection of information and data.


document_id: state-comptroller-law-1958
provision_ref: sec36
section: 36
title: Public Complaints
content:
Section 36. Any person may file a complaint with the State Comptroller regarding any act or omission of a body subject to audit that directly affects the complainant.


document_id: state-comptroller-law-1958
provision_ref: sec45
section: 45
title: Confidentiality
content:
Section 45. The State Comptroller and its staff shall maintain the confidentiality of information obtained in the course of audit and complaint proceedings.


document_id: taxation-ordinance-1961
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. In this Ordinance: "income" - the total amount of income of a person from all sources during a tax year; "assessor" - the Assessing Officer responsible for determining tax liability.


document_id: taxation-ordinance-1961
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: Taxable Income
content:
Section 2. Income tax shall be levied on the taxable income of every person, as computed in accordance with this Ordinance, for each tax year.


document_id: taxation-ordinance-1961
provision_ref: sec131
section: 131
title: Reporting Obligations
content:
Section 131. Every person liable to tax under this Ordinance shall file a return of income in the form prescribed, including details of all income, deductions, and other information required by the Assessing Officer.


document_id: taxation-ordinance-1961
provision_ref: sec135
section: 135
title: Confidentiality of Tax Information
content:
Section 135. Tax information obtained by the tax authorities in the course of assessment shall be treated as confidential. No tax official shall disclose such information except as provided by law.


document_id: taxation-ordinance-1961
provision_ref: sec234
section: 234
title: Penalties
content:
Section 234. A person who fails to file a return, files a false return, or evades tax is liable to fines and imprisonment as prescribed in this Ordinance.


document_id: terror-financing-prohibition-law-2005
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. In this Law: "terrorist act" - an act of violence or threat of violence against a person or property, or an act that endangers the life of a person, committed with the intention of advancing a political, religious, or ideological cause, or to intimidate the public; "terror financing" - providing, collecting, or making available financial resources or financial services with the knowledge or intent that they will be used to commit or support a terrorist act.


document_id: terror-financing-prohibition-law-2005
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: Prohibition of Terror Financing
content:
Section 2. A person who provides, collects, or makes available financial resources or financial services, knowing or intending that they be used to commit or support a terrorist act, commits an offense punishable by imprisonment.


document_id: terror-financing-prohibition-law-2005
provision_ref: sec3
section: 3
title: Designation Orders
content:
Section 3. The Minister of Defense may, by order, designate a person or organization as a terrorist entity if there are reasonable grounds to believe that the person or organization is involved in terrorism or terror financing.


document_id: terror-financing-prohibition-law-2005
provision_ref: sec5
section: 5
title: Freezing of Assets
content:
Section 5. Upon designation, all property of the designated entity shall be frozen. No person shall make financial resources or financial services available to a designated entity.


document_id: trade-secrets-law-1999
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. In this Law: "trade secret" - business information that is not publicly known, that derives actual or potential commercial value from not being known, and the owner of which takes reasonable steps to maintain its secrecy; "misappropriation" - acquisition of a trade secret by improper means, or disclosure or use of a trade secret by a person who obtained it by improper means or in breach of a duty of confidence.


document_id: trade-secrets-law-1999
provision_ref: sec5
section: 5
title: Prohibition of Misappropriation
content:
Section 5. No person shall misappropriate a trade secret. Misappropriation includes: (a) acquiring a trade secret by theft, bribery, fraud, breach of confidence, or other improper means; (b) disclosing or using a trade secret obtained by improper means; (c) disclosing or using a trade secret in breach of a duty of confidence.


document_id: trade-secrets-law-1999
provision_ref: sec11
section: 11
title: Remedies
content:
Section 11. The court may grant any of the following remedies for misappropriation: (a) an injunction against further use or disclosure; (b) damages, including reasonable royalties; (c) delivery up or destruction of materials embodying the trade secret; (d) an account of profits derived from the misappropriation.


document_id: trademarks-ordinance-1972
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. In this Ordinance: "mark" includes a word, design, letters, numerals, a shape of goods or their packaging, a color, or any combination thereof; "trademark" - a mark used by a person in relation to goods or services for the purpose of indicating a connection between the goods or services and that person.


document_id: trademarks-ordinance-1972
provision_ref: sec8
section: 8
title: Registrable Marks
content:
Section 8. A mark is registrable as a trademark if it is distinctive and is not identical or confusingly similar to an existing registered mark for the same or similar goods or services.


document_id: trademarks-ordinance-1972
provision_ref: sec46
section: 46
title: Rights of Registered Owner
content:
Section 46. Registration of a trademark gives the registered owner the exclusive right to use the mark in relation to the goods or services for which it is registered.


document_id: trademarks-ordinance-1972
provision_ref: sec60
section: 60
title: Infringement
content:
Section 60. Unauthorized use of a registered trademark or a mark confusingly similar to it in relation to goods or services for which the trademark is registered constitutes infringement.


document_id: wiretapping-law-1979
provision_ref: sec1
section: 1
title: Definitions
content:
Section 1. In this Law: "wiretapping" - listening to, recording, or copying of a communication transmitted through a telecommunications system, without the consent of at least one of the parties to the communication; "communication" - any conversation, message, or signal transmitted through a telecommunications system.


document_id: wiretapping-law-1979
provision_ref: sec2
section: 2
title: Prohibition of Wiretapping
content:
Section 2. No person shall perform wiretapping except as authorized under this Law. A person who performs unauthorized wiretapping is liable to imprisonment of 5 years.


document_id: wiretapping-law-1979
provision_ref: sec6
section: 6
title: Wiretapping Warrant
content:
Section 6. (a) A District Court President may issue a warrant authorizing wiretapping if satisfied that the wiretapping is necessary for the investigation of a serious offense, and that there is no other reasonable means of obtaining the evidence. (b) A warrant shall specify the target, the telecommunications system, and the duration (not exceeding 3 months, renewable).


document_id: wiretapping-law-1979
provision_ref: sec13
section: 13
title: Admissibility of Evidence
content:
Section 13. Evidence obtained through lawful wiretapping is admissible in court proceedings. Evidence obtained through unlawful wiretapping is inadmissible, except in a prosecution for the wiretapping offense itself.


document_id: wiretapping-law-1979
provision_ref: sec14
section: 14
title: Penalties
content:
Section 14. (a) A person who performs unauthorized wiretapping is liable to imprisonment of 5 years. (b) A person who discloses information obtained through unauthorized wiretapping is liable to imprisonment of 3 years.


